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Yang YX, Meng LL, Zhou S, Xia M, Bate B. The physicochemical interacting mechanisms and real-time spectral induced polarization monitoring of lead remediation by an aeolian soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134744. [PMID: 38850933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Compared to traditional lead-remediating materials, natural-occurring paleosol is ubiquitous and could be a promising alternative due to its rich content in calcite, a substance known for its lead-removal ability via carbonate dissolution-PbCO3 precipitation process. Yet, the capability of paleosol to remediate aqueous solutions polluted with heavy metals, lead included, has rarely been assessed. To fill this gap, a series of column permeation experiments with influent Pb2+ concentrations of 2000, 200, and 20 mg/L were conducted and monitored by the spectral induced polarization technique. Meanwhile, the SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR and MIP tests were carried out to unveil the underlying remediation mechanisms. The Pb-retention capacity of paleosol was 1.03 mmol/g. The increasing abundance of Pb in the newly-formed crystals was confirmed to be PbCO3 by XRD, SEM-EDS and XPS. Concurrently, after Pb2+ permeation, the decreasing calcite content in paleosol sample from XRD test, and the appearance of Ca2+ in the effluent confirmed that the dissolution of CaCO3 followed by the precipitation of PbCO3 was the major mechanism. The accumulated Pb (i.e., the diminished Ca) in paleosol was inversely proportional (R2 >0.82) to the normalized chargeability (mn), an SIP parameter denoting the quantity of polarizable units (primarily calcite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Yang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Meng
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Xia
- The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co., Ltd, China
| | - Bate Bate
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Sellamuthu S, Chowdhury ZZ, Khalid K, Shibly SM, Rahman MM, Rana M, Badruddin IA, Khaleed HMT, Kamangar S, Johan MRB, Hussein M, Mitra A, Faisal AN. Mathematical Modelling and Optimization for Facile Synthesis of Structured Activated Carbon (ACs) from Adansonia kilima ( Baobab) Wood Chips Integrating Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis for the Elimination of Lead (II) Cations from Wastewater Effluents. Molecules 2023; 28:6640. [PMID: 37764415 PMCID: PMC10536714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from ligno-cellulosic residues of Adansonia kilima (Baobab) wood chips (AKTW) using two-step semi-carbonization and subsequent pyrolysis using microwave-induced heating (MWP) in the presence of a mild activating agent of K2CO3. The influence of process input variables of microwave power (x1), residence time (y1), and amount of K2CO3 (z1) were analysed to yield superior quality carbon having maximum removal efficiencies (R1) for lead (II) cations from waste effluents, fixed carbon percentages (R2), and carbon yield percentages (R3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to develop relevant mathematical models, with an appropriate statistical assessment of errors. Level factorial response surface methodology (RSM) relying on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented for the experimental design. The surface area and porous texture of the samples were determined using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) adsorption/desorption curves based on the N2 isotherm. Surface morphological structure was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to observe the thermal stability of the sample. Change in the carbon content of the samples was determined using ultimate analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to observe the crystalline and amorphous texture of the samples. The retention of a higher proportion of fixed carbon (80.01%) ensures that the synthesized adsorbent (AKTWAC) will have a greater adsorption capacity while avoiding unwanted catalytic activity for our synthesized final sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Sellamuthu
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Khalisanni Khalid
- Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Shahjalal Mohd. Shibly
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Md Mahfujur Rahman
- Institute of Halal Management, Islamic Business School, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah 06010, Malaysia
| | - Masud Rana
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. M. T. Khaleed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Madinah Munawwarra 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Rafie Bin Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Chiemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajita Mitra
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Abu Nasser Faisal
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
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Slimane Ben Ali D, Krid F, Nacef M, Boussaha EH, Chelaghmia ML, Tabet H, Selaimia R, Atamnia A, Affoune AM. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus elastica extract for the electrochemical simultaneous detection of Cd 2+, Pb 2+, and Hg 2. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18734-18747. [PMID: 37346942 PMCID: PMC10281342 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, we report the use of a new carbon paste electrode based on a low-cost pencil graphite powder modified with polyaniline (PANI) and green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus elastica extract as a sensor for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The elaborated electrode was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and simultaneous thermal analysis (TGA/DSC). The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. According to CV, as well as square wave voltammetry (SWV) results, it was found that the CuONPs/PANI-CPE sensor was able to determine very low concentrations of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ in HCl (0.01 M) either in single metal or in multi-metal solutions with a high sensitivity. Furthermore, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ simultaneous detection on CuONPs/PANI-CPE achieved very low limits of detection (0.11, 0.16, and 0.07 μg L-1, respectively). Besides, the designed sensor displayed a good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Moreover, CuONPs/PANI-CPE enabled us to determine with high accuracy Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ traces in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djihane Slimane Ben Ali
