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Ma X, Sha Z, Li Y, Si R, Tang A, Fangmeier A, Liu X. Temporal-spatial characteristics and sources of heavy metals in bulk deposition across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171903. [PMID: 38527555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industries, agriculture, and urbanization (including transportation and population growth), there has been a significant alteration in the emission and atmospheric deposition of heavy metal pollutants. This has consequently given rise to a range of ecological and environmental health issues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive two-year investigation on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition across China based on the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN). The atmospheric bulk deposition of Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) were 6.32 ± 1.59, 4.49 ± 0.57, 1.31 ± 0.21, 1.05 ± 0.16, 0.60 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.03 mg m-2 yr-1, respectively, with a large variation among the different regions of China. The order for atmospheric deposition flux was Southwest China > Southeast China > North China > Northeast China > Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and rural area > urban area > background area. The concentrations of heavy metals in bulk deposition exhibit seasonal variation with higher levels observed during winter compared to summer and spring, which are closely associated with anthropogenic activities. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) results indicated that combustion, industrial emissions and traffic are the primary contributors to atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. The single factor pollution index (Pi) of heavy metals is consistently below 1, and the composite pollution index (Ni) is 0.16 across China, indicating that atmospheric heavy metal deposition is at a pollution-free level. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of heavy metals is 11.8, with Cd exhibiting the highest single factor potential ecological risk index at 7.09, suggesting that more attention should be paid to Cd deposition in China. The present study reveals the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of atmospheric heavy metals deposition in China, identifying regional source characteristics and providing a theoretical foundation and strategies for reducing emissions of atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruotong Si
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Holme JA, Låg M, Skueland T, Parenicová M, Ciganek M, Penciková K, Grytting VS, Neca J, Øvrevik J, Mariussen E, Jørgensen RB, Refsnes M, Machala M. Characterization of elements, PAHs, AhR-activity and pro-inflammatory responses of road tunnel-derived particulate matter in human hepatocyte-like and bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105611. [PMID: 37164185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aims were to characterize the content of elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in size-separated particulate matter (PM) sampled in a road tunnel, estimate the contribution of PAHs to the toxic potential, and measure the pro-inflammatory potential of PM samples and extracts with increasing polarity. Several elements/metals previously associated with cytokine responses were found. Based on PAHs levels and published PAHs potency, the calculated mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of size-separated samples were somewhat lower for coarse than fine and ultrafine PM. The AhR-activity of the corresponding PM extracts measured in an AhR-luciferase reporter model (human hepatocytes) were more similar. The highest AhR-activity was found in the neutral (parent and alkylated PAHs) and polar (oxy-PAHs) fractions, while the semi-polar fractions (mono-nitrated-PAHs) had only weak activity. The neutral and polar aromatic fractions from coarse and fine PM were also found to induce higher pro-inflammatory responses and CYP1A1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) than the semi-polar fractions. Fine PM induced higher pro-inflammatory responses than coarse PM. AhR-inhibition reduced cytokine responses induced by parent PM and extracts of both size fractions. Contributors to the toxic potentials include PAHs and oxy-PAHs, but substantial contributions from other organic compounds and/or metals are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skueland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina Parenicová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Penciková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jiri Neca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikke Bramming Jørgensen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhou X, Lu L, Wang Y, Fang Y, Sun T. Spatial distribution and source analysis of airborne trace metal deposition using moss biomonitoring in Huai'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34022-34036. [PMID: 36504303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial mosses are tracers for studying atmospheric trace metal deposition and pollution. Here, Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cu, V, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, and Cd concentrations in mosses from Huai'an, China, were measured to investigate their contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources. The average concentration of all the metals (except Ni) was much higher than those in Albania, a "hotspot" of toxic metal contamination in Europe. The pollution degree of the metals varied significantly: moderate contamination by Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, V, and Cd; slight contamination by Ba, Cu, Ni, and Pb; and suspected contamination by Co. Based on the Nemerow index (PN), only 8% of the moss samples were graded as moderate pollution, while the remaining 92% were rated as heavy pollution, with Cd and Zn contributing the most. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated a moderate potential ecological risk from the metals in Huai'an, with the atmosphere most heavily polluted by Cd. Further, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to confirm the metal contamination sources and allocate their source contributions in Huai'an mosses. The results showed that the source contributions of industrial activities related to metal smelting, textile dyestuff and agricultural activities, mining development, natural source, and coal burning and traffic emission accounted for 28.86%, 20.29%, 19.83%, 17.98%, and 13.04%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Hongze Lake East Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office, Huai'an, 211706, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Tongxing Sun
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
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Chaudhuri S, Roy M. Global ambient air quality monitoring: Can mosses help? A systematic meta-analysis of literature about passive moss biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-39. [PMID: 37363020 PMCID: PMC9970857 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Surging incidents of air quality-related public health hazards, and environmental degradation, have prompted the global authorities to seek newer avenues of air quality monitoring, especially in developing economies, where the situation appears most alarming besides difficulties around 'adequate' deployment of air quality sensors. In the present narrative, we adopt a systematic review methodology (PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) around recent global literature (2002-2022), around moss-based passive biomonitoring approaches which might offer the regulatory authorities a complementary means to fill 'gaps' in existing air quality records. Following the 4-phased search procedure under PRISMA, total of 123 documents were selected for review. A wealth of research demonstrates how passive biomonitoring, with strategic use of mosses, could become an invaluable regulatory (and research) tool to monitor atmospheric deposition patterns and help identifying the main drivers of air quality changes (e.g., anthropogenic and/or natural). Besides individual studies, we briefly reflect on the European Moss Survey, underway since 1990, which aptly showcases mosses as 'naturally occurring' sensors of ambient air quality for a slew of metals (heavy and trace) and persistent organic pollutants, and help assessing spatio-temporal changes therein. To that end, we urge the global research community to conduct targeted research around various pollutant uptake mechanisms by mosses (e.g., species-specific interactions, environmental conditions, land management practices). Of late, mosses have found various environmental applications as well, such as in epidemiological investigations, identification of pollutant sources and transport mechanisms, assessment of air quality in diverse and complex urban ecosystems, and even detecting short-term changes in ambient air quality (e.g., COVID-19 Lockdown), each being critical for the authorities to develop informed and strategic regulatory measures. To that end, we review current literature and highlight to the regulatory authorities how to extend moss-based observations, by integrating them with a wide range of ecological indicators to assess regional environmental vulnerability/risk due to degrading air quality. Overall, an underlying motive behind this narrative was to broaden the current regulatory outlook and purview, to bolster and diversify existing air quality monitoring initiatives, by coupling the moss-based outputs with the traditional, sensor-based datasets, and attain improved spatial representation. However, we also make a strong case of conducting more targeted research to fill in the 'gaps' in our current understanding of moss-based passive biomonitoring details, with increased case studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03043-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriroop Chaudhuri
- Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities; Center for Environment, Sustainability and Human Development (CESH), O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana 131001 India
| | - Mimi Roy
- Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities; Center for Environment, Sustainability and Human Development (CESH), O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana 131001 India
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