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Zhang SH, Zhang HJ, Jia YZ, Wang ZY, You ZH, Lian CY, Wang L. Melatonin prevents glyphosate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in roosters via activating Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113180. [PMID: 39305889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate (GLY) is a widely used herbicide with well-defined hepatotoxic effects, in which oxidative stress has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. Melatonin (MET), an effective free radical scavenger, has been revealed to alleviate drug-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. METHODS In this study, a rooster model with primary chicken embryo hepatocytes was applied to elucidate the therapeutic effects of MET against GLY-induced hepatic damage and the potential mechanism. Histopathological examinations, biochemical tests and immunoblotting analysis were used to monitor the protective effects of MET on GLY-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Molecular docking analysis was used to reveal the key reason of MET-improved hepatic lipid deposition. RESULTS Data firstly showed that MET administration markedly improved GLY-induced hepatic injury, as evidenced by normalized liver enzymes and alleviated pathological changes of liver tissues. Moreover, MET supplementation alleviated GLY-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, which was correlated with improved serum and hepatic lipid profiles and normalized expression of lipolysis- and lipogenesis-related proteins. Notably, MET significantly inhibited vital enzymes involved in stimulating oxidative stress. Moreover, MET enhanced GLY-inhibited Nrf2 nuclear transcription and increased the expressions of its downstream target genes HO1 and NQO1. Further studies revealed that MET may interact with Nrf2 to enhance nuclear translocation of Nrf2. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results provide the first direct evidence that MET is a novel regulator of Nrf2, highlighting that Nrf2 may be a potential therapeutic target for GLY-induced lipotoxic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271017, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhang
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271017, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271017, China
| | - Zhao-Hong You
- Zaozhuang University School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, No.1, Beian Road, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province 277160, China
| | - Cai-Yu Lian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271017, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271017, China.
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Bhukal A, Kumar V, Raman APS, Kumar A, Singh P, Lal K. Pyrazoline Spiro-oxindole tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular modelling studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10928-3. [PMID: 39060857 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Inspired from the important applications of spirocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry, a new series of pyrazoline Spiro-oxindole tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids was reported via Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction from isatin-pyrazoline linked terminal alkynes with in situ derived benzyl azides. Antimicrobial evaluation data showed that all hybrids exhibited promising efficacy towards the tested microbial strains. Antimicrobial screening as well as docking studies suggested that hybrid 6a was found to be most potent towards Aspergillus niger (MIC = 0.0122 μmol/mL) and Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.0061 μmol/mL). Molecular docking studies of 6a within the binding pockets of antibacterial and antifungal targets revealed good interactions with the binding energies of - 144.544 kcal/mol and - 154.364 kcal/mol against 1KZN (E. coli) and 3D3Z (A. niger), respectively. Further, MD simulations were performed to study the stability of the complexes formed at 300 K. Based on the RMSD trajectories, it is evident that 3D3Z-6a complex exhibits minimal deviation, whereas the 1KZN-6a complex displayed little more deviation compared to the protein but, both are in acceptable range. Moreover, 3D3Z-6a and 1KZN-6a showed maximum number of hydrogen bonds at 50 ns and 70 ns, respectively, thereby complementing the stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhukal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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Jauregui-Zunzunegui S, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Tellez-Plaza M, García-Esquinas E. Glyphosate exposure, muscular health and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118547. [PMID: 38452917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, both in domestic and industrial settings. Experimental research in animal models has demonstrated changes in muscle physiology and reduced contractile strength associated with glyphosate exposure, while epidemiological studies have shown associations between glyphosate exposure and adverse health outcomes in critical biological systems affecting muscle function. METHODS This study used data from a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. general population (NHANES, n = 2132). Urine glyphosate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a Takei Dynamometer, and relative strength estimated as the ratio between HGS in the dominant hand and the appendicular lean mass (ALM) to body mass index (ALMBMI) ratio. Low HGS and low relative HGS were defined as 1 sex-, age- and race-specific SD below the mean. Physical function limitations were identified as significant difficulty or incapacity in various activities. RESULTS In fully-adjusted models, the Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] per doubling increase in glyphosate concentrations were -0.55 [-1.09, -0.01] kg for HGS in the dominant hand, and -0.90 [-1.58. -0.21] kg for HGS/ALMBMI. The Odds Ratios (OR) [95% CI] for low HGS, low relative HGS and functional limitations by glyphosate concentrations were 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] for low HGS; 1.43 [1.05; 1.94] for low relative HGS; 1.33 [1.08, 1.63] for stooping, crouching or kneeling difficulty; 1.17 [0.91, 1.50] for lifting or carrying items weighting up to 10 pounds difficulty; 1.21 [1.01, 1.40] for standing up from armless chair difficulty; and 1.47 [1.05, 2.29] for ascending ten steps without pause difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate exposure may be a risk factor for decreased grip strength and increased physical functional limitations. More studies investigating the influence of this and other environmental pollutants on functional aging are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jauregui-Zunzunegui