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- LRPCSI-Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Ferial Krid
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, LGCE Algeria
| | - Mouna Nacef
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - El Hadi Boussaha
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Mohamed Lyamine Chelaghmia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - Habiba Tabet
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, LGCE Algeria
| | - Radia Selaimia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
| | - Amira Atamnia
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Université 20 Août 1955 El Hadaik Road Skikda 21000 Algeria
- LRPCSI-Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda 21000 Algeria
| | - Abed Mohamed Affoune
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000 Algeria
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Fal S, Aasfar A, Ouhssain A, Choukri H, Smouni A, El Arroussi H. Aphanothece sp. as promising biostimulant to alleviate heavy metals stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by enhancing physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6875. [PMID: 37106012 PMCID: PMC10140289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals (H.M) are a major environmental concern around the world. They have harmful impact on plant productivity and pose a serious risk to humans and animals health. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Aphanothece crude extract (ACE) on physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of tomato plant exposed to 2 mM Pb and Cd. The results showed a significant reduction of tomato plant weights and perturbation in nutrients absorption under 2 mM Pb and Cd conditions. Moreover, ACE treatment showed a significant enhancement of plant biomass compared to plants under Pb and Cd. On the other hand, ACE application favoured H.M accumulation in root and inhibited their translocation to shoot. In addition, ACE treatment significantly enhanced several stress responses in plant under Pb and Cd stress such as scavenging enzymes and molecules: POD, CAT, SOD, proline, and polyphenols etc. Furthermore, ACE treatment showed remodulation of metabolic pathways related to plant tolerance such as wax construction mechanism, particularly SFA, UFA, VLFA, alkanes, alkenes, and sterols biosynthesis to enhance tolerance and resistance to H.M stress. In the present study, we emphasized that ACE alleviates H.M stress by minimizing metal translocation to above-part of plant and enhancing plant growth, nutrients absorption, and biochemical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Fal
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Design Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abderrahim Aasfar
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Design Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouhssain
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Design Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abelaziz Smouni
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Design Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Ahmed S, Amjad M, Sardar R, Siddiqui MH, Irfan M. Seed Priming with Triacontanol Alleviates Lead Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Common Bean) through Improving Nutritional Orchestration and Morpho-Physiological Characteristics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1672. [PMID: 37111895 PMCID: PMC10145083 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, crop productivity is highly influenced by heavy metal toxicity. Lead (Pb) the is second-most toxic heavy metal that has high persistence in soil. Lead is translocated in plants from rhizosphere soil and enters the food chain, where it poses a significant hazard to the health of humans. In the present investigation, seed priming with triacontanol (Tria) was used to mitigate Pb phytotoxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Seeds were primed with different concentrations of Tria (control, 10 µmol L-1, 20 µmol L-1, 30 µmol L-1) solutions. The pot experiment was carried out by sowing Tria-primed seeds in contaminated soil with 400 mg kg-1 Pb. Lead alone induced a decrease in the rate of germination and a significant reduction in biomass and growth of P. vulgaris as compared to the control. All these negative effects were reversed by Tria-primed seeds. Proliferation of photosynthetic pigments was observed 1.8-fold by Tria under Pb stress. Primed seeds with 20 µmol L-1 Tria enhanced stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (Ei), and uptake of mineral contents (Mg+2, Zn+2, Na+, and K+) and reduced Pb accumulation in seedlings. Tria caused a 1.3-fold increase in osmotic regulator proline synthesis to alleviate Pb stress. Phenolics, soluble protein, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were enhanced by Tria application, suggesting that exogenous Tria could be employed to improve plant tolerance to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Amjad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Tian XY, Sun MW, Wen GY, Cao M, Pan DW, Xie R, Ju XJ, Liu Z, Wang W, Chu LY. Ultrasensitive hydrogel grating detector for real-time continuous-flow detection of trace threat Pb 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130289. [PMID: 36345059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive real-time detection of trace Pb2+ in continuous flow is vital to effectively and timely eliminate the potential hazards to ecosystem health and