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Mechri S, Jabeur F, Bessadok B, Moumnassi S, Idrissi Yahyaoui M, Mannani N, Asehraou A, Mensi F, Vita S, D'Amore P, Di Bella C, Lo Monaco D, Abousalham A, Sadok S, Le Roes-Hill M, Jaouadi B. Production of a new chitinase from Nocardiopsis halophila TN-X8 utilizing bio-waste from the blue swimming crab: enzyme characterization and immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45217-45233. [PMID: 38958861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In accordance with the framework of the Circular Blue Bioeconomy in the Mediterranean region, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biotransformation of blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) residues obtained from the port of Sfax by an extracellular chitinase produced by Nocardiopsis halophila strain TN-X8 isolated from Chott El Jerid (Tozeur, Tunisia). From the analysis of multiple extremophilic Actinomycetota, it was determined that strain TN-X8 exclusively utilized 60 g/L of raw blue swimming crab as its carbon and energy source, achieving a chitinase activity of approximately 950 U/mL following a 6-day incubation period at 40 °C. Pure chitinase, designated as ChiA-Nh30, was obtained after heat treatment, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephacryl® S-200 column chromatography. The maximum ChiA-Nh30 activity was observed at pH 3 and 75 °C. Interestingly, compared with cyclohexamidine, ChiA-Nh30 showed a good antifungal effect against four pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, when using colloidal chitin as substrate, ChiA-Nh30 demonstrated a higher degree of catalytic efficiency than the commercially available Chitodextrinase®. In addition, ChiA-Nh30 could be immobilized by applying encapsulation and encapsulation-adsorption techniques. The kaolin and charcoal used acted as excellent binders, resulting in improved ChiA-Nh30 stability. For the immobilized ChiA-Nh30, the yield of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers released from 20% (w/v) blue swimming crab residues increased by 3.1 (kaolin) and 2.65 (charcoal) times, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Bessadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Sara Moumnassi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Meryem Idrissi Yahyaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nysrine Mannani
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnologies and Environment (BIOMARE), Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida (FS El Jadida), Chouaib Doukkali University (UCD), Road of Ben Maachou, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fethi Mensi
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Stefano Vita
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Amore
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Di Bella
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Monaco
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Zhang Z, Ma Z, Song L, Farag MA. Maximizing crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster) by-products value for optimum valorization practices: A comparative review of their active ingredients, extraction, bioprocesses and applications. J Adv Res 2024; 57:59-76. [PMID: 37931655 PMCID: PMC10918363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of the three major crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, and crab) is associated with inevitable by-products, high waste disposal costs, environmental and human health issues, loss of multiple biomaterials (chitin, protein hydrolysates, lipids, astaxanthin and minerals). Nowadays, these bioresources are underutilized owing to the lack of effective and standardized technologies to convert these materials into valued industrial forms. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the various bioactive ingredients and applications within major crustaceans by-products. This review aims to compare various extraction methods in crustaceans by-products, which will aid identify a more workable platform to minimize waste disposal and maximize its value for best valorization practices. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The fully integrated applications (agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paper industries, etc.) of multiple biomaterials from crustaceans by-products are presented. The pros and cons of the various extraction methods, including chemical (acid and alkali), bioprocesses (enzymatic or fermentation), physical (microwave, ultrasound, hot water and carbonic acid process), solvent (ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, EDTA) and electrochemistry are detailed. The rapid development of corresponding biotechnological attempts present a simple, fast, effective, clean, and controllable bioprocess for the comprehensive utilization of crustacean waste that has yet to be applied at an industrial level. One feasible way for best valorization practices is to combine innovative extraction techniques with industrially applicable technologies to efficiently recover these valuable components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt.
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Vieira H, Lestre GM, Solstad RG, Cabral AE, Botelho A, Helbig C, Coppola D, de Pascale D, Robbens J, Raes K, Lian K, Tsirtsidou K, Leal MC, Scheers N, Calado R, Corticeiro S, Rasche S, Altintzoglou T, Zou Y, Lillebø AI. Current and Expected Trends for the Marine Chitin/Chitosan and Collagen Value Chains. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:605. [PMID: 38132926 PMCID: PMC10744996 DOI: 10.3390/md21120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin/chitosan and collagen are two of the most important bioactive compounds, with applications in the pharmaceutical, veterinary, nutraceutical, cosmetic, biomaterials, and other industries. When extracted from non-edible parts of fish and shellfish, by-catches, and invasive species, their use contributes to a more sustainable and circular economy. The present article reviews the scientific knowledge and publication trends along the marine chitin/chitosan and collagen value chains and assesses how researchers, industry players, and end-users can bridge the gap between scientific understanding and industrial applications. Overall, research on chitin/chitosan remains focused on the compound itself rather than its market applications. Still, chitin/chitosan use is expected to increase in food and biomedical applications, while that of collagen is expected to increase in biomedical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications. Sustainable practices, such as the reuse of waste materials, contribute to strengthen both value chains; the identified weaknesses include the lack of studies considering market trends, social sustainability, and profitability, as well as insufficient examination of intellectual property rights. Government regulations, market demand, consumer preferences, technological advancements, environmental challenges, and legal frameworks play significant roles in shaping both value chains. Addressing these factors is crucial for seizing opportunities, fostering sustainability, complying with regulations, and maintaining competitiveness in these constantly evolving value chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Vieira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.V.); (G.M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Gonçalo Moura Lestre
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.V.); (G.M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Runar Gjerp Solstad
- Nofima Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (R.G.S.); (K.L.); (T.A.)
