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Mullineaux E, Pawson C. Trends in Admissions and Outcomes at a British Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre over a Ten-Year Period (2012-2022). Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:86. [PMID: 38200817 PMCID: PMC10778305 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of animals pass through wildlife rehabilitation centres (WRCs) globally each year, some dying in captivity, others euthanised, and some released into the wild. Those caring for these animals are generally well-intentioned, but skills, knowledge, and resources may be limited, potentially compromising animal welfare. WRC databases provide an opportunity to provide an evidence base for treatment and conservation efforts. 42,841 records of animals admitted over a 10-year period to a British WRC were analysed. More birds (69.16%) were admitted than mammals (30.48%) and reptiles and amphibians (0.36%). Most admissions were in the summer (48.8%) and spring (26.0%) months. A total of 9 of the 196 species seen made up 57% of admissions, and hedgehogs were the most common species admitted (14% of all admissions and 20% of mammals). Juvenile animals (35.5%) were admitted more frequently than 'orphans' (26.0%) or adults (26.4%). 'Orphaned' was also the predominant reason for admission (28.3%), followed by 'injured' (25.5%). 42.6% of animals were eventually released back to the wild, 19.2% died in captivity, and 37.2% were euthanised; 1% of outcomes were unknown. The prognosis was better for orphaned animals than for those admitted because of injury. Unexpected natural deaths in captivity were found to decline over the period of study, consistent with improved early triage. These findings can be used to focus veterinary and WRC training and seasonal resources on the species and case types most likely to be successfully rehabilitated and released. The findings also have the potential to contribute to our understanding of anthropogenic impacts, historical and regional variations in ecosystem health, and resultant implications for animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mullineaux
- Capital Veterinary Services Ltd., Haddington, East Lothian EH41 4JN, UK
- Secret World Wildlife Rescue, Highbridge, Somerset TA9 3PZ, UK
| | - Chris Pawson
- Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK;
- College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Pärt S, Björkqvist JV, Alari V, Maljutenko I, Uiboupin R. An ocean-wave-trajectory forecasting system for the eastern Baltic Sea: Validation against drifting buoys and implementation for oil spill modeling. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115497. [PMID: 37741166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the implementation and validation of OpenDrift, an open-source Lagrangian particle trajectory modeling framework for oil spill modeling in the coastal waters of Estonia in the Baltic Sea. The framework was coupled with ECMWF winds, NEMO-EST05 hydrodynamical model, and SWAN-EST wave model, and validated using six drift experiments from 2022. The sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of incorporating additional forcing factors, such as Stokes drift and currents, which generally improved the accuracy of the trajectory model compared to using wind alone. Nevertheless, the benefits of providing OpenDrift with, for example, the Stokes drift seemed to depend on whether currents are also included or not. The wind drift factors of the utilized drifters align closely with those commonly employed in oil spill modeling. Furthermore, the modeling results for hypothetical oil spills in severe weather conditions and high-risk regions emphasize the critical need for preparedness and rapid response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siim Pärt
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Marine Systems, Akadeemia tee 15a, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Jan-Victor Björkqvist
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Allégaten 70, Bergen 5007, Norway; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Victor Alari
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Marine Systems, Akadeemia tee 15a, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Ilja Maljutenko
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Marine Systems, Akadeemia tee 15a, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Rivo Uiboupin
