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Kazim M, Syed JH, Saqib Z, Kurt-Karakus PB, Iqbal M, Nasir J, Akcetin MO, Akram S, Birgul A, Kara M, Dumanoglu Y, Barq MG, Amin FR, Harner T, Jones KC, Zhang G, Odabasi M. Informal E -waste recycling in nine cities of Pakistan reveals significant impacts on local air and soil quality and associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124259. [PMID: 38810680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in electronic waste (e-waste) has led to a rise in informal recycling, emitting hazardous heavy metals (HMs) that threaten human health and ecosystems. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of HM levels in dry deposition and soils at proximity of forty (40) informal e-waste recycling sites across Pakistan, between September 2020 to December 2021. Findings reveal that Zn (1410), Pb (410) and Mn (231) exhibited the higher mean deposition fluxes (μg/m2.day), derived from air samples, particularly in Karachi. Similarly, soils showed higher mean concentrations (μg/g dw) of Mn (477), Cu (514) and Pb (172) in Faisalabad, Lahore, and Karachi, respectively. HMs concentrations were found higher in winter or autumn and lower in summer. In addition, HM levels were significantly (p = 0.05) higher at recycling sites compared to background sites year-round, highlighting the e-waste recycling operations as the major source of their emissions. The Igeo index indicated moderate to extremely contaminated levels of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni in Karachi, Lahore and Gujranwala. Ingestion was found as a leading human exposure route, followed by dermal and inhalation exposure, with Pb posing the greatest health risk. The Cumulative Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) model suggested moderate to low cancer risks for workers. Strategic interventions recommend mitigating health and environmental risks, prioritizing human health and ecosystem integrity in Pakistan's e-waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mureed Kazim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan Park Road, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Perihan Binnur Kurt-Karakus
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Mehreen Iqbal
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger, Strasse 29, 09596, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARC), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Merve Ozkaleli Akcetin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sumaira Akram
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islmabad Campus, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Askin Birgul
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melik Kara
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Dumanoglu
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mohsin Gulzar Barq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Raza Amin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan Park Road, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, 510640, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zinicovscaia I, Chernyagina O, Chaligava O, Grozdov D, Fedorenko M, Kapralov M. Can metals and radionuclides in Shiveluch (Kamchatka) volcanic ash affect human health? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121616. [PMID: 38941854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Volcanic eruption is associated with the release of large volumes of pollutants in the environment, which can pose a risk to humans and other living organisms. The elemental and radioisotope composition of ash released during the Shiveluch Volcano eruption in 2023 was analyzed using ICP-MS and low-background gamma spectrometry. The ash consisted of 59% SiO2, 16.7% Al2O3, 5.3% CaO, 4.6 % Na2O, 4.5% Fe2O3, 1.4% K2O, 0.48% TiO2, 0.17% P2O5, 0.15% S, 0.078% MnO and 44 trace elements. Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index were calculated in order to evaluate the potential health risks to children and adults due to exposure to contaminants via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. All values were below the unit, indicating a low probability of non-carcinogenic and cancerogenic risk occurrence in target groups. The average activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides were 350, 12.4 and 4.84 Bq/kg for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th. Radiological indices, including external and internal risk assessment, radium equivalent activity, annual effective dose, gamma index, and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated to estimate the radiological hazard for the population. The values of all indices were below the recommended safety limits, indicating a low level of hazard for the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russian Federation; Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., MG-6, Romania.
| | - Olga Chernyagina
- Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya Str. 6, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 683001, Russian Federation.
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russian Federation; Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77 Merab Kostava Street, 0171, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Dmitrii Grozdov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria Fedorenko
- Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya Str. 6, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 683001, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail Kapralov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russian Federation.
