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Bauri S, Shekhar H, Sahoo H, Mishra M. Investigation of the effects of nanoplastic polyethylene terephthalate on environmental toxicology using model Drosophila melanogaster. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38958196 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2368004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern, and various plastic polymers are used daily. A study was conducted to examine the toxic effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics (NPLs) on Drosophila melanogaster. We have successfully synthesized PET NPLs and characterized using DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy to gain crucial insights into the structure and properties. We fed PET NPLs to Drosophila to assess toxicity. ROS was quantified using DCFH-DA and NBT, and the nuclear degradation was checked by DAPI staining. Quantification of protein and activity of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase depicted the adverse consequences of PET NPLs exposure. The dorsal side of the abdomens, eyes, and wings were also defective when phenotypically analyzed. These results substantiate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impact of nanoplastics. Notably, behavioral observations encompassing larval crawling and climbing of adults exhibit normal patterns, excluding the presence of neurotoxicity. Adult Drosophila showed decreased survivability, and fat accumulation enhanced body weight. These findings contribute to unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying nanoplastic toxicity and emphasize its potential repercussions for organismal health and ecological equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bauri
- Department of Life Science, Neural Developmental Biology Lab, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysical and Protein Chemistry Lab, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysical and Protein Chemistry Lab, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Department of Life Science, Neural Developmental Biology Lab, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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2
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Ren T, Zhan H, Xu H, Chen L, Shen W, Xu Y, Zhao D, Shao Y, Wang Y. Recycling and high-value utilization of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118428. [PMID: 38325788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Polyethelene terephthalate (PET) is a well-known thermoplastic, and recycling PET waste is important for the natural environment and human health. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the recycling and reuse of PET waste through energy recovery and physical, chemical, and biological recycling. This article summarizes the recycling methods and the high-value products derived from PET waste, specifically detailing the research progress on regenerated PET prepared by the mechanical recycling of fiber/yarn, fabric, and composite materials, and introduces the application of PET nanofibers recycled by physical dissolution and electrospinning in fields such as filtration, adsorption, electronics, and antibacterial materials. This article explains the energy recovery of PET through thermal decomposition and comprehensively discusses various chemical recycling methods, including the reaction mechanisms, catalysts, conversion efficiencies, and reaction products, with a brief introduction to PET biodegradation using hydrolytic enzymes provided. The analysis and comparison of various recycling methods indicated that the mechanical recycling method yielded PET products with a wide range of applications in composite materials. Electrospinning is a highly promising recycling strategy for fabricating recycled PET nanofibers. Compared to other methods, physical recycling has advantages such as low cost, low energy consumption, high value, simple processing, and environmental friendliness, making it the preferred choice for the recycling and high-value utilization of waste PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haihua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Shaoxing Baojing Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Shaoxing Baojing Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Defang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sub-center of National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, College of Textile and Garment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hailiang Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yuanyi Shao
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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3
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Piyathilake U, Lin C, Bolan N, Bundschuh J, Rinklebe J, Herath I. Exploring the hidden environmental pollution of microplastics derived from bioplastics: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141773. [PMID: 38548076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastics might be an ecofriendly alternative to traditional plastics. However, recent studies have emphasized that even bioplastics can end up becoming micro- and nano-plastics due to their degradation under ambient environmental conditions. Hence, there is an urgent need to assess the hidden environmental pollution caused by bioplastics. However, little is known about the evolutionary trends of bibliographic data, degradation pathways, formation, and toxicity of micro- and nano-scaled bioplastics originating from biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and starch-based plastics. Therefore, the prime objective of the current review was to investigate evolutionary trends and the latest advancements in the field of micro-bioplastic pollution. Additionally, it aims to confront the limitations of existing research on microplastic pollution derived from the degradation of bioplastic wastes, and