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Marine Systems, Akadeemia tee 15a, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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Dou B, Lin S, Wang Y, Yang L, Yao A, Liao H, Tian S, Shang J, Lan J. Versatile CO 2-responsive Sponges Decorated with ZIF-8 for Bidirectional Separation of Oil/Water and Controllable Removal of Dyes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37867-37883. [PMID: 37522905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex wastewater containing water-soluble dyes and water-insoluble oils has given rise to significant environmental concerns that demand urgent remediation. Herein, a novel "smart" multifunctional sponge (ZIF-8@PMS) stepwise decorated with ZIF-8 nanoparticles and CO2-responsive copolymer (poly(2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate) was successfully prepared for CO2 controllable oil/water separation and dyes removal. The results revealed that the sponge coated with CO2-responsive copolymer for three cycles (ZIF-8@PMS-3) exhibited optimal comprehensive properties. The ZIF-8@PMS-3 had excellent compressive-resilient characteristics and chemical stability. As expected, it displayed tunable wettability and charged state under the regulation of CO2. Based on these features, ZIF-8@PMS-3 presented highly efficient removal of oil and dyes, even for the dye-containing oil/water emulsions, via a synergistic combination of adsorption and separation methods. The adsorption capacity for oil and various organic solvents ranged from 21.3 to 50 g g-1. The maximum adsorption capacities toward anionic dyes: methyl orange with 1205.89 mg g-1 and methyl blue with 880.00 mg g-1 in the presence of CO2 through electrostatic interaction. In the absence of CO2, it achieved maximum adsorption capacities for cationic dyes, including malachite green with 1246.15 mg g-1 and rhodamine B with 203 mg g-1, primarily driven by π-π interactions. According to distinct adsorption mechanisms, ZIF-8@PMS-3 could selectively adsorb either anionic or cationic dyes by exploiting CO2 as a trigger. Furthermore, the separation efficiencies for both types of oil/water emulsions surpassed 99.9%, with respective fluxes of 1566.99 L m-2 h-1 (water-in-oil emulsion) and 310.37 L m-2 h-1 (oil-in-water emulsion). Additionally, the as-prepared sponges exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties and exceptional recyclability. Therefore, the ZIF-8@PMS-3 holds substantial promise for potential applications in practical industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Dou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Anrong Yao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiang Liao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Siyao Tian
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Shang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Chilvers BL, Ruoppolo V. Planning for an offshore oiled wildlife response: case studies from New Zealand and Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54351-54361. [PMID: 36944840 PMCID: PMC10121534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When an offshore oil spill occurs, it is often assumed that there will be no wildlife impacted or that an oiled wildlife response could not be undertaken. In most cases, one or both assumptions are wrong. With increasing offshore fishing, petroleum exploration, and shipping routes, the risk of accidents and spills offshore has increased. This review outlines the important considerations for offshore oiled wildlife response and explores two case studies on offshore oiled wildlife response planning based on offshore drilling or active platforms in New Zealand and Brazil. There are significant challenges for running a response in offshore environments; however, with planning, including preparation of specialized response plans, equipment, and readiness of skilled personnel, an offshore oiled wildlife response can lead to greater survival and protection for wildlife and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. L. Chilvers
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag, 11222 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - V. Ruoppolo
- Aiuká, Av. do Trabalhador 1799, 11.725-000, Praia Grande, SP Brazil
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Vanstreels RET, Parsons NJ, Sherley RB, Stander N, Strauss V, Kemper J, Waller L, Barham BJ, Ludynia K. Factors determining the number of seabirds impacted by oil spills and the success of their rehabilitation: Lessons learned from Namibia and South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114708. [PMID: 36773585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coastal waters of Namibia and South Africa have an extensive history of oil spills, with 71 recorded up to 2021. Thirty-nine spills reportedly affected 83,224 seabirds, with African penguins (Spheniscus demersus; 91.0 %) and Cape gannets (Morus capensis; 8.5 %) most affected. Spills affecting seabirds were caused by unknown sources (46 %), bulk/cargo carriers (43 %), tankers (38 %) and ship-to-ship transfers (14 %). The number of penguins oiled was predicted by the breeding population size within 25 to 75 km, but not the volume of oiled spilled, the month or the year. Rehabilitation records from penguins oiled in spills since 2001 reveal that the day of admission (relative to the start of the spill) was predictive of packed cell volume, body mass, and plasma total solids, with the latter two being predictive of rehabilitation success. Our results highlight the importance of rapid monitoring at colonies to locate oiled birds in the event of spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E T Vanstreels
- Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Marine Animals (IPRAM), Vila Velha, Brazil.