sustainability. This work reports on a micro-structured smart hydrogel grating with ultra-sensitivity, high selectivity, good transparency and mechanical property for real-time detection of Pb2+ in continuous flow. The hydrogel grating possesses uniform surface relief microstructures with periodic nano-height ridges made of poly(acrylamide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide) networks that crosslinked by tetra-arm star poly(ethylene glycol)acrylamide. The hydrogel grating with good optical transparency and mechanical property can change its height via selective host-guest complexation with Pb2+ to output a changed diffraction efficiency. Meanwhile, the periodic nano-ridges with large specific area benefit the contact with Pb2+ for fast Pb2+-induced height change. Thus, with such rationally designed molecular structures and surface relief microstructures, the hydrogel grating integrated in a glass-based mini-chip allows real-time detection of Pb2+ in continuous flow with ultra-sensitivity and high selectivity. The hydrogel grating detector can achieve ultralow detection limit (10-9 M Pb2+), fast response (2 min), and selective detection of Pb2+ from dozens of interfering ions even with high concentrations. This high-performance hydrogel grating detector is general and can be extended to detect many analytes due to the wide choice of responsive hydrogels, thus opening new areas for creating advanced smart detectors in analytical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Meng-Wei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Guo-Yu Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Da-Wei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Mazumder MAJ, Chowdhury IR, Chowdhury S, Al-Ahmed A. Removal of Pb 2+ from water using the carbon nanotube-g-poly[(sodium methacrylate)-co- 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl acetoacetate]: experimental investigation and modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54432-54447. [PMID: 35304716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A solid polymer, poly[(sodium methacrylate)-co-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl acetoacetate], p(MAA-co-MEAA) was synthesized and then grafted onto carbon nanotubes to prepare poly(MAA-co-MEAA)-grafted carbon nanotubes [CNT-g-p(MAA-co-MEAA)]. NMR, TGA, and FT-IR characterized the synthesized polymers and adsorbents. SEM-EDX was used to investigate the surface characteristics of the adsorbents. Pb2+ was removed from the aqueous solution using the CNT-g-p(MAA-co-MEAA). A batch adsorption experiment was performed at different Pb2+ concentrations (1, 10, 25, 50 mg/L), pH (4 and 6.75), temperature (25 and 35 °C), and contact periods (1, 5, 20, 60, and 1440 min) to study the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. The adsorbent dose of 2.5 g/L could effectively lower the initial Pb2+ concentration of 1000 to 2 ppb. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 1178 mg/g. In addition, the adsorbents have been shown to effectively reduce the coexisting metal ion concentrations from industrial wastewater, which indicated the potential of the proposed adsorbent in removing metal ions from coexisting metals containing wastewater. To predict the adsorption efficiency of Pb2+, various linear, non-linear, and neural network models were established. An additional data set, not incorporated in model training, was used to validate the models. A number of models showed excellent performance with R2 in the range of 0.89-0.98. In model validation studies, the correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.94 to 0.99. The novel adsorbent and models will most likely aid in the development of a robust treatment technique for removing Pb2+ ions from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakhawat Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amir Al-Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Chowdhury IR, Chowdhury S, Mazumder MAJ, Al-Ahmed A. Removal of lead ions (Pb 2+) from water and wastewater: a review on the low-cost adsorbents. APPLIED WATER SCIENCE 2022; 12:185. [PMID: 35754932 PMCID: PMC9213643 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-022-01703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lead compounds in the environment is an issue. In particular, supply water consumption has been reported to be a significant source of human exposure to lead compounds, which can pose an elevated risk to humans. Due to its toxicity, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have classified lead (Pb) and its compounds as probable human carcinogens. The European Community Directive and World Health Organization have set the maximum acceptable lead limits in tap water as 10 µg/L. The USEPA has a guideline value of 15 µg/L in drinking water. Removal of lead ions from water and wastewater is of great importance from regulatory and health perspectives. To date, several hundred publications have been reported on the removal of lead ions from an aqueous solution. This study reviewed the research findings on the low-cost removal of lead ions using different types of adsorbents. The research achievements to date and the limitations were investigated. Different types of adsorbents were compared with respect to adsorption capacity, removal performances, sorbent dose, optimum pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time. The best adsorbents and the scopes of improvements were identified. The adsorption capacity of natural materials, industrial byproducts, agricultural waste, forest waste, and biotechnology-based adsorbents were in the ranges of 0.8-333.3 mg/g, 2.5-524.0 mg/g, 0.7-2079 mg/g, 0.4-769.2 mg/g, and 7.6-526.0 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency for these adsorbents was in the range of 13.6-100%. Future research to improve these adsorbents might assist in developing low-cost adsorbents for mass-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakhawat Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Al-Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
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