to understand what is needed in future research. The literature survey revealed that research focusing on micro- and nano-bioplastics has begun since 2012. This review identifies novel insights into microbioplastics formation through diverse degradation pathways, including photo-oxidation, ozone-induced degradation, mechanochemical degradation, biodegradation, thermal, and catalytic degradation. Critical research gaps are identified, including defining optimal environmental conditions for complete degradation of diverse bioplastics, exploring micro- and nano-bioplastics formation in natural environments, investigating the global occurrence and distribution of these particles in diverse ecosystems, assessing toxic substances released during bioplastics degradation, and bridging the disparity between laboratory studies and real-world applications. By identifying new trends and knowledge gaps, this study lays the groundwork for future investigations and sustainable solutions in the realm of sustainable management of bioplastic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udara Piyathilake
- Environmental Science Division, National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy, 2000, Sri Lanka
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Indika Herath
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Umesh M, Sharma R, Sharma M, Sharma D, Sharma M, Sondhi S, Thomas J, Kumar D, Kansal L, Jha NK. Commercialization potential of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) recycled nanomaterials: A review on validation parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141453. [PMID: 38364916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polymer which is considered as one of the major contaminants to the environment. The PET waste materials can be recycled to produce value-added products. PET can be converted to nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, and nano coatings. To extend the applications of PET nanomaterials, understanding its commercialization potential is important. In addition, knowledge about the factors affecting recycling of PET based nanomaterials is essential. The presented review is focused on understanding the PET commercialization aspects, keeping in mind market analysis, growth drivers, regulatory affairs, safety considerations, issues associated with scale-up, manufacturing challenges, economic viability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the paper elaborates the challenges associated with the use of PET based nanomaterials. These challenges include PET contamination to water, soil, sediments, and human exposure to PET nanomaterials. Moreover, the paper discusses in detail about the factors affecting PET recycling, commercialization, and circular economy with specific emphasis on life cycle assessment (LCA) of PET recycled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, 176206, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, 176206, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sonica Sondhi
- Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C-11, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Jithin Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology-UIBT, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
| | - Lavish Kansal
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre for Research Impact and Outcomes, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
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5
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Kirshanov KA, Toms RV, Balashov MS, Golubkov SS, Melnikov PV, Gervald AY. Modeling of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Homogeneous Glycolysis Kinetics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3146. [PMID: 37514535 PMCID: PMC10383944 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites with various recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based (PET-based) polyester matrices (poly(ethylene terephthalate), copolyesters, and unsaturated polyester resins), similar in properties to the primary ones, can be obtained based on PET glycolysis products after purification. PET glycolysis allows one to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and oligo(ethylene terephthalates) with various molecular weights. A kinetic model of poly(ethylene terephthalate) homogeneous glycolysis under the combined or separate action of oligo(ethylene terephthalates), bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, and ethylene glycol is proposed. The model takes into account the interaction of bound, terminal, and free ethylene glycol molecules in the PET feedstock and the glycolysis agent. Experimental data were obtained on the molecular weight distribution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis products and the content of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate monomer in them to verify the model. Homogeneous glycolysis of PET was carried out at atmospheric pressure in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvents with catalyst based on antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) under the action of different agents: ethylene glycol at temperatures of 165 and 180 °C; bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate at 250 °C; and oligoethylene terephthalate with polycondensation degree 3 at 250 °C. Homogeneous step-by-step glycolysis under the successive action of the oligo(ethylene terephthalate) trimer, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, and ethylene glycol at temperatures of 250, 220, and 190 °C, respectively, was also studied. The composition of products was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. Molecular weight characteristics were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the content of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate was determined via extraction with water at 60 °C. The developed kinetic model was found to be in agreement with the experimental data and it could be used further to predict the optimal conditions for homogeneous PET glycolysis and to obtain polymer-based composite materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Kirshanov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Roman V Toms