| | - Nola J Parsons
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard B Sherley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; African Penguin Conservation Project, Lüderitz, Namibia
| | - Nicky Stander
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Venessa Strauss
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Lauren Waller
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Katrin Ludynia
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB), Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lessons Learned for Pre-Emptive Capture Management as a Tool for Wildlife Conservation during Oil Spills and Eradication Events. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050833. [PMID: 36899690 PMCID: PMC10000061 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-emptive capture or translocation of wildlife during oil spills and prior to pest eradication poison applications are very specific conservation goals within the field of conservation translocation/reintroduction. Protection of wildlife from contamination events occurs during either planned operations such as pest eradication poison applications, or unplanned events such as pollution or oil spills. The aim in both incidences is to protect at-risk wildlife species, ensuring the survival of a threatened regional population or entire species, by excluding wildlife from entering affected areas and therefore preventing impacts on the protected wildlife. If pre-emptive capture does not occur, wildlife may unintentionally be affected and could either die or will need capture, cleaning, and/or medical care and rehabilitation before being released back into a cleared environment. This paper reviews information from pre-emptive captures and translocations of threatened wildlife undertaken during past oil spills and island pest eradications, to assess criteria for species captured, techniques used, outcomes of responses, and lessons learned. From these case studies, the considerations and planning needs for pre-emptive capture are described and recommendations made to allow better use and preparedness for pre-emptive capture as a preventative wildlife conservation tool.
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Boruah H, Tyagi N, Gupta SK, Chabukdhara M, Malik T. Understanding the adsorption of iron oxide nanomaterials in magnetite and bimetallic form for the removal of arsenic from water. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2023; 11. [DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic decontamination is a major worldwide concern as prolonged exposure to arsenic (>10 µg L-1) through drinking water causes serious health hazards in human beings. The selection of significant, cost-effective, and affordable processes for arsenic removal is the need of the hour. For the last decades, iron-oxide nanomaterials (either in the magnetite or bimetallic form) based adsorptive process gained attention owing to their high arsenic removal efficiency and high regenerative capacity as well as low yield of harmful by-products. In the current state-of-the-art, a comprehensive literature review was conducted focused on the applicability of iron-based nanomaterials for arsenic removal by considering three main factors: (a) compilation of arsenic removal efficiency, (b) identifying factors that are majorly affecting the process of arsenic adsorption and needs further investigation, and (c) regeneration capacity of adsorbents without affecting the removal process. The results revealed that magnetite and bimetallic nanomaterials are more effective for removing Arsenic (III) and Arsenic (V). Further, magnetite-based nanomaterials could be used up to five to six reuse cycles, whereas this value varied from three to six reuse cycles for bimetallic ones. However, most of the literature was based on laboratory findings using decided protocols and sophisticated instruments. It cannot be replicated under natural aquatic settings in the occurrence of organic contents, fluctuating pH and temperature, and interfering compounds. The primary rationale behind this study is to provide a comparative picture of arsenic removal through different iron-oxide nanomaterials (last twelve yearsof published literature) and insights into future research directions.
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Lee K, Yuu J, Park J, Hong G. Proposal of Construction Method of Smart Liner to Block and Detect Spreading of Soil Contaminants by Oil Spill. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:940. [PMID: 36673695 PMCID: PMC9859586 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil is an important factor for public health, and when a soil contaminant occurs by oil spill, it has a great impact on the ecosystem, including humans. Accordingly, the area is blocked using a vertical barrier, and various remediation methods are being applied when an oil spill occurs. This study intends to use a smart liner to prevent and detect the spreading of soil contaminants in a situation in which oil spill detection is important. However, the smart liner is in the form of a fiber, so it is impossible to construct it in a general method. Therefore, the roll spreading and inserting method (RSIM) is proposed for smart liner construction. RSIM is a method of installing a supporting pile after excavating the ground and connecting the smart liner vertically to the ground surface. This method is the first method proposed in this study, and the design and concept have not been established. In this study, a conceptual design was established to apply RSIM in the actual field, and a scale model experiment was performed to prove it. As a result of the scale model experiment, the applicability of RSIM was confirmed. Finally, numerical analysis using Abaqus/CAE was performed to carry out the detailed design of RSIM (installation conditions such as dimensions). Analysis parameters were embedded depth, thickness, diameter, and material properties of a supporting pile according to the ground type. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the results of RSIM analysis were interacting with all parameters according to the ground conditions. Therefore, it was confirmed that the actual design should be based on ground investigation and economic conditions, not standardized regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kicheol Lee
- Corporate Affiliated Research Institute, UCI Tech, 313 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjo Yuu
- R&D Center, GoldenPow Co., Ltd., 412 Samseong-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Park
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Gigwon Hong
- Department of Civil Engineering, Halla University, 28 Halladae-gil, Wonju-si 26404, Republic of Korea
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Pozo-Rivera WE, Quiloango-Chimarro C, Paredes X, Landívar M, Chiriboga C, Hidalgo D, García K, Villacís J. Response of dung beetle diversity to remediation of soil ecosystems in the Ecuadorian Amazon. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14975. [PMID: 36935915 PMCID: PMC10022510 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to alleviate the negative effects of oil spills in the Ecuadorian Amazon include remediation activities such as cleaning, reshaping, and revegetation of polluted areas. However, studies of the diversity of biological communities in these hydrocarbon-degraded ecosystems have never been carried out. Here, we evaluated the diversity of dung beetles on remediated soil ecosystems (Agricultural Soils and Sensitive Ecosystems) and on non-contaminated soils (Natural Forests and Palm Plantations). Methodology The study was conducted in Sucumbíos and Orellana provinces, in the Ecuadorian Amazon at four sampling sites per ecosystem type (a total of 16 sites). At each sampling site, six pitfall traps remained active for 120 consecutive h per month for 1 year. Results We collected 37 species and 7,506 individuals of dung beetles. We observed significant differences in mean species abundance, richness, and diversity between non-contaminated soil ecosystems and remediated soil ecosystems, with Natural Forests presenting the highest values, and Agricultural Soils the lowest values. Regarding sampling month, we also found significant differences among ecosystems, which were also higher in Natural Forests. Discussion The results suggest that hydrocarbon-degraded ecosystems tend to conserve lower beetle diversity one year after remediation highlighting the importance of Natural Forests for the conservation of tropical biodiversity. Therefore, dung beetle diversity could be used for future landscape management of these hydrocarbon-degraded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer E. Pozo-Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Quiloango-Chimarro
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xavier Paredes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Mario Landívar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Chiriboga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Hidalgo
- Centro de Investigación de Tecnologías Ambientales del Proyecto Amazonía Viva, Empresa Pública PETROECUADOR, La Joya de los Sachas, Orellana, Ecuador
| | - Karina García
- Centro de Investigación de Tecnologías Ambientales del Proyecto Amazonía Viva, Empresa Pública PETROECUADOR, La Joya de los Sachas, Orellana, Ecuador
| | - Jaime Villacís
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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Alea C, Ruiz CI, Yap JB, Molina EF, Saballa AJ, Ñuneza JS, Bacharo KBB. An investigation of aquatic oil spills in the Philippines from 2000 to 2021. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114241. [PMID: 36274562 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an archipelago, the Philippines is heavily engaged in domestic and foreign shipping activities which makes it highly vulnerable to oil pollution. It is the purpose of this present paper to make a follow-up review of the oil spill situation in the Philippines which provides analysis and evaluation of aquatic oil spills in the past 22 years. Results showed that the frequency and volume of oil spills generally occur in areas with high maritime traffic and experienced short-term decreases on periods affected by economic recessions. The sources and causes of oil spills are discussed while examining the possible influences of the changing climate. While, these had been identified, there is a gap in the incident reporting of oil spills. It is recommended that data records on oil spill incidents in the Philippines be systematic, consistent and comprehensively entail information not limited to date, locality, source, cause, and spillage amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Alea
