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Guddeti SS, Kurakalva RM. Potential toxic element contamination and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of groundwater from rapidly growing urban areas in Telangana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40269-40284. [PMID: 37414991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a critical resource for drinking purposes that is under pressure and polluted with multiple inorganic contaminants. Among various contaminants, potentially toxic element contamination in groundwater has significant public health concerns due to their toxicity at a low level of exposure. This investigation aimed to assess the toxic element contamination and associated non-carcinogenic human health risk at rapidly growing urban centers in Telangana to ensure potable water and to generate baseline data in the study province. Thirteen potential toxic trace elements (Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) were determined in 35 groundwater samples collected from the Karimnagar and Siddipet smart cities in lower Manair River basin using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The trace element concentration is found in the range for Al (1-112 µg/L), As (2-8 µg/L), B (34-438 µg/L), Cd (bdl-2 µg/L), Co (bdl-17 µg/L), Cr (bdl-4 µg/L), Cu (bdl-216 µg/L), Fe (4-420 µg/L), Mn (bdl-3311 µg/L), Ni (5-31 µg/L), Pb (bdl-62 µg/L), Se (1-18 µg/L), and Zn (3-1858 µg/L). Analytical data of groundwater revealed the occurrence of toxic elements observed as above the acceptable limits of Bureau of Indian Standards for drinking purposes found in the order of Al > Ni ≥ Mn > Se ≥ Cu ≥ Pb > Fe with 26% > 14% ≥ 14% > 9% ≥ 9% ≥ 9% > 6% of samples, respectively. The non-carcinogenic health risk to humans upon groundwater ingestion has been evaluated and found to be non-hazardous for all the individual elements studied except for aresenic. However, cumulative hazard quotient observed as > 1 in the category of infants and children might be a major potential health concern. This study provided baseline data and suggested implementing preventive measures to protect human health around the urban areas of lower Manair river basin, Telangana, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravya Sai Guddeti
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rama Mohan Kurakalva
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Nayak A, Matta G, Prasad Uniyal D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Pant G. Assessment of potentially toxic elements in groundwater through interpolation, pollution indices, and chemometric techniques in Dehradun in Uttarakhand State. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36241-36263. [PMID: 37184800 PMCID: PMC10184092 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Providing safe drinking water for the entire world's population is essential for ensuring sustainable development. The presence of harmful compounds in aquifers, majorly toxic elements, is a serious environmental concern around the globe. This research aimed to quantify for the initial period the amounts of toxic elements in freshwater in the Dehradun Industrial Region of Uttrakhand, India, as well as the associated health risks. The PTEs (potentially toxic elements) Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb, Zn, Ni is measured by AAS and compared to BIS and WHO requirements for drinking safety. The order of mean trace element values in all groundwater samples were determined as Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Pb. HPI was discovered to be higher than high class during the research period (HPI > 30), but under the severe contamination criterion of 100. Iron's MI and PI values were consistently over the threshold limit during the research period, and certain toxic elements were discovered exceptionally near the threshold limit, indicating a severe future influence on groundwater quality. According to PCA (principal component analysis), CM (correlation matrix), and potential health hazard, maximum levels of toxic elements in groundwater in the Dehradun region are attributed to land use patterns, anthropogenic activity, industrial activity, fertilizer and pesticide leaching, and residential waste into the aquifer system. The findings of this study could aid local planners and policymakers in preventing health risks from contaminated aquifers through the deployment of suitable monitoring and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Nayak
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Gagan Matta
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India.