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Balashov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Sergey S Golubkov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Pavel V Melnikov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Gervald
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
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Annangi B, Villacorta A, Vela L, Tavakolpournegari A, Marcos R, Hernández A. Effects of true-to-life PET nanoplastics using primary human nasal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104140. [PMID: 37137422 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since inhalation is a relevant exposure route, studies using appropriate micro/nanoplastic (MNPLs) models, representative targeted cells, and relevant biomarkers of effect are required. We have used lab-made polyethylene terephthalate (PET)NPLs obtained from PET plastic water bottles. Human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were used as a model of the first barrier of the respiratory system. Cell internalization and intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) induction, as well as the effects on mitochondria functionality and in the modulation of the autophagy pathway, were evaluated. The data indicated significant cellular uptake and increased levels of iROS. Furthermore, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the exposed cells. Regarding the effects on the autophagy pathway, PETNPLs exposure significantly increases LC3-II protein expression levels. PETNPLs exposure also induced significant increases in the expression of p62. This is the first study showing that true-to-life PETNPLs can alter the autophagy pathway in HNEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanyam Annangi
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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7
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Bohre A, Jadhao PR, Tripathi K, Pant KK, Likozar B, Saha B. Chemical Recycling Processes of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Using Solid Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300142. [PMID: 36972065 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a non-degradable single-use plastic and a major component of plastic waste in landfills. Chemical recycling is one of the most widely adopted methods to transform post-consumer PET into PET's building block chemicals. Non-catalytic depolymerization of PET is very slow and requires high temperatures and/or pressures. Recent advancements in the field of material science and catalysis have delivered several innovative strategies to promote PET depolymerization under mild reaction conditions. Particularly, heterogeneous catalysts assisted depolymerization of post-consumer PET to monomers and other value-added chemicals is the most industrially compatible method. This review includes current progresses on the heterogeneously catalyzed chemical recycling of PET. It describes four key pathways for PET depolymerization including, glycolysis, pyrolysis, alcoholysis, and reductive depolymerization. The catalyst function, active sites and structure-activity correlations are briefly outlined in each section. An outlook for future development is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bohre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
- Biomass and Energy Management Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-energy Kapurthala, Punjab, 1440603, India
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Prashant Ram Jadhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Komal Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Basudeb Saha
- RiKarbon, Inc., 550 S. College Ave, Newark, Delaware, DE 19716, USA
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8
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Kulkarni A, Quintens G, Pitet LM. Trends in Polyester Upcycling for Diversifying a Problematic Waste Stream. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Kulkarni
- Advanced Functional Polymers (AFP) Laboratory, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Greg Quintens
- Advanced Functional Polymers (AFP) Laboratory, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Advanced Functional Polymers (AFP) Laboratory, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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9
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Zhou Z, Xuzhen Z, Wenjian H, Xiuhua W. Preparation and property analysis of chemically regenerated polyethylene terephthalate with improved chromaticity. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Design, Synthesis and Actual Applications of the Polymers Containing Acidic P-OH Fragments: Part 1. Polyphosphodiesters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314857. [PMID: 36499185 PMCID: PMC9738169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among natural and synthetic polymers, main-chain phosphorus-containing polyacids (PCPAs) (polyphosphodiesters), stand in a unique position at the intersection of chemistry, physics, biology and medicine. The structural similarity of polyphosphodiesters PCPAs to natural nucleic and teichoic acids, their biocompatibility, mimicking to biomolecules providing the 'stealth effect', high bone mineral affinity of polyphosphodiesters resulting in biomineralization at physiological conditions, and adjustable hydrolytic stability of polyphosphodiesters are the basis for various biomedical, industrial and household applications of this type of polymers. In the present review, we discuss the synthesis, properties and actual applications of polyphosphodiesters.