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Crissha Izhy Ruiz
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Jillian Beyonce Yap
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Eloisa Faye Molina
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | | | - Jade Steven Ñuneza
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Kurt Bryant B Bacharo
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines; Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
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Pichegru L, Vibert L, Thiebault A, Charrier I, Stander N, Ludynia K, Lewis M, Carpenter-Kling T, McInnes A. Maritime traffic trends around the southern tip of Africa - Did marine noise pollution contribute to the local penguins' collapse? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157878. [PMID: 35944629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in seaborn trade since the 1990s has resulted in an increase in vessel-derived noise pollution, yet there is little evidence linking these activities to a decline in many marine taxa, such as seabirds. Algoa Bay, South Africa, is a marine biodiversity hotspot, providing habitats for the largest populations of endangered African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus), as well as other endangered seabirds, cetaceans and seals. The bay is situated on a major shipping route and since 2016 has hosted the first offshore ship-to-ship (STS) bunkering operations in the country, i.e. the supplying of fuel from one ship to another outside of harbours. Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, we estimated noise emissions from vessels as a proxy for underwater ambient noise levels within the core penguin utilisation area. Frequency of vessels using the bay doubled during our study, with numbers of bulk carriers increasing ten-fold. Ambient underwater noise levels were generally high in the bay (ca 140 dB re 1 μPa since 2015) but significantly increased by 2 dB SPL after the initiation of STS bunkering in 2016, corresponding to double the underwater noise intensity. This increase coincided with a significant and dramatic decline by 85% in penguin numbers from St Croix Island since 2016. Algoa Bay is now one of the noisiest bays in the world. This is the first study to assess the potential impact of vessel-derived underwater noise levels on a seabird population. Penguins, like marine mammal species, are known to be sensitive to marine noise pollution and urgent management interventions are required to mitigate this recent disturbance, to preserve the remaining stronghold of the African penguin and the marine mammals' populations sharing the penguins' habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorien Pichegru
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa.
| | - Laëtitia Vibert
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Andréa Thiebault
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Isabelle Charrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Nicky Stander
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, Cape Town 7441, South Africa
| | - Katta Ludynia
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, Cape Town 7441, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | | | - Tegan Carpenter-Kling
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa; BirdLife South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Alistair McInnes
- BirdLife South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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12
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Bioremediation of Crude Oil by Haematococcus Pluvialis: A Preliminary Study. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, oil pollution is one of the main environmental problems. The current methods for recovering spills mainly involve chemical agents, but scientific research has focused on more natural and less harmful techniques for the environment, including a consortium of bacteria and microalgae to clean up water contaminated by hydrocarbons. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the ability of a microalga belonging to Chlorophyceae to grow in the presence of crude oil and remove the principal contaminants. H. pluvialis, which is usually used for nutraceutical purposes, thanks to the production of astaxanthin, was able to grow in anaerobic conditions, varying its metabolism from autotrophic to heterotrophic, exploiting the carbon present in the solution deriving from the presence of 1% of crude oil. Furthermore, the results of bioremediation showed a relevant reduction in chemical pollutants such as nitrate, fluoride, sulfate, and phosphate. The most important aspect of the study was the reduction after 160 days in the hydrocarbon concentration inside not only the culture medium (−32%) but also the algal biomass (−80.25%), demonstrating an optimized degradation rather than a simple absorption inside the alga.