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Netema BN, Chakraborty TK, Nice MS, Islam KR, Debnath PC, Chowdhury P, Rahman MS, Halder M, Zaman S, Ghosh GC, Islam MS. Appraisal of microplastic pollution and its related risks for urban indoor environment in Bangladesh using machine learning and diverse risk evolution indices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124631. [PMID: 39074686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of Microplastics (MPs) is increasing in the indoor environment due to increasing annual plastic usage, which is becoming a global threat to human health. Therefore, this is the first research in Bangladesh to identify, and characterize, MP pollution and its allied threats to human health in the indoor urban environment, where 80 household dust samples were collected from the whole study area. The presence of MPs in household dust of the urban indoor environment was 25.8 ± 6.43 particles/g with a significant variety, whereas the fiber shape (73%), 0.5-1.00 mm ranged MPs size (58%), blue color (21%), and polystyrene polymer (34%) was the most ubiquitous MPs category. The pollution load index (1.61-2.96) indicated significant pollution due to the high abundance of MPs. Besides, other risks evaluating indices including contamination factor (1.00-3.51), and Nemerow pollution index (1.60-3.51) represent moderate to high MP-induced pollution. The polymer hazard index (119.54 ± 70.34) indicated significant risks for the selected polymers to the indoor environment living inhabitants. Machine learning approaches, especially random forest and support random vector machine were effective in predicting the number of MPs, where EC, salinity, pH, OC, and texture classes acted as controlling factors. Children and adults might be ingesting 4.12 ± 1.01 and 2.27 ± 0.57 particles/day through the ingestion exposure route, which has significant health effects. Polymer-associated lifetime cancer risk assessment results show that there are moderate risks for both adults and children, but children tend to be more susceptible to MP risks. The overall study found that Dhaka was the most severely MPs induced risky division among the others. This study reveals that high quantities of MPs in indoor environments could pose a serious health hazard' to different exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baytune Nahar Netema
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kumar Chakraborty
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Simoon Nice
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Khandakar Rashedul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Chandra Debnath
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Pragga Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sozibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Monishanker Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Zaman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Gopal Chandra Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahnul Islam
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
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Abdulrahman N, Honda TJ, Ali A, Abdulrahman N, Vrinceanu D, Shishodia S. Impacts of Indoor Dust Exposure on Human Colonic Cell Viability, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis. TOXICS 2023; 11:633. [PMID: 37505597 PMCID: PMC10383473 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental exposure to indoor dust is known to be associated with myriad health conditions, especially among children. Established routes of exposure include inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, which result in the direct exposure of gastrointestinal epithelia to indoor dust. Despite this, little prior research is available on the impacts of indoor dust on the health of human gastrointestinal tissue. METHODS Cultured human colonic (CCD841) cells were exposed for 24 h to standard trace metal dust (TMD) and organic contaminant dust (OD) samples at the following concentrations: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay and protease analysis (glycyl-phenylalanyl-aminofluorocoumarin (GF-AFC)); cytotoxicity was assessed with a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and apoptosis was assessed using a Caspase-Glo 3/7 activation assay. RESULTS TMD and OD decreased cellular metabolic and protease activity and increased apoptosis and biomarkers of cell membrane damage (LDH) in CCD841 human colonic epithelial cells. Patterns appeared to be, in general, dose-dependent, with the highest TMD and OD exposures associated with the largest increases in apoptosis and LDH, as well as with the largest decrements in metabolic and protease activities. CONCLUSIONS TMD and OD exposure were associated with markers of reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human colonic cells. These findings add important information to the understanding of the physiologic effects of indoor dust exposure on human health. The doses used in our study represent a range of potential exposure levels, and the effects observed at the higher doses may not necessarily occur under typical exposure conditions. The effects of long-term, low-dose exposure to indoor dust are still not fully understood and warrant further investigation. Future research should explore these physiological mechanisms to further our understanding and inform public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Abdulrahman
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Trenton J Honda
- School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayat Ali
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Nabras Abdulrahman
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Daniel Vrinceanu
