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Alur A, Phillips J, Xu D. Effects of hexavalent chromium on mitochondria and their implications in carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:109-125. [PMID: 38230947 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2301899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-known occupational and environmental human carcinogen. The cellular effect of Cr(VI) is complex and often nonspecific due to its ability to modulate multiple cellular targets. The toxicity of Cr(VI) is strongly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its reduction process. ROS can cause oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, thereby altering their functions. A major genotoxic effect of Cr(VI) that contributes to carcinogenesis is the formation of DNA adducts, which can lead to DNA damage. Modulations of cellular signaling pathways and epigenetics may also contribute to the carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) has a major impact on many aspects of mitochondrial biology, including oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects have the potential to alter the trajectory of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenic process. This perspective article summarizes current understandings of the effect of Cr(VI) on mitochondria and discusses the future directions of research in this area, particularly with regard to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Alur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John Phillips
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Wang L, Zheng P, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Song K, Liu Y, Liu J. Regulation of Parkin in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114315. [PMID: 36423368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large amount of heavy metal chromium emissions from industrial production, ore smelting and sewage treatment plants have made chromium one of the most widespread heavy metal pollutants, with Cr (VI) being the most toxic. In recent years, people have gradually recognized the great harm of heavy metal chromium pollution, but the research on its pathogenic mechanism is still not deep enough. In this study, we treated the Primary cells of chicken liver with Cr (VI) to establish a model of toxicity. The optimal treatment time and Cr (VI) concentration were screened using the CCK-8 test. The intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured qualitatively and quantitatively by laser confocal and flow cytometry, respectively. This result was confirmed by the fact that Cr (VI) could cause mitophagy by causing damage to mitochondria. Subsequently, this study used LMH cells to construct a Parkin silencing model to further investigate that Parkin exerts the function on the Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. The results showed that the knockdown of Parkin effectively blocked p62 degradation and LC3 lipidation and that PINK1 expression was significantly inhibited in LMH cells, further suggesting that the knockdown of Parkin effectively inhibited mitophagy. Mitochondrial morphology, MMP, and ROS were observed using laser confocal. The results showed that Parkin knockdown resulted in mitochondrial fission and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, together with increased depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes led to increased mitochondrial damage. In conclusion, this study showed that Cr (VI) could cause the occurrence of mitophagy by damaging mitochondria, and Parkin played a crucial role in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhuanglong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kaimin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Wang J, Liu C, Zhao Y, Wang J, Li J, Zheng M. Selenium regulates Nrf2 signaling to prevent hepatotoxicity induced by hexavalent chromium in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102335. [PMID: 36470031 PMCID: PMC9719864 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) is considered to be a common environmental pollutant, which widely exists in industrial effluents and wastes and then potentially noxious effects to the health of the poultry. Studies have reported that selenium (Se), which is one of the essential trace elements of the poultry and participates in the oxidative metabolism, can alleviate Cr(Ⅵ)-induced organ damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, but its specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, animal models of Cr(Ⅵ)- and Se-exposure were constructed using broilers to investigate the antagonistic mechanism of Se to Cr(Ⅵ)-induced hepatotoxicity. In this experiment, the four groups of broiler models were used as the research objects: control, Se, Se plus Cr, and Cr groups. Histopathology and ultrastructure liver changes were observed. Liver-somatic index, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, Nrf2 pathway related factors, and autophagy-related genes were also determined. Overall, Se was found to ameliorate the disorganized structure, hepatic insufficiency, and oxidative damage caused by Cr(Ⅵ) exposure. Electron microscopy analysis further showed that the number of autophagosomes was obviously decreased after Se treatment compared to Cr group. Furthermore, gene and protein expression analyses illustrated that the levels of Nrf2, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the Se&Cr group was upregulated, along with decreased expression of Beclin 1, ATG5 and LC3 compared to the Cr group. These suggest that Se can repair the oxidative lesion and autophagy induced by Cr(Ⅵ) exposure in broiler livers by upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Ci Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
- Corresponding authors:
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, P. R. China
- Corresponding authors:
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Luo R, Fan C, Jiang G, Hu F, Wang L, Guo Q, Zou M, Wang Y, Wang T, Sun Y, Peng X. Andrographolide restored production performances and serum biochemical indexes and attenuated organs damage in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected broilers. Br Poult Sci 2022; 64:164-175. [PMID: 36222587 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2128987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to study the preventive and therapeutic effects of andrographolide (Andro) during Mycoplasma gallisepticum HS strain (MG) infection in ArborAcres (AA) broilers.2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Andro against MG was measured. Broiler body weight, feed efficiency, morbidity, cure rate and mortality were recorded during the experiment. Air sac lesion scores and immune organ index were calculated. Expression of pMGA1.2 in lung tissue and serum biochemical indices were examined. Histopathological examinations of immune organs, liver, trachea and lung tissue were conducted by Haematoxylin and Eosin stain.3. MIC was 3.75 μg/mL and Andro significantly inhibited the expression of pMGA1.2 (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro low-dose and high-dose prevention reduced the morbidity of chronic respiratory disease in 40.00% and 50.00%, respectively. Mortality of C, D and E group was 16.67%, 10.00% and 6.67%, respectively. Cure rate of E, F, G and H group was 92.00%, 92.86%, 93.33% and 100.0%, respectively. Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro treatment significantly increased average weight gain (AWG), relative weight gain rate (RWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) at 18 to 24 days (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with control group, Andro alone treatment significantly increased AWG in broilers (P ≤ 0.05).4. Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro significantly attenuated MG-induced air sac lesion, immune organs, liver, trachea and lung damage in broilers. Andro alone treatment did not induce abnormal morphological changes in these organs in healthy broilers. Serum biochemical analysis results showed, comparing with control MG-infected group, Andro significantly decreased the content of total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, and increased the albumin/globulin ratio and content of alkaline phosphatase, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I in a dose-dependent manner (P ≤ 0.05).5. Andro could act as a potential agent against MG infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - G Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Guo C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huo S, Zhang X, Cao Z, Song M, Li Y. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated to protect against AFB 1-induced immunosuppression in mice spleen. Toxicol Lett 2022; 366:33-44. [PMID: 35810998 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause mitochondrial malfunction and immunosuppression in spleen. Mitochondrial damage can lead to oxidative stress and aggravate immune cell dysfunction. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase1 (PINK1)/ E3 ubiquitin ligase PARK2 (Parkin)-mediated mitophagy can scavenge damaged mitochondria and alleviate oxidative stress to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in AFB1-induced immunosuppression in spleen is unclear. In this study, sixty male mice were sensibilized orally with AFB1 at different concentrations [0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/kg body weight (BW)] for 28 days, and AFB1 caused splenic structure injury and immunosuppression, also led to upregulation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, thirty male WT C57BL/6 N mice and thirty male Parkin knockout (Parkin-/-) C57BL/6 N mice were sensibilized orally with AFB1 at 0 or 1 mg/kg BW for 28 days, and Parkin-/- inhibited mitophagy and further aggravated AFB1-induced splenic structure injury, immunosuppression, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Collectively, these results indicate that AFB1 exposure activates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which protects against immunosuppression in spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou 115009, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siming Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural. University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Li H, Shi J, Gao H, Yang X, Fu Y, Peng Y, Xia Y, Zhou D. Hexavalent Chromium Causes Apoptosis and Autophagy by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Cardiomyocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2866-2875. [PMID: 34390448 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a common environmental pollutant, which has a strong toxic effect on humans and animals. However, the cardiac toxicity of Cr(VI) in broilers remains to be explored. The development of heart disease is often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction especially exposure to toxic substances. In order to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in apoptosis and autophagy of broiler cardiomyocytes induced by hexavalent chromium, broiler cardiomyocytes were cultured in potassium dichromate of 0 mM, 16 mM, and 32 mM medium for 24 h. The results showed that, compared with the control group, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis rate in the Cr(VI) treatment group increased in a dose-dependent manner, the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes Bax and p53 were significantly increased, and the mRNA level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Compared with the control group, the mRNA level of autophagy-related genes (LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1) in the Cr(VI) treatment group was significantly increased, the mRNA level of mTOR was significantly decreased, and the protein level of p62/SQSTM1 was significantly decreased. The protein level of Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I significantly increased. In addition, compared with the control group, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and mitochondrial dynamics-related genes SIRT1, SIRT3, and Mfn2 mRNA decreased significantly in the Cr(VI) treatment group. In this study, we concluded that Cr(VI) could cause broiler myocardial apoptosis and autophagy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- Hainan College of Vocation and Technique, No.95 Nanhai Avenue, Longhua District, Haikou City, 570105, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clincal medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, CA, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Cheng G, Xing Y, Zhang M, Zhang P, Liu J. Inflammatory Injury and Mitophagy in the Cock Heart Induced by the Oral Administration of Hexavalent Chromium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1312-1320. [PMID: 33851329 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a highly toxic heavy metal, chromium has caused a certain threat to public health and livestock breeding in recent years. In poultry, as one of our most commonly consumed meat product, its health issues will seriously threaten the safety of human life. As previous studies have confirmed, when cells are stimulated by the external environment, mitochondria, as an organelle that provides energy to the cells, can cause damage and autophagy. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether Cr(VI) can cause mitophagy in cock heart. We first randomly divided 32 cocks into four groups to explore the mechanism of this effect. The cocks were then separately exposed to four different dose levels, namely, the control level and 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg levels, via daily oral intake into the body through mixed feeding for 45 days. After 45 days, we sampled and detected pathological changes and the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), and mitophagy-related proteins (LC3, p62/SQTM1, TOMM20, and Parkin). We found that IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and LC3II contents increased with the increase in Cr(VI) concentration. However, MMP, ATPases, p62/SQTM1, and TOMM20 levels decreased with the increase in Cr(VI) concentration. At the same time, Cr(VI) exposure caused heart tissue damages and Parkin translocation. In conclusion, our results proved that inflammatory damage, mitochondrial function damage, and mitophagy in cock heart tissues were dependent on Cr(VI) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Peng Y, Li H, Shen K, Pan W, Zhang J, Zhou D. Nano-selenium alleviating the lipid metabolism disorder of LMH cells induced by potassium dichromate via down-regulating ACACA and FASN. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:69426-69435. [PMID: 34302249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) VI is a common environmental contaminant highly toxic to livers. To explore the protective effect of nano-selenium (NANO-Se) on broiler liver damage caused by Cr (VI), this experiment was conducted with chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) as the research object, using potassium dichromate (PDC) and NANO-Se gel for culturing cells. The results indicated that: (1) in the PDC-exposure group, LMH cells being treated with 20 μmol/L PDC for 24 h, IC50 (median inhibition concentration) = 23.427 could significantly reduce cell activity (p < 0.01) which decreased over time. PDC markedly increased the concentration of triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in LMH cells (p < 0.01), which increased over time. In addition, PDC could substantially augment the transcription and protein levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha (ACACA) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in LMH cells (p < 0.01). (2) Compared with the PDC-exposure group, the addition of 8 μmol/L NANO-Se after 12 h of PDC treatment could significantly increase the cell viability (p < 0.01) but decreased over time; the levels of TG and LDL-C in LMH cells declined markedly (p < 0.01). In addition, the transcription and protein levels of ACACA and FASN in LMH cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). (3) The LMH cells were cultured in advance with 8 μmol/L NANO-Se for 12 h and then with PDC for 24 h. The obtained results were similar to the above. There were no obvious differences in TG and LDL-C levels (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the activity of LMH cells and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (p < 0.05).All these results suggest that the exposure to PDC promotes the increase of lipid synthesis in LMH cells and causes disorders in the lipid metabolism. Moreover, NANO-Se can partially attenuate the damage caused by PDC through down-regulating of the lipid metabolism-related genes (ACACA and FASN) in LMH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Peng
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Shen
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Pan
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Zhou
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Yan J, Xie Y, Chang X, Li J, Ren C, Zhu J, Ren L, Qi K, Bai Z, Li X. Dual role of cadmium in rat liver: Inducing liver injury and inhibiting the progression of early liver cancer. Toxicol Lett 2021; 355:62-81. [PMID: 34785185 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) can induce damage in liver and liver cancer cells; however, the mechanism underlying its toxicity needs to be further verified in vivo. We daily administered CdCl2 to adult male rats at different dosages via gavage for 12 weeks and established rat liver injury model and liver cancer model to study the dual role of Cd in rat liver. Increased exposure to Cd resulted in abnormal liver function indicators, pathological degeneration, rat liver cell necrosis, and proliferation of collagen fibres. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the area of GST-P-positive precancerous liver lesions decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that Cd induced mitophagy, as well as mitophagy blockade, as evidenced by the downregulation of TOMM20 and upregulation of LC3II and P62 with increasing Cd dose. Next, the expression of PINK1/Parkin, a classic signalling pathway protein that regulates mitophagy, was examined. Cd was found to promote PINK1/Parkin expression, which was proportional to the Cd dose. In conclusion, Cd activates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Mitophagy blockade likely aggravates Cd toxicity, leading to the dual role of inducing liver injury and inhibiting the progression of early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Donggang District, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Parkin-mediated mitochondrial quality control protects against aluminum-induced liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112485. [PMID: 34375723 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known to be hepatotoxic. Oxidative stress is the main mechanism of liver injury caused by Al, and can also lead to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial damage is a prerequisite for mitochondrial quality control (MQC) dysregulation. Parkin can activate MQC and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the role of Parkin-mediated MQC in Al-induced liver damage has not been elucidated. In this study, forty male wild type (WT) C57BL/6N mice were treated with 0, 44.825, 89.65 or 179.3 mg/kg body weight AlCl3 in drinking water for 90 days, respectively. We found that Al induced mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis. Then, twenty male WT C57BL/6N mice and twenty male Parkin knockout (Parkin-/-) C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups and treated with 0, 89.65, 0, 89.65 mg/kg body weight AlCl3 in drinking water for 90 days, respectively. We found that Parkin-/- inhibited mitophagy and further disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis. These results indicated that Parkin-mediated MQC could be disrupted by Al and protected against Al-induced liver damage.