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Góngora E, Chen YJ, Ellis M, Okshevsky M, Whyte L. Hydrocarbon bioremediation on Arctic shorelines: Historic perspective and roadway to the future. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119247. [PMID: 35390417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has become one of the greatest concerns of the past few decades. In particular, global warming is a growing threat to the Canadian high Arctic and other polar regions. By the middle of this century, an increase in the annual mean temperature of 1.8 °C-2.7 °C for the Canadian North is predicted. Rising temperatures lead to a significant decrease of the sea ice area covered in the Northwest Passage. As a consequence, a surge of maritime activity in that region increases the risk of hydrocarbon pollution due to accidental fuel spills. In this review, we focus on bioremediation approaches on Arctic shorelines. We summarize historical experimental spill studies conducted at Svalbard, Baffin Island, and the Kerguelen Archipelago, and review contemporary studies that used modern omics techniques in various environments. We discuss how omics approaches can facilitate our understanding of Arctic shoreline bioremediation and identify promising research areas that should be further explored. We conclude that specific environmental conditions strongly alter bioremediation outcomes in Arctic environments and future studies must therefore focus on correlating these diverse parameters with the efficacy of hydrocarbon biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Góngora
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Ya-Jou Chen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Madison Ellis
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mira Okshevsky
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lyle Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Nguyen NTT, Nguyen LM, Nguyen TTT, Liew RK, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Recent advances on botanical biosynthesis of nanoparticles for catalytic, water treatment and agricultural applications: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154160. [PMID: 35231528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts minimizes the usage of toxic chemicals or energy. Here, we concentrate on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using natural compounds from plant extracts and their applications in catalysis, water treatment and agriculture. Polyphenols, flavonoid, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, coumarin, and gallic acid in the plant extracts engage in the reduction and stabilization of green nanoparticles. Ten types of nanoparticles involving Ag, Au, Cu, Pt, CuO, ZnO, MgO, TiO2, Fe3O4, and ZrO2 with emphasis on their formation mechanism are illuminated. We find that green nanoparticles serve as excellent, and recyclable catalysts for reduction of nitrophenols and synthesis of organic compounds with high yields of 83-100% and at least 5 recycles. Many emerging pollutants such as synthetic dyes, antibiotics, heavy metal and oils are effectively mitigated (90-100%) using green nanoparticles. In agriculture, green nanoparticles efficiently immobilize toxic compounds in soil. They are also sufficient nanopesticides to kill harmful larvae, and nanoinsecticides against dangerous vectors of pathogens. As potential nanofertilizers and nanoagrochemicals, green nanoparticles will open a revolution in green agriculture for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Luan Minh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown 10400, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam.
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Soil Chemical Pollution and Military Actions: A Bibliometric Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the optimistic expectations three decades ago, global military expenditure is increasing rather rapidly, fueled by the increasing intensity of international tensions. As a consequence of this, the military-caused soil pollution gains in importance. On the basis of a bibliometric analysis of 3500 articles, it is obvious that the level of interest in this topic has been rather fluctuating in the last decades, but in the last years, more than two hundred and fifty new publications have been appearing annually. The majority of publications are authored by US, Chinese, and Western European authors. Five main research areas could be identified by the cluster analysis of the following keywords: Heavy metal pollution, water resource pollution, consequences of soil pollution in the food chain, pollution by organic components and soil remediation, and analytic method development. The most central problem of research is heavy metal contamination. The basic topics of research are risk management, water contamination, and the depleted uranium problem. There is a further need to study the possibilities of decreasing of level of chemical pollutants, especially heavy metals.
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Yadav D, Karunanithi A, Saxena S, Shukla S. Modified PVA membrane for separation of micro-emulsion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153610. [PMID: 35114229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Release of liquefied hydrocarbons in domestic and industrial effluents, along with oil spills cause significant adverse effects on the soil, water, aquatic ecosystem, and humans. Thus, selective and cost-effective technology to address this challenge is highly desirable. Here, we report the fabrication of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane, modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) and a device thereof, for treatment of oil emulsions and recovery of precious fossil fuel. The modified PVA membranes are super-oleophobic with a high static underwater oil contact angle of 163 ± 3° for motor oil. Investigation of wetting properties suggests that the membrane can efficiently separate different oils such as sesame oil, motor oil, mustard oil, and sunflower oil from their emulsions. The motor oil emulsion with separation efficiency of >99% at an excellent permeate flux of 5128 L/m2·h·bar has been achieved. Thus, the prepared modified PVA membrane construes an easy solution for not only effective treatment of oily wastewater but also for oil recovery with high flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmveer Yadav
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India.
| | - Arthi Karunanithi
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India
| | - Sumit Saxena
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India; Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India; Water Innovation Center: Technology Research & Education, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India
| | - Shobha Shukla
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India; Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India; Water Innovation Center: Technology Research & Education, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH 400076, India.