- Department of Physics, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Proshad R, Dey HC, Ritu SA, Baroi A, Khan MSU, Islam M, Idris AM. A review on toxic metal pollution and source-oriented risk apportionment in road dust of a highly polluted megacity in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2729-2762. [PMID: 36472681 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal enrichment in road dust has resulted from intensive anthropogenic activity, particularly urbanization, industrial activities and traffic emission, posing a hazard to urban ecosystems and human health. To promote optimal road dust management in urban environments, it is necessary to assess the possible ecological and health impact of toxic elements in road dust. In a heavily populated megacity like Dhaka, Bangladesh, large-scale risk assessments of contamination in road dust with heavy metals are limited. The present study aims at presenting a concentration of twenty-five metals in road dust (Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr and W) in Dhaka megacity. We used a critical source-based positive matrix factorization model, source-oriented potential ecological risks and health risks. Out of the studied metals, Na, Ca, Zn, Cd, Cu, Zr and W exceeded the shale value. About 73%, 48%, 29% and 32% of sampling sites showed a higher level of pollution based on PLI, NIPI, PER and NIRI, respectively. PMF model identified that Cd (85.3%), Cr (62.4%), Ni (58.2%), Zn (81.8%) and Mn (65.9%) in road dust were primarily attributed to traffic emission, fuel combustion, metal processing, transport sources and natural sources, respectively. Fuel combustion and metal processing posed considerable and high risks based on modified potential ecological risk and NIRI. Based on health hazards, traffic emission posed a high cancer risk in adult males (29%), whereas transport sources contributed to females (21%) and children (23%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hridoy Chandra Dey
- Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afroz Ritu
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Artho Baroi
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shihab Uddine Khan
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Maksudul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Estimation of Pollution Levels and Assessment of Human Health Risks from Potentially Toxic Metals in Road Dust in Mymensingh City of Bangladesh. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of toxic metals pollution in road dust in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh and its impact on the health risk of human exposure to toxic metals, is inadequate. A comprehensive investigation was conducted in different land use areas, i.e., commercial areas (CA), medically facilitated areas (MFA), residential areas (RA), and park areas (PA), to determine levels of Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), As (arsenic), Cd (cadmium), and Pb (lead) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). We planned to use different pollution indices, such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), ecological risk (Er), pollution load index (PLI), and enrichment factor (EF), to measure the level of contamination in the road dust of Mymensingh City. The average concentration (mg/kg) ranges of toxic metals in the road dust at different land use areas of Mymensingh City were: Cr (40.8–85.5), Mn (370.7–589.2), Co (6.2–8.7), Ni (22.7–34.2), Cu (29.5–72.2), Zn (236.2–467.1), As (4.9–6.29), Cd (0.32–1.07), and Pb (27.4–81.7), respectively. The CF and PLI results showed that the road dust in these zones was contaminated with toxic metals. The indicator Igeo revealed that CA was found to be ‘moderately to heavily contaminated’ ranked with Zn and Cd. Calculation of EF indicated that Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were highly enriched, while others were moderately enriched. According to the Cdeg findings, CA, MFA, and RA have very high degrees of contamination (Cdeg ≥ 24), while PA was classified as having a considerable degree of contamination (12 ≤ Cdeg < 24). The Er index showed that only Cd posed a ‘medium potential ecological risk’ to a ‘high ecological potential risk’ in road dust. The most common route of exposure was ingestion. The study indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) in CA, MFA, RA, and PA were less than one for children and adults, which were at a noncarcinogenic risk. The only exception was for children exposed to manganese (HI > 1) in all land use areas. In the research area, no significant carcinogenic health risk was observed for Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb.
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Haque MM, Sultana S, Niloy NM, Quraishi SB, Tareq SM. Source apportionment, ecological, and human health risks of toxic metals in road dust of densely populated capital and connected major highway of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37218-37233. [PMID: 35034304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates pollution levels, source apportionment, ecological, and human health risks associated with toxic metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr, and Cd) in road dust from the most populated Dhaka city and a connected major highway in Bangladesh. The mean concentration of Pb, Hg, and Cd were 1.3, 29.3, and 13.2 times higher than their corresponding background values with spatially uneven distribution all over the study area. Metal pollution indices, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), NIPI, and PI, indicated extreme contamination at many sites depending on local environmental factors. The potential ecological risk ([Formula: see text] revealed that 84% and 54% of samples showed the extreme ecological risk for Hg and Cd pollution, respectively. On the other hand, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) showed that most sampling sites suffered high to extreme ecological risk. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified coal combustion, and gasoline (50.14%), traffic exhaust (35.26%), and industrial and agriculture activity (14.60%) were the main source of toxic metals of the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk indicated that adults are more vulnerable than children, and hazard index (HI) of Hg for both age groups and Cd for adults were significantly higher than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk (CR) levels of toxic metals were acceptable (10-6 to 10-4), although the maximum limit of Cr for children and As for adults was close to the unacceptable limit (10-4). Continual exposure to toxic metals through road dust might develop lifetime cancer risk in local inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Morshedul Haque
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, 1702, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
| | - Sajin Sultana
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
- Beximco Textile Limited Sarabo, Kashimpur, Gazipur, Dhaka, 1702, Bangladesh
| | - Nahin Mostofa Niloy
