1
|
Ali M, Aslam A, Qadeer A, Javied S, Nisar N, Hassan N, Hussain A, Ali B, Iqbal R, Chaudhary T, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7553. [PMID: 38555358 PMCID: PMC10981706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Pistia stratiotes for treatment of domestic wastewater in a free surface water flow constructed wetland. The objective of the study was to evaluate contaminants removal efficiency of the constructed wetland vegetated with P. stratiotes in treatment of domestic wastewater against Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10, 20 and 30 days was investigated. This asks for newer and efficient low-cost nature-based water treatment system which along with cost takes into consideration the sustainability of the ecosystem. Five constructed wetland setups improved the wastewater quality and purify it significantly by reducing the TDS by 83%, TSS by 82%, BOD by 82%, COD by 81%, Chloride by 80%, Sulfate by 77%, NH3 by 84% and Total Oil and Grease by 74%. There was an increase in pH of about 11.9%. Color and odor of wastewater was also improved significantly and effectively. It was observed that 30 days' HRT was optimum for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The final effluent was found to be suitable as per national environmental quality standards and recycled for watering plants and crop irrigation but not for drinking purposes. The treatment in constructed wetland system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and operational and maintenance cost very minimal. Even this research was conducted on the sole purpose of commuting the efficiency of pollutant removal in short span time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aslam
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Sabiha Javied
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Numrah Nisar
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nayyer Hassan
- English Department, University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefanatou A, Markoulatou E, Koukmenidis I, Vouzi L, Petousi I, Stasinakis AS, Rizzo A, Masi F, Akriotis T, Fountoulakis MS. Use of ornamental plants in floating treatment wetlands for greywater treatment in urban areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169448. [PMID: 38135068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands are considered a promising and low-cost technology for the treatment of polluted water and wastewater. However, their functionality and efficiency in different types of wastewater are not fully understood. In this study, several ornamental plant species (monocultures: Canna sp., Iris sp., polyculture: Iris orientalis, Cyperus sp., Acorus gramineus) were tested in two different types of floating mats, including a media supported floating mat (MSFM) or a simple plastic grid, and evaluated for optimal removal of the studied pollutants. The results regarding pollutant removal revealed that planted systems grown in MSFM achieved significantly higher removal rates (up to 90 %) compared to the plastic grid (up to 80 %). Statistically significant higher removal rates were obtained for the planted systems compared to the unplanted systems either grown in MSFM (for turbidity (planted: 82-90 %; unplanted: 44 %), COD (planted: 74-84 %; unplanted: 32 %) and BOD5 (planted: 76-85 %; unplanted: 51 %), respectively) or grown in the plastic grid (for turbidity (planted: 64-78 %; unplanted: 44 %) and COD (planted: 43-75 %; unplanted: 32 %), respectively). During the experimental period (7 months), all plants managed to survive and withstand the weather variations. The plants in polyculture followed by Iris sp. plants in plastic grid floating mats were better adapted, as indicated by maximum quantum efficiency of PSII values and chlorophyll content index, while all the plants were considered well adapted in the MSFM. Overall, the implementation of floating treatment wetlands with ornamental vegetation for greywater treatment in urban areas seems to be a sustainable and efficient approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia Stefanatou
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece.
