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Ding J, Sun Y, Mortimer M, Guo LH, Yang F. Enantiomer-specific burden of metalaxyl and myclobutanil in non-occupationally exposed population with evidence from dietary intake and urinary excretion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115623. [PMID: 37890250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl (MET) and myclobutanil (MYC) are two widely used chiral fungicides that may pose health risks to non-occupationally exposed populations. Here, the two fungicides were enantiomer-specific quantified in the dietary food and urine of residents in an Eastern China city, to determine the exposure and excretion of these contaminants in different populations. Results indicate that residues of MET and MYC varied with different food items at 0.42-0.86 ng/g fresh weight (FW) and 0.18-0.33 ng/g FW, respectively. In urine samples, the residual levels after creatinine adjusting (CR) ranged from 10.2 to 1715.4 ng/g CR for MET and were below the detection limit up to 320.7 ng/g CR for MYC. Significant age- and gender-related differences were separately found in urinary MET and MYC of different populations. Monte-Carlo simulations suggested that children had higher daily dietary intake (DDI) but lower urinary excretion (DUE) rates than youths, and thus may suffer higher body burdens. The residues of antifungally ineffective enantiomers (S-MET and R-MYC) were slightly higher than their antipodes in foods. Moreover, the enantiomer-selective urinary excretion resulted in higher retention of S-MET and R-MYC in the human body. Our results suggest that both dietary intake and urinary excretion should be enantiomer-specifically considered when assessing the exposure risk and body burden of chiral fungicides in the non-occupationally exposed population. Furthermore, substitutive application of enantiomer-enriched fungicide formulations can not only benefit the antifungal efficacy but also be safer for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Ding
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Innovation center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314100 Jiashan, China.
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Liu F, Zhang G, Zhang C, Zhou W, Xu X, Shou Q, Yuan F, Li Q, Huang H, Hu J, Jiang W, Qin J, Ye W, Dai P. Pesticide exposure and forage shortage in rice cropping system prevents honey bee colony establishment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115097. [PMID: 36566965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the key stable crops to feed half of the world's population, how rice cropping system affects honey bee health regarding pesticide exposure and forage availability is under investigated. We predicted honey bees were stressed by high pesticide exposure and forage dearth in monoculture rice systems. Providing access to natural habitats is a typical approach to mitigate the negative impact of intensive agriculture on honey bees. We aimed to determine if bee colonies located in landscapes with more cover of forest habitat would collect more forage and be exposed to less pesticides. We selected beekeeping locations in rice dominated landscapes (as control), mosaic landscapes of rice and medium woodland (MW) cover, and landscapes of high woodland (HW) cover, respectively, in July when rice starts bloom and pesticides are commonly used. Colonies were inspected at a biweekly frequency from July to October with population growth and forage (nectar and pollen) availability estimated. Pollen and bees were collected in middle August for pesticide exposure analysis. We did not observe enhancement in forage availability and reduction in pesticide exposure in landscapes with increased forest habitat (i.e., MW or HW cover), and all colonies failed in the end. Other natural habitats that can supplement flower shortage periods in forest can be considered for supporting bee health. Our results suggest that forest should be carefully assessed for being incorporated into beekeeping management or pollinator conservation when forest phenology can be a factor to affect its impact as a natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Chuanlian Zhang
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Zhou
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijian Xu
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyi Shou
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Huang
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Qin
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericultural and Apiculture, Mengzi, Yunnan, 661101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuguang Ye
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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Chai Y, Liu R, Du X, Yuan L. Dissipation and Residue of Metalaxyl-M and Azoxystrobin in Scallions and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185822. [PMID: 36144556 PMCID: PMC9506456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin have been used to control various fungal diseases on scallion and other crops. In view of the adverse toxic effects of both on the mammalian liver, it is necessary to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of their dietary exposure to consumers. The residues of metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin on scallion were determined by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The half-lives were about 1.15 and 3.89 days, respectively, and the final residues after a seven-day harvest interval were <0.001−0.088 mg/kg and 0.190−4.687 mg/kg, respectively. The cumulative dietary risk quotient of the two fungicides to Chinese consumers calculated by the probability model is 13.94%~41.25%. According to the results of the contribution analysis, the risk posed by azoxystrobin is much greater than that of metalaxyl-M. Although metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin do not pose a cumulative risk to Chinese consumers, the risk to children and adolescents is significantly higher than that to adults. This suggests that in future research, more consideration should be given to the cumulative risk of compounds to vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Chai
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Du
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (L.Y.)
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (L.Y.)
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