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Torkayesh AE, Deveci M, Torkayesh SE, Tirkolaee EB. Analyzing failures in adoption of smart technologies for medical waste management systems: a type-2 neutrosophic-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79688-79701. [PMID: 34554402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Medical waste management (MWM) systems are considered among the most important urban systems nowadays. Cities in different countries prefer to transform their infrastructure based on sustainability guidelines and practices. Meanwhile, smart technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are being recently used in different urban systems of cities that aim to transform into smart cities. MWM systems are one of the main targets of integrating such smart technologies to maximize economic and social profits and minimize environmental issues. However, the transformation of traditional MWM systems into smart MWM systems and the adoption of such technologies can be a very resource-consuming task. One of the possible tasks in this process can be the identification of factors that cause failure in the adoption of smart technologies. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-criteria evaluation model based on type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs) to identify factors contributing to failure in the adoption of IoT and blockchain in smart MWM systems in Istanbul, Turkey. Results of the case study indicate that training for different stakeholders, market acceptance, transparency, and professional personnel are the main factors that lead to failure in the adoption of smart technologies. Training for different stakeholders, market acceptance, transparency, and professional personnel factors obtained distance values of 0.494, 0.381, 0.375, and 0.278, respectively, against the best factor which is security and privacy. In order to validate the results of the proposed approach, a sensitivity analysis test is performed. Results of this study can be useful for governmental and private MWM and green companies that are planning to adopt IoT and blockchain within their waste management (WM) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebadi Torkayesh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
- School of Business and Economics, RWTH Aachen University, 52072, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Muhammet Deveci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University, 34940, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Wu S, Wu X, Li H, Li D, Zheng J, Lin Q, Nerín C, Zhong H, Dong B. The characterization and influence factors of semi-volatile compounds from mechanically recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) by combining GC×GC-TOFMS and chemometrics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129583. [PMID: 35872450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A non-targeted method was developed for screening the semi-volatile compounds of different mechanically recycled PET intended for food contact materials. The data was further analyzed by multiple chemometrics methods to obtain the difference level, and the potential influence factors were investigated. The results showed that total dissolution with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was more effective than other reported methods. Based on the difference level, 97 compounds were characterized into 4 levels. 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone originating from organic solvent was recognized as level IV and could be determined as the primary difference indicator. The contaminant is mainly attributed to the residuum derived from non-food consumer products. The specific types of contaminants and process parameters of the recycling, such as moisture content, properties of rPET, and temperature, were the potential key factors affecting the presence of semi-volatile compounds of mechanically recycled rPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Hanke Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Jianguo Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Qinbao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Huaining Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Ben Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
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Gallegos MV, Reimers WG, Luna CR, Damonte LC, Sambeth J, Marchetti J, Juan A. Theoretical analysis of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) adsorption on Co and Mn-doped ZnO (000-1). MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Engineered Stable 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidase (HMFO) from 8BxHMFO Variant of Methylovorus sp. MP688 through B-Factor Analysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
What is known as Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an attractive compound since it has similar properties to terephthalic acid. Further, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase (HMFO) is an enzyme, which could convert HMF to FDCA directly. Most wild types of HMFO have low activity on the oxidation of HMF to FDCA. The variant of 8BxHFMO from Methylovorus sp. MP688 was the only reported enzyme that was able to perform FDCA production. However, the stabilization of 8BxHMFO is still not that satisfactory, and further improvement is necessary for the industrial application of the enzyme. In this work, stability-enhanced HMFO from 8BxHFMO was engineered through employing B-factor analysis. The mutation libraries were created based on the NNK degeneracy of residues with the top ten highest B-factor value, and two of the effective mutants were screened out through the high throughput selection with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-Tyr assay. The mutants Q319K and N44G show a significantly increased yield of FDCA in the reaction temperature range of 30 to 40 °C. The mutant Q319K shows the best performance at 35 °C with a FDCA yield of 98% (the original 8BxHMFO was only 85%), and a half-life exceeding 72 h. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation indicates that more hydrogen bonds are formed in the mutants, which improves the stability of the protein structure. The method could enhance the design of more stable biocatalysts; and provides potential for the further optimization and utilization of HMFO in biotechnological processes.
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