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Liang Z, Sun X, Guo R, Wang H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S. Association between glyphosate exposure and osteoarthritis in US adults: Especially in people who are obese and inactive in leisure time physical activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172008. [PMID: 38547993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little has been known on the effect of chronic glyphosate exposure on osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between glyphosate exposure and OA and to further investigate the different moderating effects of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and body mass index (BMI) types on the association between glyphosate exposure and OA. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 2540 participants in the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to explore the association between glyphosate exposure and OA. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to investigate the association between glyphosate exposure and OA, and further analyses were conducted to determine the association between glyphosate exposure and OA under different LTPA and BMI types. RESULTS Of the 2540 participants, 346 had OA. Participants with the highest glyphosate concentration (Q4) had a higher incidence of OA compared to participants with the lowest glyphosate concentration (Q1) (OR, 1.88; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 3.13), there was no nonlinear association between glyphosate and OA (non-linear P = 0.343). In the no LTPA group, glyphosate concentration in the Q4 group was correlated with OA (OR, 2.65; 95%CI: 1.27, 5.51). In the obese group, glyphosate concentration in the Q4 group was correlated with OA (OR, 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.48, 5.07). Among people with high BMI and inactive in LTPA, glyphosate concentrations in Q4 were associated with OA (OR, 2.19; 95 % CI: 1.07, 4.48). CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate is associated with OA odd, and physical activity and moderate weight loss can mitigate this association to some degree. This study provides a scientific basis for rational prevention of OA by regulation of LTPA and BMI under glyphosate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoshuai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruifang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Sazykin I, Naumova E, Azhogina T, Klimova M, Karchava S, Khmelevtsova L, Chernyshenko E, Litsevich A, Khammami M, Sazykina M. Glyphosate effect on biofilms formation, mutagenesis and stress response of E. сoli. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132574. [PMID: 37748310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. There is still no complete clarity about the degree of its genotoxicity and mutagenicity. In addition, its effect on bacterial biofilms, the main life form of soil microbial communities, has not been adequately studied. Toxicity and mutagenicity, as well as changes in the bacterial biofilm biomass, physiological activity, and the number of living cells in its composition in the presence of glyphosate were assessed using the Escherichia coli model. To assess damage to cellular components under the action of this pesticide, luminescent whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors were used. Changes in the level of mutagenesis were studied by the method of rifampicin mutants. High integral toxicity of glyphosate, the average level of increased oxidative stress and protein damage were shown with the help of bacterial biosensors. All the studied concentrations of the pesticide completely or partially suppress the matrix and structure of the E. coli CDC F-50 biofilm formation, as well as the bacterial cells metabolic activity in the biofilm. At the concentrations of 6.7 and 0.67 g/L, glyphosate suppresses mutagenesis, probably due to general suppression of metabolism, and at the concentration of 0.0067 g/L, it enhances mutagenesis by six times compared with the spontaneous level. Suppression of bacterial biofilms formation, toxic effects on microorganisms, and mutagenesis enhancement by glyphosate can lead to negative consequences for natural microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Naumova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Azhogina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Klimova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Shorena Karchava
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Khmelevtsova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Chernyshenko
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alla Litsevich
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita Khammami
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