| | | | - Avinash Kumar
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Gaurav Pant
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
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3
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Velasco-Arroyo B, Curiel-Alegre S, Khan AHA, Rumbo C, Pérez-Alonso D, Rad C, De Wilde H, Pérez-de-Mora A, Barros R. Phytostabilization of metal(loid)s by ten emergent macrophytes following a 90-day exposure to industrially contaminated groundwater. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:50-59. [PMID: 38128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of macrophyte tolerance under long exposure times in real environmental matrices is crucial for phytoremediation and phytoattenuation strategies for aquatic systems. The metal(loid) attenuation ability of 10 emergent macrophyte species (Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) was investigated using real groundwater from an industrial site, over a 90-day exposure period. A "phytobial" treatment was included, with 3 plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains. Plants exposed to the polluted water generally showed similar or reduced aerial biomass compared to the controls, except for C. riparia. This species, along with M. aquatica, exhibited improved biomass after bioaugmentation. Phytoremediation mechanisms accounted for more than 60% of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb removal, whilst abiotic mechanisms contributed to ∼80% removal of Fe and Zn. Concentrations of metal(loid)s in the roots were generally between 10-100 times higher than in the aerial parts. The macrophytes in this work can be considered "underground attenuators", more appropriate for rhizostabilization strategies, especially L. salicaria, M. aquatica, S. holoschoenus, and T. angustifolia. For I. pseudacorus, C. longus, and C. riparia; harvesting the aerial parts could be a complementary phytoextraction approach to further remove Pb and Zn. Of all the plants, S. holoschoenus showed the best balance between biomass production and uptake of multiple metal(loid)s. Results also suggest that multiple phytostrategies may be possible for the same plant depending on the final remedial aim. Phytobial approaches need to be further assessed for each macrophyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Sandra Curiel-Alegre
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Alonso
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rad
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Herwig De Wilde
- TAUW België nv, Dept. of Soil and Groundwater, Waaslandlaan 8A3, 9160 Lokeren, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora
- TAUW GmbH, Dept. of Soil and Groundwater, Landsberger Str. 290, 80687 München, Germany
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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Papazotos P, Vasileiou E, Vasilakis S, Perraki M. A novel hydrogeochemical approach to delineate the origin of potentially toxic elements in groundwater: Sophisticated molar ratios as environmental tracers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27721-8. [PMID: 37209349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, mobilization, and origin of Potentially Toxic Eelements (PTEs) in the environment is always a difficult research question that has not been fully addressed to date; solving this problem would be a major achievement for environmental science and pollution research, a significant scientific breakthrough, and an important contribution to environmental analysis and monitoring. The lack of a holistic methodology that uses chemical analysis to determine the origin of each PTE in the environment is the main motivation for this project. Therefore, the hypothesis tested here is to develop a scientific approach applied to each PTE to determine whether its origin is geogenic (i.e., water-rock interaction with dominance of silicate or carbonate mineral phases) or anthropogenic (i.e., agricultural practices, wastewater, industrial activities). A total of 47 groundwater samples from the Psachna Basin in central Euboea, Greece, were used and plotted on geochemical mole ratio diagrams (i.e., Si/NO3 vs. Cl/HCO3) and used to perform a robust geochemical modeling analysis. The proposed method showed that elevated groundwater concentrations of various PTEs in groundwater were mainly related to intensive fertilization (e.g., Cr, U), water-rock interaction (e.g., Ni), and saltwater intrusion. (i.e., As, Se). This work highlights that a comprehensive framework with sophisticated molar ratios combined with modern statistical methods, multi-isotope signatures, and geochemical modeling could provide answers to unresolved scientific questions about the origin of PTEs in water resources and improve environmental resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papazotos
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece.
- School of Engineering, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100, Kozani, Greece.
| | - Eleni Vasileiou
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Stylianos Vasilakis
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Perraki
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece
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5
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Wang Y, Yuan S, Shi J, Ma T, Xie X, Deng Y, Du Y, Gan Y, Guo Z, Dong Y, Zheng C, Jiang G. Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5125-5136. [PMID: 36877892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Linking groundwater quality to health will make the invisible groundwater visible, but there are knowledge gaps to understand the linkage which requires cross-disciplinary convergent research. The substances in groundwater that are critical to health can be classified into five types according to the sources and characteristics: geogenic substances, biogenic elements, anthropogenic contaminants, emerging contaminants, and pathogens. The most intriguing questions are related to quantitative assessment of human health and ecological risks of exposure to the critical substances via natural or induced artificial groundwater discharge: What is the list of critical substances released from discharging groundwater, and what are the pathways of the receptors' exposure to the critical substances? How to quantify the flux of critical substances during groundwater discharge? What procedures can we follow to assess human health and ecological risks of groundwater discharge? Answering these questions is fundamental for humans to deal with the challenges of water security and health risks related to groundwater quality. This perspective provides recent progresses, knowledge gaps, and future trends in understanding the linkage between groundwater quality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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6
