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Buitrago-Cortes J, Sarazin P, Dieme D, Côté J, Ouellet C, El Majidi N, Bouchard M. Follow-up Biomonitoring Study of Metal Exposure in Apprentice Welders in Montreal, Quebec, During Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04354-7. [PMID: 39212818 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Welding activities are known to expose workers to metal fumes, but few studies have focused on assessing the internal exposure of apprentices in learning environments. This study aimed at determining internal doses of metals in apprentices performing gas metal arc welding (GMAW) during their training course. A total of 85 apprentice welders were assessed, and multi-elements were measured in urine, hair, fingernail, and toenail samples collected at the beginning of the program, and at the beginning and end of GMAW practical training. Concentrations of welding fumes and metals were also determined in personal respirable air samples. Serial measurements of metal concentrations in urine and hair, which reflect more recent exposure, showed an increase in arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) (and to a lesser extent nickel (Ni)) levels at the end of the GMAW process. Metal concentrations in fingernails and toenails showed a time-dependent increase in Fe, Mn, and Ni (and to a lesser extent cobalt (Co)) levels, reflecting cumulative exposure. Levels of Mn and Fe were high in personal air samples with respective median concentrations (95th percentiles) of 21 (300) and 230 (1900) µg/m3. Results show that even short-term exposure to welding fumes in a learning environment leads to a significant increase in absorbed metal doses, particularly for Fe and Mn. This follow-up study confirmed the interest and usefulness of measuring multi-elements in multiple matrices to assess internal exposure to welding fumes and its applicability to occupational or even population exposure to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Buitrago-Cortes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarazin
- Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Denis Dieme
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Capucine Ouellet
- Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Naïma El Majidi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Cortes JB, Sarazin P, Dieme D, Côté J, Ouellet C, El Majidi N, Bouchard M. Biomonitoring of exposure to multiple metal components in urine, hair and nails of apprentice welders performing shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117361. [PMID: 37844685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes are associated with various diseases. Increased air levels of metals were reported during welding. However, few multielement biomonitoring studies were conducted to assess the actual dose of metal components absorbed in apprentice welders in a learning environment. This research aimed to establish the nature and level of exposure to welding fumes and their metallic components in apprentice welders performing 'Shielded Metal Arc Welding' (SMAW), based on multi-element and multi-matrix analyses. A total of 86 apprentice welders were recruited in three different schools in Montreal, Québec, Canada. Twenty-one elements were measured in urine, hair, fingernail, and toenail samples collected at the beginning of the program and at the end of SMAW practical training. Concentrations of welding fumes and 12 metals were also determined in personal respirable air samples collected over a typical workday in a subgroup of 19 apprentices. Levels of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) in urine and Mn in hair were higher in samples taken at the end of the SMAW module compared to the beginning of training, while there was no significant difference for the other elements or for nail concentrations. Geometric mean concentrations [5th-95th percentiles] reached 0.31 [0.032-2.84], 9.4 [3.1-51] and 0.87 [0.35-3.1] μg/g creat. in post-shift urine, respectively, for Mn, Fe and Ni, and 0.37 [0.46-6.4] μg Mn/g hair at the end of SWAW. Median concentrations [5th-95th percentiles] were 29 [4.6-1200], 120 [27-3100] and 0.31 [
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Buitrago Cortes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarazin
- Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, Québec, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Denis Dieme
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Capucine Ouellet
- Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, Québec, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Naïma El Majidi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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3
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Xia L, Park JH, Biggs K, Lee CG, Liao L, Shannahan JH. Compositional variations in metal nanoparticle components of welding fumes impact lung epithelial cell toxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:735-757. [PMID: 37485994 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2238209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes contain harmful metals and gas by-products associated with development of lung dysfunction, asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Two prominent welding fume particulate metal components are nanosized iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) which might induce oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in pulmonary injury. Welding fume toxicity may be dependent upon metal nanoparticle (NP) components. To examine toxicity of welding fume NP components, a system was constructed for controlled and continuous NP generation from commercial welding and customized electrodes with varying proportions of Fe and Mn. Aerosols generated consisted of nanosized particles and were compositionally consistent with each electrode. Human alveolar lung A459 epithelial cells were exposed to freshly generated metal NP mixtures at a target concentration of 100 µg/m3 for 6 hr and then harvested for assessment of cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alterations in the expression of genes and proteins involved in metal regulation, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. Aerosol exposures decreased cell viability and induced increased ROS production. Assessment of gene expression demonstrated variable up-regulation in cellular mechanisms related to metal transport and storage, inflammation, and oxidative stress based upon aerosol composition. Specifically, interleukin-8 (IL-8) demonstrated the most robust changes in both transcriptional and protein levels after exposure. Interleukin-8 has been determined to serve as a primary cytokine mediating inflammatory responses induced by welding fume exposures in alveolar epithelial cells. Overall, this study demonstrated variations in cellular responses to metal NP mixtures suggesting compositional variations in NP content within welding fumes may influence inhalation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Katelyn Biggs
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Li Liao