| | - Ana Elisa Cabral
- ECOMARE, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Anabela Botelho
- GOVCOPP—Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies, DEGEIT, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Helbig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Johan Robbens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ILVO, Aquatic Environment and Quality, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium; (J.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (K.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Kjersti Lian
- Nofima Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (R.G.S.); (K.L.); (T.A.)
| | - Kyriaki Tsirtsidou
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ILVO, Aquatic Environment and Quality, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium; (J.R.); (K.T.)
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (K.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Miguel C. Leal
- ECOMARE, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Sofia Corticeiro
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.V.); (G.M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefan Rasche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Themistoklis Altintzoglou
- Nofima Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (R.G.S.); (K.L.); (T.A.)
| | - Yang Zou
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (K.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ana I. Lillebø
- ECOMARE, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (R.C.)
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Sixto-Berrocal AM, Vázquez-Aldana M, Miranda-Castro SP, Martínez-Trujillo MA, Cruz-Díaz MR. Chitin/chitosan extraction from shrimp shell waste by a completely biotechnological process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123204. [PMID: 36634792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two lactic bacteria were used in sequential co-cultures to demineralize (DM) and deproteinize (DP) shrimp shells (SS) to obtain chitin. During the first 24 h, Lactobacillus delbrueckii performed the DM in a minimal medium containing 100 g/L SS and 50 g/L glucose. Then, three different conditions were assayed to complete DM and perform the DP stage: 1) Bifidobacterium lactis was added with 35 g/L of glucose (Ld-G → Bl-G); 2) only B. lactis was added (Ld-G → Bl); and 3) a 35 g/L pulse of glucose was added, and at 48 h, B. lactis was inoculated (Ld-G → G → Bl). The highest DM (98.63 %) and DP (88 %) were obtained using a glucose pulse in the DM step and controlling the pH value above 6.0 in the DP step. Finally, a deacetylases cocktail produced by Aspergillus niger catalyzed the deacetylation of the resulting chitin. The chitosan samples had a deacetylation degree higher than 78 % and a solubility of 25 % in 1.0 N acetic acid. The deacetylation yield was 74 % after a mild chemical treatment, with a molecular weight of 71.31 KDa. This work reports an entirely biological process to get chitin and chitosan from SS with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Sixto-Berrocal
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Vázquez-Aldana
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico
| | - Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro
- Área de las Ciencias Biológicas, Químicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico
| | - M Aurora Martínez-Trujillo
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico.
| | - Martín R Cruz-Díaz
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico.
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Galal-Khallaf A, Al-Awthan YS, Al-Duais MA, Mohammed-Geba K. Nile crab Potamonautes niloticus shell extract: Chromatographic and molecular elucidation of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106023. [PMID: 35853295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diseases emerging from oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalance are deeply threatening the modern world. Fisheries by-products are rich in bioactive metabolites. However, they are usually discarded, posing a real environmental burden. Herein we aimed to explore the bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the shell of the freshwater Nile crab Potamonautes niloticus. Methanolic extract of crab shell was subjected to GC/MS and HPLC analyses of total lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Also, zebrafish Danio rerio was subjected to inflammatory status using CuSO4, then treated with different doses of shell extract. Total antioxidant capacity and QPCR analyses for gene expression of different antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase(sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb), interleukin 1-Beta (il-1b) were assessed. The results showed the richness of crab shell extract with ω - 9 (32.78 %), ω - 7 (6.37 %), and ω - 6 (4 %) unsaturated fatty acids. Diverse phenolic acids and flavonoids were found, dominaed by Benzoic acid (11.24 µg mL-1), Syringic acid (11.4 µg mL-1), Ferulic acid (10.55 µg mL-1), Kampferol (9.47 µg mL-1), Quercetin (6.33 µg mL-1), and Naringin (4.16 µg mL-1). Crab extract also increased the total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress enzymeś mRNA levels by 1.3-2.15 folds. It down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokineś mRNA levels by 1.3-2 folds in comparison to positive control (CuSO4-induced) zebrafishes. The net results indicated that Nile crab shell extract is a rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. Therefore, we recommend to continuously explore the bioactive capabilities of exoskeletons of different shellfish species. This can provide additive values for these products and reduce the environmental burden of their irresponsible discarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Galal-Khallaf
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Yahya S Al-Awthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A Al-Duais
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States.
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Effectively inhibiting the degradation of chitin during extraction from crustacean waste via a novel deep eutectic solvent aqueous solution. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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