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shamshad B Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Han Y, Cheng J, An D, He Y, Tang Z. Occurrence, potential release and health risks of heavy metals in popular take-out food containers from China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112265. [PMID: 34699759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global consumption of take-out food increased rapidly and the chemicals in their containers become a potential source of human exposure. However, available information on heavy metals in the containers is extremely limited and the associated health risks remain poorly understood. We investigated Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Mn, Ni and Co in the popular take-out food containers from China and found the concentrations of these metals were moderate in comparison to the concentrations reported in other food contact materials. The metal concentrations in sampled containers by material type differed significantly, and higher concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn and Co were observed in expanded polystyrene samples. The metals in the containers likely originated from intentional addition and/or contamination of materials. The potential release of the metals from containers was simulated and found the median leaching rates of Cd, Pb, Sb, Ni and Co in the range of 0.36-4.80% under typical conditions, which depended largely on the material types. Based on the observed leaching rates, we estimated that the summed carcinogenic risks of Cd, Pb, Ni and Co were unacceptable under specific exposure frequency, although the total non-carcinogenic risks from metal intake were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Di An
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sarker A, Kim JE, Islam ARMT, Bilal M, Rakib MRJ, Nandi R, Rahman MM, Islam T. Heavy metals contamination and associated health risks in food webs-a review focuses on food safety and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3230-3245. [PMID: 34739668 PMCID: PMC8569293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals occur naturally in very small amounts in living organisms, but exposure to their higher concentrations is hazardous. Heavy metals at hazardous levels are commonly found in foodstuffs of Bangladesh, mainly due to the lack of safety guidelines and poor management of industrial effluents. Several lines of evidence suggest that the level of heavy metals in foodstuffs of Bangladesh is higher than the acceptable limits set by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization. Literature survey revealed that the sources and transport pathways of heavy metals in the ecosystem and the abundance of heavy metals in the food products of Bangladesh are potential threats to food safety. However, an extensive assessment of the toxicity of heavy metals in food webs is lacking. Although widespread heavy metal contamination in various foodstuffs and environmental matrices have been summarized in some reports, a critical evaluation regarding multi-trophic transfer and the health risk of heavy metal exposure through food chain toxicity in Bangladesh has not been performed. This systematic review critically discussed heavy metal contamination, exposure toxicity, research gaps, existing legislation, and sustainable remediation strategies to enhance Bangladesh's food safety. In particular, this study for the first time explored the potential multi-trophic transfer of heavy metals via food webs in Bangladesh. Furthermore, we recommended a conceptual policy framework to combat heavy metal contaminations in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sarker
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Soil Science, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh (EBAUB), Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Rakhi Nandi
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
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Rahman MS, Saha N, Kumar S, Khan MDH, Islam ARMT, Khan MNI. Coupling of redundancy analysis with geochemistry and mineralogy to assess the behavior of dust arsenic as a base of risk estimation in Dhaka, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132048. [PMID: 34478961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dust particles enriched with arsenic (As) is a significant health threat for populations living in Southeast Asian megacities. The mineralogical composition of dust particles is the key factor that controls the retention and release of As. This study investigated the degree of metal(oid)s pollution (As, Ca, Fe, K, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Y, and Zr) in road dust of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index suggested that the road dust was heavily enriched with As, which triggers a comprehensive investigation of its controlling mechanisms and potential health risks by combining physicochemical and mineralogical information with multivariate analysis and a simulated probabilistic risk estimation model. Alkaline road dust (pH1:5 ranges from 8.02 to 10.34) in Dhaka city was found to have significant enrichment of As. Dust alkalinity was possibly controlled by the presence of carbonate minerals, such as calcite. Quartz was identified as the dominant mineral phase followed by magnesium carbon arsenide (MgCAs2). Carbonate mineral driven alkaline pH conditions in road dust would potentially trigger the release and mobilization of As to the environment. However, organic complexation can stabilize As on particle surfaces. Monte Carlo simulation-based health risk forecast suggested that the probability of As associated cancer risk has greatly exceeded the threshold value of 1E-4 for adults and children, and children are more vulnerable than adults. According to sensitivity analysis, the concentration of As and exposure duration (ED) posed the most significant impact (>58%) on risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Air Particulate Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Narottam Saha
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sazal Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | | | | | - M Nazrul Islam Khan