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Tian N, Wu S, Han G, Zhang Y, Li Q, Dong T. Biomass-derived oriented neurovascular network-like superhydrophobic aerogel as robust and recyclable oil droplets captor for versatile oil/water separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127393. [PMID: 34656938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using tubular kapok fibers (KF) and sodium alginate (SA) as the natural building block, we put forward a novel oriented neurovascular network-like superhydrophobic aerogel with robust dry and wet compression resilience by directional freeze-drying and chemical vapor deposition. In the block, SA forms aligned channel structures providing space for rapid oil transmission, while KF serves as vascular-like capillaries acting as instant "tentacle" to capture the tiny oil droplets in water, facilitating fascinating oil capture efficiency for versatile oil/water separation, The aerogel after dry and wet compression (under a strain of 60%) can recover 96.0% and 97.3% its original, respectively, facilitating stable oil recovery (81.1-89.8%) by squeezing, high separation efficiency (99.04-99.64%) and permeation flux separating oil contaminants from water. A pump-supported experiment shows the aerogel efficiently collecting oil contaminants from the water's surface and bottom by 11503-25611 L·m-2·h-1. Particularly, the aerogel as robust oil droplets captor facilely achieves isolation of 99.39-99.68% emulsified oils from oil/water emulsions by novel oil trapping mechanism which simply involves exerting kinetic energy on emulsified oils through repeated oscillation, potentially indicating a simple and efficient alternative to membrane-based oily wastewater remediation via filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Guangting Han
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ting Dong
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, #308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, PR China.
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Habibi N, Pourjavadi A. Thermally Conductive and Superhydrophobic Polyurethane Sponge for Solar-Assisted Separation of High-Viscosity Crude Oil from Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7329-7339. [PMID: 35089699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and effective separation of high-viscosity heavy crude oil from seawater is a worldwide challenge. Herein, an ultralow density, photothermal, superhydrophobic, and thermally conductive polyurethane/polyaniline/hexagonal boron nitride@Fe3O4/polyacrylic-oleic acid resin sponge (PU/PANI/h-BN@Fe3O4/AR) was fabricated with a water contact angle (WCA) of 158°, thermal conductivity of 0.76 W m-1 K-1, density of 0.038 g cm-3, limited oxygen index (LOI) of 28.82%, and porosity of 97.97% and used for solar-assisted separation of high-viscosity crude oil from water. Photothermal components were composed of PANI and Fe3O4, while h-BN particles were used as thermally conductive and flame retardant fillers. Therefore, the illuminated sunlight irradiation on the modified sponge was converted to heat due to the activity of photothermal components. The produced heat was rapidly transferred to the environment due to the presence of h-BN for increasing the temperature of the high-viscosity crude oil and reducing oil viscosity that helped to promote its fluidity and effective absorption. The crude oil absorption capacity of this sponge increased from 4 to 57 g g-1 under irradiation of a sunlight simulator (power: 1 sun: 1 kW m-2) for 17 min due to oil viscosity reduction from 2.46 × 104 to below 100 mPa s followed by an increase in the surface temperature from 26 to 89 °C. Also, the oil absorption capacity was evaluated in a static state (172 g g-1 for chloroform), under different external magnetic fields (140.7 g g-1 for gasoline), and in a continuous state, which was 65,100 times of its own weight in the gasoline filtration process. The PU/PANI/h-BN@Fe3O4/AR sponge exhibited excellent stability against 20 times of reusing, mechanical compression, abrasion, immersing in various pH solutions, seawater, and high temperature. In all, the results confirmed that the prepared sponge is an excellent absorbent for organic solvents and highly viscous crude oil in the absence and presence of sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Habibi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9516, Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9516, Iran
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Sookhak Lari K, Davis GB, Rayner JL. Towards a digital twin for characterising natural source zone depletion: A feasibility study based on the Bemidji site. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117853. [PMID: 34800855 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) may be a valid long-term management option at petroleum impacted sites. However, its future long-term reliability needs to be established. NSZD includes partitioning, biotic and abiotic degradation of LNAPL components plus multiphase fluid dynamics in the subsurface. Over time, LNAPL components are depleted and those partitioning to various phases change, as do those available for biodegradation. To accommodate these processes and predict trends and NSZD over decades to centuries, for the first time, we incorporated a multi-phase multi-component multi-microbe non-isothermal approach to representatively simulate NSZD at field scale. To validate the approach we successfully mimic data from the LNAPL release at the Bemidji site. We simulate the entire depth of saturated and unsaturated zones over the 27 years of post-release measurements. The study progresses the idea of creating a generic digital twin of NSZD processes and future trends. Outcomes show the feasibility and affordability of such detailed computational approaches to improve decision-making for site management and restoration strategies. The study provided a basis to progress a computational digital twin for complex subsurface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Sookhak Lari