| | | | - Ilias Koukmenidis
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Lydia Vouzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ioanna Petousi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | | | | | - Fabio Masi
- IRIDRA Srl, via La Marmora 51, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui H, Yang Y, Zhang X, Dong L, Yang Y, Huang M, He Y, Lu X, Zhen G. Nitrogen removal and microbial mechanisms in a novel tubular bioreactor-enhanced floating treatment wetland for the treatment of high nitrate river water. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10767. [PMID: 35941098 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel tubular bioreactor-enhanced floating treatment wetland (TB-EFTW) was developed for the in situ treatment of high nitrate river water. When compared with the enhanced floating treatment wetland (EFTW), the TB-EFTW system achieved 30% higher total nitrogen removal efficiency. Further, the average TN level of the TB-EFTW effluent was below the Grade IV requirement (1.5 mg/L) specified in Chinese standard (GB3838-2002). Microbial analysis revealed that both aerobic and anoxic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in the new system. The relative abundance of aerobic and anoxic denitrifiers were 42.69% and 22% at the middle and end of the tubular bioreactor (TB), respectively. It is reasonable to assume that effective nitrogen removal can mainly be attributed to the addition of solid carbon source and the spatial difference in DO distribution (oxic-anoxic areas in sequence) inside the TB. The initial investment cost and operating costs associated with the TB-EFTW system are approximately 14,000 and 3500 yuan per 1000 m3 river water, respectively. Considering its low cost, minimal maintenance requirements, and effective nitrogen removal, this newly developed system can be regarded as a promising technology for treating high nitrate river water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A novel TB-EFTW system was developed to upgrade traditional in situ treatment techniques. The TB-EFTW could achieve 30% higher nitrogen removal efficiency than EFTWs. Both aerobic and anoxic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in the system. The system shows better technical and economic performance compared with routine techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Cui
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yinchuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Minsheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan He
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cicero-Fernandez D, Expósito-Camargo JA, Peña-Fernandez M. Efficacy of Juncus maritimus floating treatment saltmarsh as anti-contamination barrier for saltwater aquaculture pollution control. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2811-2826. [PMID: 35638789 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment saltmarsh (FTS) is a new concept proposed to name floating treatment wetlands made of estuarine halophytes especially engineered for the control of contamination in brackish and saline waterbodies. The first full-scale FTS was implemented in 2018 to create an anti-contamination barrier for saline aquaculture wastewater treatment in an estuarine tidal lagoon. Results of a two-year investigation validated 'Phytobatea' modular technology for floating wetlands implementation and operation. Juncus maritimus crossflow FTS efficiency on main mariculture wastewater constituents' removal under low hydraulic retention time was remarkable, i.e., total phosphorus (86%), total suspended solids (82%), biochemical oxygen demand (78%), total organic carbon (55%), turbidity (53%), Escherichia coli (30%), and dissolved oxygen increased (19%). Key features of the native halophyte Juncus maritimus were determined to ensure 75-100% survival under high water salinities up to 38 g/L. A scientific literature review confirmed strategic sectors' growing interest in Juncus maritimus as raw material, supporting its possible cultivation as an added-value by-product within integrated aquaculture systems. Plants' root systems colonization by crabs, shrimps, and young individuals of the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla), revealed the role of FTS for biodiversity conservation, and its potential as functional habitat, nursery, and refuge for aquatic fauna species in contaminated waterbodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Cicero-Fernandez
- Asociación RIA, Oficina 210, Centro Municipal de Empresas, Polígono de Trascueto, Revilla de Camargo 39600, Spain E-mail:
| | - J A Expósito-Camargo
- Asociación RIA, Oficina 210, Centro Municipal de Empresas, Polígono de Trascueto, Revilla de Camargo 39600, Spain E-mail:
| | - M Peña-Fernandez
- Asociación RIA, Oficina 210, Centro Municipal de Empresas, Polígono de Trascueto, Revilla de Camargo 39600, Spain E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen S, Geng Z, Li X, Lu X. Evaluation of phosphorus removal in floating treatment wetlands: New insights in non-reactive phosphorus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152896. [PMID: 34998752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excess phosphorus (P) in surface runoff has significant deleterious impacts on water quality through eutrophication. Commonly, P is transported via non-point pollution and the proportion of easily plant-available reactive P (RP) among other P forms may vary significantly. Non-reactive P (NRP) can potentially contribute to the eutrophication of waterbodies, however the cleavage into bio-available P forms and eventually their biological uptake remains uncertain. This holds also true for floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) which became established as nutrient mitigation measures for surface waters in recent years. However, little information is available about the conversion and removal of NRP in FTWs. In this study, the conversion and removal of different forms of P in FTWs were investigated. Experiments were operated in batch mode and treatments consisted of (1) two concentration levels: a high P concentration of 3.0 mg/L and a low P concentration of 1.0 mg/L, and (2) four mesocosm treatments: (a) artificial roots only, (b) substrates only, (c) plants only, (d) plants and substrates. The results showed that RP removal mainly depended on sedimentation, substrate sorption, and biological assimilation. The removal of NRP mainly depended on hydrolysis, microbial-mediated conversion, and biological absorption. The combination of plant and substrate provided stable and efficient phosphorus removal performance in high P conditions, while plants were important for P removal in low P conditions. Living plants were indispensable and greatly affected the performance of FTWs. The specific enrichment and culling of microorganisms by plants resulted in the formation of specific rhizosphere microbial communities and promoted the removal of NRP. Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Acidovorax might be responsible for P mineralization in the FTWs. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the conversion and removal pathways of P in the FTWs were not mutually independent, and the plant-microbe-substrate interactions cannot be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Zhuofan Geng
- Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|