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Čargonja M, Mekterović D, Žurga P, Ravlić-Gulan J, Radović IB, Žauhar G. Deposition of heavy metals in biological tissues of workers in metal workshops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36794-36806. [PMID: 36562973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Welding and cutting of metals produce large amounts of particulate matter (PM), which poses a significant health risk to exposed workers. Appropriate biological markers to estimate exposure are of great interest for occupational health and safety. Here, hair and nail samples from metal workers were analyzed, which appear to be more suitable than blood or urine samples for assessing long-term exposure. Four workshops working with steel components were included in the study. The hair and nail samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the concentrations of 12 elements. At the workplaces, the concentrations of 15 elements in particulate matter were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) techniques. The hair and nail samples of the workers contained significantly higher metal concentrations than the analytical results of a nonexposed control group. The most significant difference between the groups was found for Ti, Mn, Fe, and Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Čargonja
- Faculty of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Darko Mekterović
- Faculty of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Paula Žurga
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Ravlić-Gulan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Gordana Žauhar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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Liu Y, Huang H, Li L, Jiang W, Liu Z. An arc profile-based approach to evaluate gas pollutants in welding. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18764-18776. [PMID: 36219285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Welding is widely used to make assembly of structural components and it will trigger serious environmental pollution, especially waste gas, i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). It is hard to accurately measure gas pollutants because of their fluidity and diffusivity. However, the pollutants could be evaluated by exploring its generation procedure, i.e., how these pollutants are produced and how to quantify these pollutants. In this paper, an arc profile-based approach to evaluate the emissions of gas pollutants in welding was proposed. The emission of gas pollutants in welding can be calculated according to the chemical reaction and corresponding reaction condition, i.e., the intensity of discharge that determines the coverage volume of the welding arc. To obtain the coverage volume, the welding arc was observed using a high-speed camera and the arc edge was extracted and reconstructed by a binarization processing based method. A welding experiment was performed for recording the arc shape and measuring the emission of gas pollutants. Results show that the measured concentrations of NOx and O3 are 70% and 79% of the calculated emissions of gas pollutants, respectively. It demonstrates the proposed method is credible and feasible, which can help quantitatively analyze the emission of gas pollutants. Meanwhile, the influence of welding time, welding current, and arc length on the emission of gas pollutants was investigated for lowering emission of gas pollution in welding, in order to support the development of sustainable manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Industry, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Industry, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Industry, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Industry, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacturing of Mechanical Industry, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
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Pikula K, Kirichenko K, Chernousov V, Parshin S, Masyutin A, Parshina Y, Pogodaev A, Gridasov A, Tsatsakis A, Golokhvast K. The Impact of Metal-Based Nanoparticles Produced by Different Types of Underwater Welding on Marine Microalgae. TOXICS 2023; 11:105. [PMID: 36850981 PMCID: PMC9966890 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Underwater wet welding is commonly used in joining pipelines and in underwater construction. Harmful and hazardous compounds are added to many flux-cored wires for underwater welding and cutting, and can have a negative impact on marine life. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of two suspension samples obtained using welding electrode and flux-cored wire in marine microalgae Attheya ussuriensis and Porphyridium purpureum. Growth rate inhibition, cell size, and biochemical changes in microalgae were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results of the bioassay demonstrated that the suspension obtained after welding with electrode had an acute toxic impact on diatomic microalgae A. ussuriensis, and both tested suspensions revealed chronic toxicity in this microalga with a 40% growth rate inhibition after exposure to 40-50% of prepared suspensions for 7 days. Red algae P. purpureum revealed tolerance to both suspensions caused by exopolysaccharide covering, which prevents the toxic impact of metal cations such as Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Zn, which are considered the main toxic components of underwater welding emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kirichenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya Str., Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chernousov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya Str., Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
| | - Sergey Parshin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Alexander Masyutin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia Parshina
- St. Petersburg University, 7–9 Universitetskaya Embankment, Str., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Pogodaev
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Alexander Gridasov
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya Str., Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
- Medical School, University of Crete, 13 Andrea Kalokerinou, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya Str., Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
