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Xuemei X, Kejia D, Weishan L, Tingxu F, Fei L, Xijie W. Indirect influence of soil enzymes and their stoichiometry on soil organic carbon response to warming and nitrogen deposition in the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381891. [PMID: 38694804 PMCID: PMC11061507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the impact of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon components, the response mechanisms of microbial community composition and enzyme activity to soil organic carbon remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon components in the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of microbial characteristics, including soil microbial community, enzyme activity, and stoichiometry, on organic carbon components. Results indicated that both warming and nitrogen deposition significantly increased soil organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon. The interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition influenced soil carbon components, with soil organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, and dissolved organic carbon reaching maximum values in the W0N32 treatment, while microbial biomass carbon peaked in the W3N32 treatment. Warming and nitrogen deposition also significantly increased soil Cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Warming decreased the soil enzyme C: N ratio and C:P ratio but increased the soil enzyme N:P ratio, while nitrogen deposition had the opposite effect. The bacterial Chao1 index and Shannon index increased significantly under warming conditions, particularly in the N32 treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in the fungal Chao1 index and Shannon index with warming and nitrogen addition. Structural equation modeling revealed that soil organic carbon components were directly influenced by the negative impact of warming and the positive impact of nitrogen deposition. Furthermore, warming and nitrogen deposition altered soil bacterial community composition, specifically Gemmatimonadota and Nitrospirota, resulting in a positive impact on soil enzyme activity, particularly soil alkaline phosphatase and β-xylosidase, and enzyme stoichiometry, including N:P and C:P ratios. In summary, changes in soil organic carbon components under warming and nitrogen deposition in the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau primarily depend on the composition of soil bacterial communities, soil enzyme activity, and stoichiometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De Kejia
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Wan L, Liu G, Cheng H, Yang S, Shen Y, Su X. Global warming changes biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of different components in terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:7102-7116. [PMID: 37837281 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has significantly affected terrestrial ecosystems. Biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of plants and soil is crucial for enhancing plant productivity, improving human nutrition, and regulating biogeochemical cycles. However, the effect of warming on the biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of different components (plant, leaf, stem, root, litter, soil, and microbial biomass) in various terrestrial ecosystems remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the global patterns of biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry responses to warming, as well as interaction relationships based on 1399 paired observations from 105 warming studies. Results indicated that warming had a significant impact on various aspects of plant growth, including an increase in plant biomass (+16.55%), plant C:N ratio (+4.15%), leaf biomass (+16.78%), stem biomass (+23.65%), root biomass (+22.00%), litter C:N ratio (+9.54%) and soil C:N ratio (+5.64%). However, it also decreased stem C:P ratio (-23.34%), root C:P ratio (-12.88%), soil N:P ratio (-14.43%) and soil C:P ratio (-16.33%). The magnitude of warming was the primary drivers of changes of biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry. By establishing the general response curves of changes in biomass and C:N:P ratios with increasing temperature, we demonstrated that warming effect on plant, root, and litter biomass shifted from negative to positive, whereas that on leaf and stem biomass changed from positive to negative as temperature increased. Additionally, the effect of warming on root C:N ratio, root biomass, and microbial biomass N:P ratios shifted from positive to negative, whereas the effects on plant N:P, leaf N:P, leaf C:P, root N:P ratios, and microbial biomass C:N ratio changed from negative to positive with increasing temperature. Our research can help assess plant productivity and optimize ecosystem stoichiometry precisely in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shishuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xukun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santiago JM, Hallman LM, Fox JP, Pitino M, Shatters RG, Cano LM, Rossi L. Impacts of Oak Mulch Amendments on Rhizosphere Microbiome of Citrus Trees Grown in Florida Flatwood Soils. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2764. [PMID: 38004775 PMCID: PMC10673100 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere interactions are an understudied component of citrus production. This is even more important in Florida flatwood soils, which pose significant challenges in achieving sustainable and effective fruit production due to low natural fertility and organic matter. Citrus growers apply soil amendments, including oak mulch, to ameliorate their soil conditions. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of oak mulch on citrus nutrient uptake, soil characteristics, and rhizosphere composition. The plant material consisted of 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) trees grafted on 'US-812' (C. reticulata × C. trifoliata) rootstock. The experiment consisted of two treatments, which included trees treated with oak mulch (300 kg of mulch per plot) and a control. The soil and leaf nutrient contents, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, moisture, temperature, and rhizosphere bacterial compositions were examined over the course of one year (spring and fall 2021). During the spring samplings, the citrus trees treated with oak mulch resulted in significantly greater soil Zn and Mn contents, greater soil moisture, and greater rhizosphere bacterial diversity compared to the control, while during the fall samplings, only a greater soil moisture content was observed in the treated trees. The soil Zn and Mn content detected during the spring samplings correlated with the significant increases in the diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Similarly, the reduced rates of leaching and evaporation (at the soil surface) of oak mulch applied to Florida sandy soils likely played a large role in the significant increase in moisture and nutrient retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Santiago
