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Duan Y, Gao B, Liu J, Sillanpää M. The activation of peroxymonosulfate by biochar derived from anaerobic and aerobic iron-containing excess sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59027-59047. [PMID: 37000396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The excess sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants is rich in Fe (III) due to chemical dephosphorization. The activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by biochar derived from anaerobic and aerobic iron-containing excess sludge was studied systematically in this research. Fe (III)-containing excess sludge was cultured in an anaerobic environment for conversion of partial Fe (III) to Fe (II), which was further carbonized to prepare biochar labeled AnSx@Fe. Meanwhile, aerobic sludge with different Fe (III) content was directly carbonized to produce biochar labeled AeS@Fe. For biochar (AnS20@Fe-15%) prepared from 15% Fe(III)-containing anaerobic cultured 20 days sludge, the relative contents of Fe (III) and Fe (II) were 21.26% and 78.74%, which were 31.03% and 68.97% for biochar (AeS@Fe-10%) prepared from 10% Fe (III)-containing aerobic sludge. Fe (III) can be reduced to Fe (II) by both anaerobic culture and carbonization. Their removal rates of tetracycline (TC) through 60 min PMS activation were 97% and 98%, with TOC (Total organic carbon) removal of 61.8% and 53.4% respectively. The reactive species including sulfate radical [Formula: see text], hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were produced during PMS activation. After O2-aeration treatment of both AeS@Fe and AnSx@Fe, the relative content of Fe (II) was decreased and group C = O was disappeared, which resulted in reduction of [Formula: see text], ·OH and 1O2. The generation of [Formula: see text] and ·OH was dominated by the Fe (II) activation and the 1O2 generation was originated from graphite type N and C = O. Direct carbonization of aerobic and anaerobic sludge is a feasible method to produce biochar for PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Jiadong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
- Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. LTD, NO.588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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Zuo X, Jiang A, Zou S, Wu J, Ding B. Copper oxides activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of methylene blue via radical and nonradical pathways: surface structure and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13023-13038. [PMID: 36121633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A one-step hydrothermal method for preparation of copper oxides with different valences using ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent was developed for environmental remediation. The results suggested that the notable degradation performance of CuO0 may be attributable to the abundant active sites, such as Cu or Cu-O, and was not significantly related to the Cu valence state. In contrast to direct degradation of pollutants by traditional superoxide radicals (O2•-), O2•- played an important role in the reduction of high-valence Cu ions (Cu(III)). In addition, a series of radical quenching, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemical experiments validated the existence of direct electron transfer between methylene blue (MB) and PMS mediated by CuO0 and surface-bound radicals. The results suggested that the CuO0/PMS system may be less susceptible to diverse ions and natural organic matter other than dihydrogen phosphate anions. The mechanism of MB degradation under alkaline conditions was different from that under acidic conditions in that it was not reliant on radicals or charge transfer but direct oxidation by PMS. This study provides new insights into the heterogeneous processes involved in PMS activation by the copper oxides. Furthermore, this paper devotes to providing theoretical basis on pollutant removal via PMS activated by copper oxides and developing low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zuo
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyang Zou
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Junrong Wu
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingquan Ding
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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