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Kuppusamy Vellingiri SK, Manoharan D, Ponnusamy S, Kettimuthu Ramadass U, Dhanabalaselvan V. Assessment of welding fume impacts in a confined workplace by two extraction patterns - a case study of small-scale manufacturing industries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10037-10051. [PMID: 36066794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Welding fume exposure at work is recognized as a known concern for public health. This study aims to assess the welding fumes produced during welding using two different extraction patterns and to compare their influences. A thorough assessment of domestic arc welders in the erode district of India was done to assess their exposure to welding gases. The survey results chose the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process for future investigation. The stainless-steel grade SS 316 L was used in this study. To weld 3-mm, 5-mm, and 6-mm-thick stainless-steel specimens, ER316 L filler wire and four shielding gas compositions were used. Two distinct, cost-effective welding hoods with a square duct section and a conical duct section were constructed to examine welding gases. The produced fume was collected on a 240 mm glass fibre filter and re-weighted during welding. Gas flow rates of 5, 10, and 15 LPM were investigated, with current intensities of 150A, 200A, and 275A. A novel attempt has been made to compare fume formation rates (FFR) obtained using two extraction patterns. According to this investigation, weld fume hoods with conical duct sections extract more welding gases than square duct sections. The extraction rate using two extraction patterns was compared. Furthermore, the addition of CO2 to any shielding gas mixture results in a higher fume formation rate. The experimental FFR values were quite close to the American Welding Society (AWS) specifications. This finding also revealed that welders' socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, marital status, level of education, and work experience, influenced their awareness of occupational hazards and personal protection equipment (PPEs). As a result, there should be a strong emphasis on hazard identification education and strict enforcement of proper PPEs use among small-scale welders in and around the erode district to protect welders from a variety of hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dharmaraj Manoharan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Perundurai, 638057, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Vishal Dhanabalaselvan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, U.G. Scholar, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, Tamilnadu, India
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8
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Kővágó C, Szekeres B, Szűcs-Somlyó É, Májlinger K, Jerzsele Á, Lehel J. Preliminary study to investigate the distribution and effects of certain metals after inhalation of welding fumes in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49147-49160. [PMID: 35212899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The most important welding processes used are the gas metal arc (GMA) welding, the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, and the manual metal arc (MMA) welding processes. The goal of our investigation was to monitor the distribution of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the lung, spleen, liver, and kidney of mice after inhalation exposure of different welding methods using different steel base materials. The treatment groups were the following: MMA-mild steel, MMA-molybdenum-manganese (MoMn) alloy, TIG-mild steel, and TIG-stainless steel. The samples were taken 24 and 96 h after the treatments. Most importantly, it was found that the Mn concentration in the lung' samples of the MMA-mild steel and the MMA-MoMn groups was increased extremely at both sampling times and in the spleen' samples also. In the TIG groups, the rise of the Mn concentration was only considerable in the lungs and spleens at 24 h, and emerged concentration was found in the liver in 96 h samples. Histopathology demonstrated emerged siderin content in the spleens of the treated animals and in siderin filled macrophages in the lungs mostly in all treated groups. Traces of high-level glycogen retention was found in the MMA groups at both sampling times. Similar glycogen retention in TIG-Ms and TIG stainless group's liver samples and emerged number of vacuoles, especially in the hepatocytes of the TIG-stainless steel 96 h group were also found. The mentioned results raise the consequence that there is a considerable difference in the kinetics of the Mn distribution between the MMA- and the TIG-fume-treated groups. Hence, the result suggests that manganese has a particle-size-dependent toxico-kinetics property. The anomaly of the glycogen metabolism indicates the systemic effect of the welding fumes. Also, the numerous vacuoles mentioned above show a possible liver-specific adverse effect of some components of the TIG-stainless steel welding fumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Kővágó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Éva Szűcs-Somlyó
- Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Májlinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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León-Mejía G, Quintana-Sosa M, Luna-Carrascal J, De Moya YS, Luna Rodríguez I, Anaya-Romero M, Trindade C, Navarro-Ojeda N, Ruiz Benitez M, Franco Valencia K, Oliveros Ortíz L, Acosta-Hoyos A, Pêgas Henriques JA, da Silva J. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-CYT) assay and its relationship with genetic polymorphisms in welders. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503417. [PMID: 34798937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fumes generated in the welding process are composed of micrometric and nanometric particles that form when metal fumes condense. The International Agency for Research on Cancer established that many compounds derived from the welding process are carcinogenic to humans. Still, there are few studies related to the role of genetic polymorphisms. This work aimed to analyze the influence of OGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg280His, XRCC1 Arg194Thr, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met, GSTM1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on DNA damage of 98 subjects occupationally exposed to welding fumes and 100 non exposed individuals. The results showed that individuals exposed to welding fumes with XRCC3 Thr241Thr, XRCC3 Thr241Met, and GSTM1 null genotypes demonstrated a significantly higher micronucleus frequency in lymphocytes. In contrast, individuals with XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC1 Gln399Gln genotypes had significant levels of NPBs. OGG1 326 Ser/Cys, OGG1 326 Cys/Cys, XRCC1 194Arg/Thr, XRCC1 194Thr/Thr, and GSTT1 null genotypes exhibited significantly higher apoptotic values. Also, XRCC1 194Arg/Trp, XRCC1 194Thr/Thr, and GSTM1 null genotype carriers had higher necrotic levels compared to XRCC1 194Arg/Arg and GSTM1 nonnull carriers. Compositional analysis revealed the presence of iron, manganese, silicon as well as particles smaller than 2 μm that adhere to each other and form agglomerates. These results may be associated with a mixture of components, such as nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and metallic fumes, leading to significant DNA damage and cell death processes. These findings demonstrated the importance of the association between individual susceptibility and DNA damage levels due to occupational exposure to welding fumes; and constitute one of the first studies carried out in exposed workers from Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jaime Luna-Carrascal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yurina Sh De Moya
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ibeth Luna Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marco Anaya-Romero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Nebis Navarro-Ojeda
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ludis Oliveros Ortíz
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) & Universidade La Salle (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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