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Li JL, Gan CD, Du XY, Yuan XY, Zhong WL, Yang MQ, Liu R, Li XY, Wang H, Liao YL, Wang Z, Xu MC, Yang JY. Distribution, risk evaluation, and source allocation of cesium and strontium in surface soil in a mining city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:270. [PMID: 38954122 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive nuclides cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) possess long half-lives, with 135Cs at approximately 2.3 million years and 87Sr at about 49 billion years. Their persistent accumulation can result in long-lasting radioactive contamination of soil ecosystems. This study employed geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PEPI), health risk assessment model (HRA), and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the pollution and health risks of Cs and Sr in the surface soil of different functional areas in a typical mining city in China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to elucidate the potential sources of Cs and Sr and the respective contribution rates of natural and anthropogenic sources. The findings indicate that soils in the mining area exhibited significantly higher levels of Cs and Sr pollution compared to smelting factory area, agricultural area, and urban residential area. Strontium did not pose a potential ecological risk in any studied functional area. The non-carcinogenic health risk of Sr to the human body in the study area was relatively low. Because of the lack of parameters for Cs, the potential ecological and human health risks of Cs was not calculated. The primary source of Cs in the soil was identified as the parent material from which the soil developed, while Sr mainly originated from associated contamination caused by mining activities. This research provides data for the control of Cs and Sr pollution in the surface soil of mining city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Chun-Dan Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yuan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zhong
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Meng-Qi Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, 150000, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mu-Cheng Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Zhang J, Li J, Su Y, Chen C, Chen L, Huang X, Wang F, Huang Y, Wang G. Interannual evolution of the chemical composition, sources and processes of PM 2.5 in Chengdu, China: Insights from observations in four winters. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:32-45. [PMID: 38135399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and, correspondingly, the characteristics of PM2.5 have also changed. We studied the interannual variation of PM2.5 in Chengdu, one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China, during the most polluted season (winter). Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 decreased significantly year-by-year, from 195.8 ± 91.0 µg/m3 in winter 2016 to 96.1 ± 39.3 µg/m3 in winter 2020. The mass concentrations of organic matter (OM), SO42-, NH4+ and NO3- decreased by 49.6%, 57.1%, 49.7% and 28.7%, respectively. The differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO3- and there was a larger contribution from mobile sources. The contribution of OM and NO3- not only increased with increasing levels of pollution, but also increased year-by-year at the same level of pollution. Four sources of PM2.5 were identified: combustion sources, vehicular emissions, dust and secondary aerosols. Secondary aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year, from 40.6% in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter 2020. By contrast, the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%. Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants (e.g., OM and NO3-) and sources (secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions) in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yunfei Su
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Fangzheng Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yawen Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Kaumbekova S, Amouei Torkmahalleh M, Umezawa M, Wang Y, Shah D. Effect of carbonaceous ultrafine particles on the structure and oligomerization of Aβ 42 peptide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121273. [PMID: 36780974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pervasive air pollutants on human health is a growing concern in scientific communities. Among different air pollutants, ultrafine particles (UFPs; with aerodynamic diameter <100 nm) might pass through biological barriers and have a severe impact on human health, including early progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A significant fraction of UFPs consists of carbonaceous compounds, composed of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC). While in-vivo experimental studies showed the neurotoxicity of typical OC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the molecular interactions involved in the progression of AD remain unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the impact of carbonaceous UFPs on the structure of the Aβ42 monomer and the oligomerization of four Aβ42 peptides, associated with the development of AD. For the simulations, a fullerene (C60) was used for the modeling of EC, while benzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P) was used for the modeling of OC. The results revealed that the presence of C60 accelerated the tetramerization of Aβ42 peptides by 2.5 times, while C60/B[a]P promoted the unfolding of the peptide monomer showing the strongest interactions with the Aβ42 monomer. Similarly, C60/4B[a]P decreased the number of helices in the secondary structure of the peptide monomer by 60%. The simplified UFP models in this study, promoted the early aggregation of peptides to dimers, suggesting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samal Kaumbekova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dhawal Shah
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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