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Jung J, Wilkins JL, Schollaert CL, Masuda YJ, Flunker JC, Connolly RE, D'Evelyn SM, Bonillia E, Rappold AG, Haugo RD, Marlier ME, Spector JT. Advancing the community health vulnerability index for wildland fire smoke exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167834. [PMID: 37839481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire smoke risks are not uniformly distributed across people and places, and the most vulnerable communities are often disproportionately impacted. This study develops a county level community health vulnerability index (CHVI) for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) using three major vulnerability components: adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure at the national and regional level. We first calculated sensitivity and adaptive capacity sub-indices using nine sensitivity and twenty adaptive capacity variables. These sub-indices were then combined with an exposure sub-index, which is based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality data (2008-2018), to develop CHVI. Finally, we conducted several analyses with the derived indices to: 1) explore associations between the level of fine particulate matter from wildland fires (fire-PM2.5) and the sub-indices/CHVI; 2) measure the impact of fire-PM2.5 on the increase in the annual number of days with 12-35 μg/m3 (moderate) and >35 μg/m3 (at or above unhealthy for sensitive groups) based on the US EPA Air Quality Index categories, and 3) calculate population size in different deciles of the sub-indices/CHVI. This study has three main findings. First, we showed that the counties with higher daily fire-PM2.5 concentration tend to have lower adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity and vulnerability. Relatedly, the counties at high risk tended to experience a greater increase in the annual number of days with 12-35 μg/m3 and >35 μg/m3 than their counterparts. Second, we found that 16.1, 12.0, and 17.6 million people out of 332 million in CONUS reside in the counties in the lowest adaptive capacity decile, highest sensitivity decile, and highest vulnerability decile, respectively. Third, we identified that the US Northwest, California, and Southern regions tended to have higher vulnerability than others. Accurately identifying a community's vulnerability to wildfire smoke can help individuals, researchers, and policymakers better understand, prepare for, and respond to future wildland fire events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Jung
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph L Wilkins
- Interdisciplinary Studies Department, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire L Schollaert
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuta J Masuda
- Partnerships and Programs, Vulcan LLC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John C Flunker
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel E Connolly
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Savannah M D'Evelyn
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eimy Bonillia
- Interdisciplinary Studies Department, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Miriam E Marlier
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - June T Spector
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Gan X, Zhang Y, He P, Ye Z, Zhou C, Liu M, Yang S, Zhang Y, Qin X. Positive association between ambient air pollutants and incident kidney stones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124067-124077. [PMID: 37996579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association between exposure to various air pollutants, individually or jointly, and incident kidney stones, and examine whether genetic susceptibility for kidney stones may modify this association. 453,977 participants without prior kidney stones from the UK Biobank were included. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, NO2, and NOx were estimated with a land use regression model. A weighted air pollution score was constructed that incorporates the five pollutants mentioned above. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with kidney stones. The primary outcome was incident kidney stones. During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 5,375 kidney stones were recorded. The adjusted HRs (95%CI) of incident kidney stones were 1.04 (1.01-1.07), 1.02 (1.00-1.05), 1.03 (1.01-1.06), 1.05 (1.02-1.08), and 1.04 (1.01-1.07), for per standard deviation (SD) increment in PM2.5 (SD:1.06 μg/m3), PM2.5-10 (SD:0.90 μg/m3), PM10 (SD:1.90 μg/m3), NO2 (SD:7.63 μg/m3), and NOx (SD: 15.63 μg/m3), respectively. Moreover, there was a significantly linear association between the air pollution score and incident kidney stones (per SD increment: HR, 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08), especially in those without diabetes (vs. participants with diabetes; P-interaction = 0.037). In addition, the association between air pollution and kidney stones was statistically significant only in participants within intermediate-high kidney stone GRS, but not in those with low GRS kidney stone, though the interaction was not significant (P-interaction = 0.385). In conclusion, exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of incident kidney stones, calling for the need to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Gan
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Hu J, Wang F, Shen H. The influence of PM 2.5 exposure duration and concentration on outpatient visits of urban hospital in a typical heavy industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115098-115110. [PMID: 37880395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
To explain the duration and dose effects of pollutant exposure on public health and provide scientific data for air pollution prevention and control and disease prevention by examining the influence of PM2.5 concentration and exposure duration on daily outpatient visits among patients with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases in a typical heavy industrial city in China. Daily outpatient data on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases and regional PM2.5 exposure duration and concentration were collected from a provincial hospital in Taiyuan, China, from 2016 to 2021. The correlations of numeric variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method. A generalized additive model (GAMs) was also established to investigate the effects of PM2.5 concentration and exposure duration on outpatient visits. Correlation analysis showed that the outpatient visits in Taiyuan was significantly correlated with the PM2.5 concentration and exposure duration. The longer the exposure time of PM2.5 pollution, the stronger the correlation of PM2.5 with outpatient visits showed. Cardiovascular outpatient visits were extremely significant related with medium to long-term exposure of PM2.5 (exposure with more than 30 days) (p < 0.001). In addition, outpatient visits of cerebrovascular and respiratory disease were extremely significant correlated with PM2.5 (exposures within 0-360 days) (p < 0.001). The results of GAMs showed the linear or the nonlinear relationships between outpatient visits and exposure of PM2.5. Among the linear relationships, when average concentration of PM2.5 (exposure within less than 15 days) increased by 1 mg/m3, the cardiovascular outpatient visits increased most dramatically (by about 440 people). For nonlinear relationships, when the average PM2.5 concentration (exposure with over 30 days or more) increased by 1 mg/m3, the most dramatic increase occurred in cardiovascular outpatient visits (with a maximum increase of 7000), followed by cerebrovascular outpatient visits (with a maximum increase of 1200), and respiratory outpatient visits (with a maximum increase of 250). The GAMs also revealed a dose effect in the relationship between outpatient visits and PM2.5 exposure. In moderately polluted air (based on air quality standards of China, GB3095-2012), when the average concentration of PM2.5 increased by 1 mg/m3, the cardiovascular outpatient visits increased the most (by 1200 people), followed by cerebrovascular outpatient visits (by 200 people) and respiratory outpatient visits (by 20 people). We concluded that outpatient visits in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory disease are closely correlated with the concentration and exposure duration of air pollution. There is a linear relationship between short-term air pollution exposure (exposure within less than 15 days) and outpatient visits. As PM2.5 concentration increases, cardiovascular outpatient visits increase gradually, with its growth trend exceeding that of cerebrovascular and respiratory disease. There is a nonlinear relationship between medium and long-term air pollution exposure (exposure with more than 30 days) and outpatient visits, with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outpatient visits showed a nonlinear but overall upward trend when the atmosphere is moderately polluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Hu