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11
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Guo S, Wang X, Wang L, Cheng G, Zhang M, Xing Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu J. Inflammatory injury and mitophagy of the brain in chicken exposed to Cr(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42353-42361. [PMID: 33813707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether Cr(VI) can induce inflammatory injury in chicken brain and influence mitophagy and related mechanisms. A total of 120 hyline brown chickens (1 day old, 20±3g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups and given different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) every day at 45 days. Results showed that excessive intake of Cr(VI) led to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IF-γ) level. Cr(VI) increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chicken brain cells, causing the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and formation of autophagosomes for mitophagy. In addition, Cr(VI) promoted the translocation of Parkin to the mitochondrial outer membrane, increased LC3-II protein level, and inhibited p62 and TOM20 protein expression. In conclusion, excessive Cr(VI) intake can induce inflammatory injury and mitophagy in chicken brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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12
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Liu K, Wang K, Wang L, Zhou Z. Changes of lipid and bone metabolism in broilers with spontaneous femoral head necrosis. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100808. [PMID: 33518301 PMCID: PMC7936160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood biochemistry and bone metabolism were evaluated to investigate the etiology and mechanism of spontaneous femoral head necrosis (FHN) in broilers. According to the femoral head score of the fourth, fifth, and sixth week old FHN-affected broilers, they were divided into 3 groups, namely Normal group, femoral head separation group, and femoral head separation with growth plate lacerations group, and then carried out a comparative study. The results showed that the liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and lipid metabolism (high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride) levels of broilers with spontaneous FHN were significant changed compared with the normal group. At the same time, accumulation of lipid droplets appeared in the liver, which illustrated that the occurrence of FHN may be related to lipid metabolism disorders. Tibia and femur parameters showed significant changes in bone mineral density and bone strength. The distribution of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of broilers with FHN was irregular and vacuoles appeared, which indicated that cartilage homeostasis was destroyed. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate of articular chondrocytes in broilers with FHN in 6-week-old was significantly higher than that of normal broilers. Meanwhile, the bone markers (bone glaprotein and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) changed significantly, indicating that the articular chondrocyte apoptosis and bone metabolism disorder may occur in FHN-affected birds. Therefore, FHN in broilers may be caused by dyslipidemia and abnormal bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kuanbo Wang
- Lianyungang Dongmi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222248, China
| | - Leguo Wang
- Lianyungang Dongmi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222248, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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13
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Bojarski B, Buchko O, Kondera E, Ługowska K, Osikowski A, Trela M, Witeska M, Lis MW. Effects of embryonic exposure to chromium (VI) on blood parameters and liver microstructure of 1-day-old chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 100:366-371. [PMID: 33357701 PMCID: PMC7772708 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. Exposure to Cr(VI) can also lead to hematological alterations and blood biochemical changes. The literature on Cr(VI) toxicity concerns mostly adult forms of vertebrates. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect on the developing chicken embryo of Cr(VI) in ovo administration. It was observed that chromium affected the hatchability of chicks in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose from 25 to 250 μg per egg, Cr(VI) resulted in a statistically significant reduction of hatchability. Chromium administrated at lower doses (1.56 and 2.5 μg per egg) caused a statistically insignificant increase of hatchability. However, chromium at a level of LD50 (15.6 μg per egg) or 1/10 LD50 (1.56 per egg) did not cause major changes in hematological parameters or plasma biochemical indices in newly hatched chicks. The same doses did not lead to any histopathological changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oksana Buchko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Adaptation and Ontogenesis of Animals, Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 79034 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elżbieta Kondera
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ługowska
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trela
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Marcin W Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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