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Greg B Davis
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia; School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley,WA 6009, Australia
| | - John L Rayner
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
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Haule K, Toczek H, Borzycka K, Darecki M. Influence of Dispersed Oil on the Remote Sensing Reflectance-Field Experiment in the Baltic Sea. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175733. [PMID: 34502624 PMCID: PMC8433976 DOI: 10.3390/s21175733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing techniques currently used to detect oil spills have not yet demonstrated their applicability to dispersed forms of oil. However, oil droplets dispersed in seawater are known to modify the local optical properties and, consequently, the upwelling light flux. Theoretically possible, passive remote detection of oil droplets was never tested in the offshore conditions. This study presents a field experiment which demonstrates the capability of commercially available sensors to detect significant changes in the remote sensing reflectance Rrs of seawater polluted by six types of dispersed oils (two crude oils, cylinder lubricant, biodiesel, and two marine gear lubricants). The experiment was based on the comparison of the upwelling radiance Lu measured in a transparent tank floating in full immersion in seawater in the Southern Baltic Sea. The tank was first filled with natural seawater and then polluted by dispersed oils in five consecutive concentrations of 1–15 ppm. After addition of dispersed oils, spectra of Rrs noticeably increased and the maximal increase varied from 40% to over three-fold at the highest oil droplet concentration. Moreover, the most affected Rrs band ratios and band differences were analyzed and are discussed in the context of future construction of algorithms for dispersed oil detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Haule
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-125 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-791-869-071
| | - Henryk Toczek
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-125 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Karolina Borzycka
- Department of Marine Physics, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland; (K.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Mirosław Darecki
- Department of Marine Physics, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland; (K.B.); (M.D.)
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What Helps Oiled Wildlife Responders Care for Animals While Minimizing Stress and Compassion Fatigue. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071952. [PMID: 34208850 PMCID: PMC8300221 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An oil spill can have severe environmental effects, as well as impacting the wellbeing of first responders. Oiled wildlife responders are a key professional group for the identification of wildlife at risk and to provide measures to rescue, rehabilitate and release wildlife back to their clean habitat. Currently, there is limited information documenting impacts to responders’ mental health during a spill response relating to stress, burnout and compassion fatigue; thus, there are limited interventions and strategies that can support responders and address these issues. A survey for oiled wildlife responders who participated in either the New Zealand MV Rena incident or the US Refugio pipeline oil spill was instigated to investigate and contribute to this knowledge gap. Results indicated that to support the health and wellbeing of oiled wildlife responders and sustain them to provide the best achievable care for oiled wildlife, ongoing professional training supported by organizations and professional networks in the areas of emergency preparedness, resilience, self-care and capacity building should be made available to enhance compassion satisfaction and role fulfilment. Abstract Oil spills are environmental disasters and their long-term impact is not just a concern for the environment and economy, but also for first responders’ health and wellbeing. Wildlife, such as aquatic birds and certain marine mammals, are highly susceptible to physiological effects of oiling, and oiled wildlife responders are crucial to provide measures for their survival. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of oiled wildlife responders and what factors and conditions have helped or inhibited the responders to care-affected wildlife. This study collected responses (n = 50) from a survey of responders who attended either the New Zealand MV Rena or US Refugio pipeline oil spills. Study participants were mostly older (>40), highly educated females. We found there were significant differences in compassion satisfaction, resilience, burnout and overall satisfaction based on age, gender and role. While most responders have only attended limited numbers of oil spill incidents, they reported positive experiences and found it rewarding. Findings from responders indicated that to lessen stress and compassion fatigue during an incident, provision of training and support from professional organizations equips responders with knowledge and skills that can support their personal resilience to respond to disaster events.
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