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Lukas M. Hallman
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - John-Paul Fox
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Marco Pitino
- Plant Pathology Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Robert G. Shatters
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Liliana M. Cano
- Plant Pathology Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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Song Y, Cheng X, Song C, Li M, Gao S, Liu Z, Gao J, Wang X. Soil CO 2 and N 2O emissions and microbial abundances altered by temperature rise and nitrogen addition in active-layer soils of permafrost peatland. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1093487. [PMID: 36583043 PMCID: PMC9792967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1093487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions due to climate change and nitrogen input will result in increased levels of atmospheric CO2 and N2O, thereby feeding back into Earth's climate. Understanding the responses of soil carbon and nitrogen emissions mediated by microbe from permafrost peatland to temperature rising is important for modeling the regional carbon and nitrogen balance. This study conducted a laboratory incubation experiment at 15 and 20°C to observe the impact of increasing temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions and soil microbial abundances in permafrost peatland. An NH4NO3 solution was added to soil at a concentration of 50 mg N kg-1 to investigate the effect of nitrogen addition. The results indicated that elevated temperature, available nitrogen, and their combined effects significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions in permafrost peatland. However, the temperature sensitivities of soil CO2 and N2O emissions were not affected by nitrogen addition. Warming significantly increased the abundances of methanogens, methanotrophs, and nirK-type denitrifiers, and the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonia nitrogen, whereas nirS-type denitrifiers, β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and acid phosphatase (AP) activities significantly decreased. Nitrogen addition significantly increased soil nirS-type denitrifiers abundances, β-1,4-N- acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents, but significantly reduced bacterial, methanogen abundances, CBH, and AP activities. A rising temperature and nitrogen addition had synergistic effects on soil fungal and methanotroph abundances, NAG activities, and DOC and DON contents. Soil CO2 emissions showed a significantly positive correlation with soil fungal abundances, NAG activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents. Soil N2O emissions showed positive correlations with soil fungal, methanotroph, and nirK-type denitrifiers abundances, and DOC, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate contents. These results demonstrate the importance of soil microbes, labile carbon, and nitrogen for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen emissions. The results of this study can assist simulating the effects of global climate change on carbon and nitrogen cycling in permafrost peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Changchun Song,
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Ling X, Lu G, Xue C. Environmental and anthropogenic factors affect bacterial community and nitrogen removal in the Yarlung Zangbo River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84590-84599. [PMID: 35788475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a critical role in the process of nitrogen removal in aquatic environment, which is regulated by multiple environmental factors. As a high-altitude region, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has unique composition of bacterial communities due to its unique geographical conditions, which may affect the nitrogen conversion of Plateau rivers. However, the regulation of nitrogen removal by environmental factors and bacterial community in high-altitude rivers has been rarely reported. This study investigated denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rates as well as the community of bacteria and denitrifiers in the Yarlung Zangbo River. The results showed that denitrification was the dominant nitrate removal process. Redundancy analysis revealed that environmental factors including suspended particulate matter, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus content, electrical conductivity, and pH explained a large amount of the variance in bacterial community. Denitrifiers carrying nitrite reductase-related gene were an important driver of denitrification in the Yarlung Zangbo River. The low water temperature brought by high altitude significantly reduced the denitrification rate. The cascade dams on the river affected the particle size distribution of sediment, changed the community composition of bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and increased the denitrification rate in the downstream. Our findings highlight that nitrogen removal processes in high-altitude rivers are jointly regulated by environmental and anthropogenic factors through shaping denitrifier abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chenwang Xue
- College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, China
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