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Tajai P, Pruksakorn D, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Shinlapawittayatorn K. Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and glyphosate exposure on sex hormones and the reproductive system: From epidemiological evidence to mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104252. [PMID: 37604359 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) containing glyphosate as the active component are extensively used worldwide. Concerns have arisen about their potential risk to human, as glyphosate has been detected in human body fluids. Current controversies surround the endocrine-disrupting properties and transgenerational inheritance of diseases and germline epimutations resulting from exposure to GBHs and glyphosate. This review discusses evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on their impact on sex hormone regulation and reproductive system. Evidence suggests that they act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which altering sex hormone levels. Mechanistically, they interfere with hormone signaling pathways by disrupting proteins involved in hormone transport and metabolism. Pathological changes have been observed in male and female reproductive systems, potentially leading to reproductive toxicity. Prenatal exposure may lead to transgenerational inheritance of pathologies and sperm epimutations. However, due to the complexity of glyphosate formulations containing adjuvants identifying higher risk components in environmental exposure becomes challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preechaya Tajai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Catheterization & Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Catheterization & Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Geier DA, Geier MR. Urine glyphosate exposure and serum sex hormone disruption within the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (NHANES). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137796. [PMID: 36632954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. Numerous in vitro and in vivo model system studies have demonstrated endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) properties associated with glyphosate/GBH exposure. The present hypothesis-testing study evaluated the potential inverse dose-dependent relationship between increasing urinary glyphosate and decreasing concentrations of blood sex hormones. Demographic and newly available lab test data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed with survey regression modeling (adjusted for age, gender, race, and country of birth) in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. A total of 225, 615, 858 weighted-persons (sample n = 2130 persons) were examined for concentrations of urinary glyphosate and serum sex hormones (including: total testosterone, total estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) among males and females, 6 years-old or older. This study revealed about 82% of the population of the United States examined had detectable urinary concentrations of glyphosate. A significant inverse correlation between concentrations of glyphosate and total estradiol and a trend towards an inverse correlation between concentrations of glyphosate and total testosterone were observed. Concentrations of SHBG and glyphosate did not correlate. Ratios of total testosterone:SHBG and total estradiol:SHBG (estimating the fraction of active sex hormones in the blood) were significantly inversely correlated with urinary concentrations of glyphosate. This epidemiological study associates widespread and ongoing glyphosate/GBH exposures with human endocrine-disruptions. Future studies should examine these phenomena in other databases and other endocrine-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, 20905, USA.
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Arrigo E, Gilardi S, Muratori L, Raimondo S, Mancardi D. Biological effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and AMPA on cardiac myoblasts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165868. [PMID: 37168227 PMCID: PMC10164986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is the active compound of different non-selective herbicides, being the most used agriculture pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and AMPA (one of its main metabolites) are common pollutants of water, soil, and food sources such as crops. They can be detected in biological samples from both exposed workers and general population. Despite glyphosate acts as inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, present only in plants and some microorganisms, its safety in mammals is still debated. Acute glyphosate intoxications are correlated to cardiovascular/neuronal damages, but little is known about the effects of the chronic exposure. Methods: We evaluated the direct biological effects of different concentrations of pure glyphosate/AMPA on a rat-derived cell line of cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) in acute (1-2 h) or sub-chronic (24-48 h) settings. We analyzed cell viability/morphology, ROS production and mitochondrial dynamics. Results: Acute exposure to high doses (above 10 mM) of glyphosate and AMPA triggers immediate cytotoxic effects: reduction in cell viability, increased ROS production, morphological alterations and mitochondrial function. When exposed to lower glyphosate concentrations (1 μM-1 mM), H9c2 cells showed only a slight variation in cell viability and ROS production, while mitochondrial dynamic was unvaried. Moreover, the phenotype was completely restored after 48 h of treatment. Surprisingly, the sub-chronic (48 h) treatment with low concentrations (1 μM-1 mM) of AMPA led to a late cytotoxic response, reflected in a reduction in H9c2 viability. Conclusion: The comprehension of the extent of human exposure to these molecules remains pivotal to have a better critical view of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
| | - Sara Gilardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
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Roychoudhury S, Jha NK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Mutagenic factors in the environment impacting human and animal health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61967-61971. [PMID: 35917065 PMCID: PMC9343574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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