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Agbasi JC, Egbueri JC. Intelligent soft computational models integrated for the prediction of potentially toxic elements and groundwater quality indicators: a case study. JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS 2023; 8:57-79. [PMCID: PMC9849108 DOI: 10.1007/s43217-023-00124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Reports have shown that potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in air, water, and soil systems expose humans to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. In southeastern Nigeria, works that have used data-driven algorithms in predicting PTEs in groundwater are scarce. In addition, only a few works have simulated water quality indices using machine learning modelling methods in the region. Therefore, in this study, physicochemical analyses were carried out on groundwater samples in southeastern Nigeria. The laboratory results were used to compute two water quality indices: pollution index of groundwater (PIG) and the water pollution index (WPI), to ascertain groundwater quality. In addition, the physicochemical parameters served as input variables for multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling and prediction of Cr, Fe, Ni, NO3−, Pb, Zn, WPI, and PIG. The results of WPI and PIG computation showed that about 30–35% of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for human consumption, whereas 65–70% of the samples were deemed suitable. The insights from the PIG and WPI model also revealed that lead (Pb) was the most influential PTE that degraded the quality of groundwater resources in the research area. The findings of the MLR and ANN models indicated strong positive prediction accuracies (R 2 = 0.856–1.000) with low modeling errors. The predictive MLR and ANN models of the PIG and WPI generally outperformed those of the PTEs. The models produced in this study predicted the PTEs better compared to previous studies. Thus, this work provides insights into effective water sustainability, management, and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson C. Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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7
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Adeleye AT, John KI, Ighalo JO, Ogunniyi S, Adeyanju CA, Adeniyi AG, Elawad M, Omorogie MO. Photocatalytic remediation of methylene blue using hydrothermally synthesized H-Titania and Na-Titania nanotubes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12610. [PMID: 36593848 PMCID: PMC9803790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nanotube is among the most effective morphology of Titania due to its unilateral pathway for photo-generated charge transfer and mechanical stability, its performance is still hampered by high recombination. In the present study, to further improve the photocatalytic degradation performance of Titania, univalent elements of H and Na were respectively ion-exchanged into the Titania nanotubes (TNTs). The photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, TEM, ICP-AES, and FTIR. The modified samples displayed enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance over Degussa TiO2 under UV-A light illumination of MB. The rate constants of NaTNT and HTNT were 16 and 13 times that of Degussa TiO2. Specifically, the Na-TNTs showed better photocatalytic degradation activity than H-TNTs with a rate constant of 0.12 min-1 while the latter showed 0.09 min-1. The optimum adsorption and photocatalytic performance of NaTNT were determined at pH 6 achieving about 99% MB removal within 10 min of irradiation. The ion exchange NaTNT displayed excellent reusability after the fifth cycle of the photocatalytic tests and superoxide radicals were experimentally determined to be the main reactive oxygen species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderemi Timothy Adeleye
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia,Organization of African Academic Doctor (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kingsley Igenepo John
- Organization of African Academic Doctor (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Veritas University, P.M.B. 5171, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joshua O. Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria,Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Ogunniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Adewale George Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Elawad
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400, Yibin, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Martins O. Omorogie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, 232101, Nigeria,Environmental Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, 232101, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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8
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Rashid A, Ayub M, Khan S, Ullah Z, Ali L, Gao X, Li C, El-Serehy HA, Kaushik P, Rasool A. Hydrogeochemical assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of potentially toxic elements in aquifers of the Hindukush ranges, Pakistan: insights from groundwater pollution indexing, GIS-based, and multivariate statistical approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75744-75768. [PMID: 35661301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and bacterial contamination pose health hazards, persistency, and genotoxicity in the groundwater aquifer. This study evaluates PTE concentration, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health hazards, groundwater quality indexing (GWQI-model), source provenance, and fate distribution in the groundwater of Hindukush ranges, Pakistan. The new estimates of USEPA equations record new research dimensions for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic hazards. The principal component analysis (PCA), mineral phases, and spatial distribution determine groundwater contamination and its impacts. The average concentrations of PTEs, viz., Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, and Zn, were 0.06, 0.27, 0.07, 0.55, 0.05, and 0.19 mg/L, and E. coli, F. coli, and P. coli were 27.5, 24.0, and 19.0 CFU/100 ml. Moreover, the average values of basic minerals, viz., anhydrite, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, and hydroxyl apatite, were 0.4, 2.4, 2.6, 5.1, 0.6, and - 4.0, 11.2, and PTE minerals like monteponite, tenorite, cuprite, cuprous ferrite, cupric ferrite, ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, maghemite, magnetite, massicot, minium, litharge, plattnerite, and zincite were - 5.5, 2.23, 4.65, 18.56, 20.0, 4.84, 7.54, 17.46, 6.66, 9.67, 22.72, - 3.36, 22.9, 3.16, - 18.0, and 1.46. The groundwater showed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazards for children and adults. The GWQI-model showed that 58.3% of samples revealed worse water quality. PCA revealed rock weathering, mineral dissolution, water-rock interaction, and industrial effluents as the dominant factors influencing groundwater chemistry. Carbonate weathering and ion exchange play vital roles in altering CaHCO3 type to NaHCO3 water. In this study, E. coli, F. coli, P. coli, EC, turbidity, TSS, PO43─, Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Cd, Co, Fe, and Pb have exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts of PTEs and bacterial contamination declared that the groundwater is unfit for drinking and domestic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, PO 21300, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, PO 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Xubo Gao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, l1451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación Y Mejora de La Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Atta Rasool
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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9
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Interdisciplinarity in Graduate Education for Groundwater Science and Technology. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater science and technology is among the most rapidly developing branches of earth science globally. Interdisciplinarity poses both a challenge and a historical mission for graduate education in groundwater science and technology. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of domestic and international graduate education in groundwater science and technology. In addition, taking the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) as an example, it shows the history and development of the field in China. The results indicate that: (1) the graduate courses in groundwater science and technology in China are based on the characteristics of geoscientific research and closely integrate the advantages in environmental studies, ecology, and computer science to promote cross-fertilization across disciplines, departments, and universities; (2) after a few twists and turns in conferring master’s and PhD degrees and in the construction of the discipline, groundwater science and technology has witnessed an increase in faculty members, expansion of the field of study, and the addition of modern educational and research facilities; (3) an increasing number of graduate students conduct research into the quality and safety of water supplies, rehabilitation technology of polluted water bodies, environment protection of river basin ecosystems, and so on.
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10
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Egbueri JC, Agbasi JC. Data-driven soft computing modeling of groundwater quality parameters in southeast Nigeria: comparing the performances of different algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38346-38373. [PMID: 35079969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the simulation and modeling of water quality parameters have been useful for monitoring and assessment of the quality of water resources. Moreover, the use of multiple modeling techniques, rather than a standalone model, tends to provide more robust and reliable insights. In this present paper, several soft computing techniques were integrated and compared for the modeling of groundwater quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), modified heavy metal index (MHMI), pollution load index (PLI), and synthetic pollution index (SPI)) in Ojoto area, SE Nigeria. Standard methods were employed in the physicochemical analysis of the groundwater resources. It was found that anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic activities influenced the concentrations of the water quality parameters. The PLI, MHMI, and SPI revealed that about 20-25% of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking. Simple linear regression indicated that strong agreements exist between the results of the water quality indices. Principal component and Varimax-rotated factor analyses showed that Pb, Ni, and Zn influenced the judgment of the water quality indices most. Q-mode hierarchical and K-means clustering algorithms grouped the water samples based on their pH, EC, TDS, TH, MHMI, PLI, and SPI values. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were used for the simulation and prediction of the pH, EC, TDS, TH, PLI, MHMI, and SPI. The MLR performed better than the ANN model in predicting EC, TH, and TDS. Nevertheless, the ANN model predicted the pH better than the MLR model. Meanwhile, both MLR and ANN performed equally in the prediction of PLI, MHMI, and SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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Groundwater Quality and Associated Human Health Risk in a Typical Basin of the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes in the Linfen basin of the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau (ECLP). To ensure the safety of drinking water, this study was carried out to assess the quality using the water quality index (WQI) and potential health risks of groundwater using the human health risk assessment model (HHRA). The WQI approach showed that 90% of the samples were suitable for drinking, and Pb, TH, F−, SO42−, and TDS were the most significant parameters affecting groundwater quality. The non-carcinogenic health risk results indicated that 20% and 80% of the samples surpassed the permissible limit for adult females and children. Additionally, all groundwater samples could present a carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children. The pollution from F−, Pb, and Cr6+ was the most serious for non-carcinogenic health risk. Cd contributed more than Cr6+ and As to carcinogenic health risks. Residents living in the central of the study area faced higher health risks than humans in other areas. The research results can provide a decision-making basis for the scientific management of the regional groundwater environment and the protection of drinking water safety and public health.
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