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Thalassinos G, Antoniadis V. Monitoring Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Three Wheat-Grown Areas with a Long History of Industrial Activity and Assessment of Their Effect on Human Health in Central Greece. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110293. [PMID: 34822684 PMCID: PMC8624685 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural lands, especially those where wheat is cultivated, in the vicinity of intense anthropogenic activities may be laden with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), resulting in increased risk for human health. In this study we monitored three regions located in central Greece, currently cultivated with wheat: Domokos and Eretria, two areas with abandoned chromium mines, but never studied before, and the industrial area of Volos, near a major steel factory. All soils were alkaline with medium CaCO3 content. As expected, Cr was extremely high in the first two areas (705.2 in Eretria and 777.5 mg kg−1 in Domokos); Ni was also found elevated (1227 in Eretria, 1315 in Domokos and 257.6 mg kg−1 in the steel factory), while other harmful metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) were rather low. As a result, pollution load index, a cumulative index showing the contamination level of an area, was higher than 1.0 in all three areas (Eretria = 2.20, Domokos = 2.28, and steel factory = 1.61), indicating high contamination and anthropogenic inputs. As for the wheat parts (shoots and grains), they were found to have no elevated concentrations of any of the measured metals in all three study areas, probably due to the alkaline soil pH that decelerates metal mobility. This was also confirmed by the very low soil-to-plant transfer coefficient values for all metals. In assessing the possible risk concerning human health, we found that the soil-to-human pathway would induce no significant risk (exhibited by hazard index of less than 1.0), while the risk from grain-to-human resulted in considerable risk for human health in the steel factory of Volos (where HI > 1.0). Our findings suggest that rural areas never studied before with a history in some offensive anthropogenic activity can prove to be a contamination hotspot; we regard this study as a pivotal for similarly never-visited-before areas casually cultivated with wheat (or other important crops for human nutrition). We further recognize the need for a more in-depth study that would acknowledge the geochemical speciation of the studied metals and also monitor other important crops and their possible uptake of PTEs.
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Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination and Pollution Indices of Roadside Dust in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban roadside dust samples from Dhaka City in Bangladesh were collected from a planned residential area (PRA), spontaneous residential area (SRA), commercial area (CA), and urban green area (UGA) in winter and summer to study how season and different urban land-use categories influence the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) and different pollution indices. The dust samples were fractionated into <32 μm particles, extracted by acid digestion followed by estimation of heavy metals, using ICP-MS. Pollution indices were calculated from the metal concentrations, using standard protocols. The concentrations of heavy metals in roadside dust varied significantly (all p < 0.05), due to sampling seasons and the land-use category. Higher concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were found in the dust sampled during the winter season than in the summer season, except for As and Co. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that the commercial area was heavily contaminated with Cu and Zn during the winter season. The contamination factor (CF) was higher for Cu and Zn in the CA, PRA, and SRA of Dhaka City in winter than in the summer season. The enrichment factor (EF) suggested that Mn and Co were the least enriched metals, and significant enrichment was seen for Cu and Zn for all land-use categories, both in summer and winter. A moderate potential ecological risk for Cu was estimated in CA and PRA in the winter season.
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Rahman MS, Kumar S, Nasiruddin M, Saha N. Deciphering the origin of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in school dust and soil of Dhaka, a megacity in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40808-40823. [PMID: 33772469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have resulted in road dust and roadside soil hosted metal(oid)s pollution in the urban environment. In the South-Asian megacity "Dhaka", schools are situated in the areas with high population density and high traffic emissions. As the school-going children are the most vulnerable receptor, school premises in Dhaka city represent an important yet overlooked exposure point to contaminated dust and soil. Therefore, the present study investigated the metal(oid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn and As) pollution in dust and soil at school compounds, explored their possible sources and estimated the associated human health risk. This study revealed that dust contained higher concentration of metal(oid)s than soil, and the Azimpur Govt. Girls School & College was identified as the most contaminated site. The enrichment of school dust with Cu, Zn and Pb were strictly related to the dense population and substantial traffic activity in the study areas. Arsenic content in school soil was several folds higher than its concentration in the upper crust. Natural and anthropogenic activities possibly posed a synergistic effect on such high soil As. The multivariate statistics suggested that Cu, Zn and Pb were likely to be originated from traffic-related activities, while Zr, Fe, Ti and Rb from natural sources, and K, Sr and Ca from industrial activities. The assessment of health risk suggested the children as a vulnerable receptor and ingestion was identified as the dominant pathway of dust and soil exposure. The hazard index (HI) values were lower than unity, suggesting no possible non-cancer health risk. Arsenic posed a lifetime carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area through soil ingestion and dermal adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sazal Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | - Md Nasiruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Narottam Saha
- Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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