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, No. 18 Yifen Road, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
- Sports Science Institute, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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Phung VLH, Uttajug A, Ueda K, Yulianti N, Latif MT, Naito D. A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274433. [PMID: 36107927 PMCID: PMC9477317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke haze due to vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia is a serious public health concern. Several approaches have been applied in previous studies; however, the concepts and interpretations of these approaches are poorly understood. In this scoping review, we addressed issues related to the application of epidemiology (EPI), health burden estimation (HBE), and health risk assessment (HRA) approaches, and discussed the interpretation of findings, and current research gaps. Most studies reported an air quality index exceeding the ‘unhealthy’ level, especially during smoke haze periods. Although smoke haze is a regional issue in Southeast Asia, studies on its related health effects have only been reported from several countries in the region. Each approach revealed increased health effects in a distinct manner: EPI studies reported excess mortality and morbidity during smoke haze compared to non-smoke haze periods; HBE studies estimated approximately 100,000 deaths attributable to smoke haze in the entire Southeast Asia considering all-cause mortality and all age groups, which ranged from 1,064–260,000 for specified mortality cause, age group, study area, and study period; HRA studies quantified potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks due to exposure to smoke-related chemicals. Currently, there is a lack of interconnection between these three approaches. The EPI approach requires extensive effort to investigate lifetime health effects, whereas the HRA approach needs to clarify the assumptions in exposure assessments to estimate lifetime health risks. The HBE approach allows the presentation of health impact in different scenarios, however, the risk functions used are derived from EPI studies from other regions. Two recent studies applied a combination of the EPI and HBE approaches to address uncertainty issues due to the selection of risk functions. In conclusion, all approaches revealed potential health risks due to smoke haze. Nonetheless, future studies should consider comparable exposure assessments to allow the integration of the three approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Attica Uttajug
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nina Yulianti
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
- Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daisuke Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Li X, Zhou LX, Yang LL, Huang XL, Wang N, Hu YG, Tang EJ, Xiao H, Zhou YM, Li YF, Lu YG, Cai TJ. The relationship between short-term PM 2.5 exposure and outpatient visits for acne vulgaris in Chongqing, China: a time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61502-61511. [PMID: 35442002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many researches have reported the air pollution impacts, either long term or short term, on inflammatory skin diseases, but there are few studies on the relation between PM2.5 and acne vulgaris. To determine the correlation between short-term PM2.5 exposure and acne outpatient visits, data for 120,842 acne vulgaris outpatient visits between December 2013 and December 2019 were obtained from three large hospitals in Chongqing, China. Both single-pollutant models and two-pollutant models were established to explore the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and acne outpatient visits. The stratified analyses were conducted through two-sample z-tests to investigate the possible gender (male or female) and age (< 25 years or ≥ 25 years) differences in PM2.5 effects. The results demonstrated positive correlations between PM2.5 concentrations and acne outpatient visits. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.71% (95% CI: 1.06-2.36%) increase in acne outpatient visits at lag 0-7 day. Stratified analyses showed that PM2.5 effects were greater in individuals aged ≥ 25 years than those aged < 25 years, but no gender difference was found. In conclusion, short-term PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with the risk of acne outpatient visits, especially for people ≥ 25 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lai-Xin Zhou
- Medical Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Information, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Long Huang
- Medical Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Medical Department, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yue-Gu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - En-Jie Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Siregar S, Idiawati N, Pan WC, Yu KP. Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease: evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21156-21165. [PMID: 34750763 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in Indonesia, accounting for one-third of all deaths. Indonesian authorities started to monitor PM2.5 levels in urban areas in 2015. However, there is still no study examining the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and CVD in Indonesia. In this study, we combined PM2.5 data and health survey data. Long-term (2000-2007) exposure to PM2.5 was measured based on satellite-derived aerosol optical depth measurements (1 × 1 km2) that could be used to predict ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. Population data on residents of Sumatra Island were obtained from the fourth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). A cross-sectional study was performed with 2324 participants who were aged ≥ 40 years old, and a report of doctor-diagnosed CVD determined CVD status. We used logistic regression to analyze the association between PM2.5 and CVD prevalence, adjusting for multiple covariates. Of the sample, 52.1% were women, and 47.9% were men. The sample was divided into those aged 40-59 (adults) and those ≥ 60 (older adults). The CVD prevalence was 4.05% (n = 94), with a mean (standard deviation) PM2.5 concentration of 14.4 (6.4) µg/m3. In adjusted models, a 10-µg/m3 increase in annual average PM2.5 levels was associated with 29% higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.47). In this population-based IFLS data, long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with a higher prevalence of CVD in Sumatera, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepridawati Siregar
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Mineral Technology, AKPRIND Institute of Science & Technology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nora Idiawati
- Faculty of Math and Science, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pin Yu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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