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Zafar S, Khan IM, Ashraf MA, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Rasheed R, Mehmood A, Ahmad KS. Insights into trehalose mediated physiological and biochemical mechanisms in Zea mays L. under chromium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:783. [PMID: 39152388 PMCID: PMC11330127 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) toxicity significantly threatens agricultural ecosystems worldwide, adversely affecting plant growth and development and reducing crop productivity. Trehalose, a non-reducing sugar has been identified as a mitigator of toxic effects induced by abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, and heavy metals. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of exogenously applied trehalose on maize plants exposed to Cr stress. RESULTS Two maize varieties, FH-1046 and FH-1453, were subjected to two different Cr concentrations (0.3 mM, and 0.5 mM). The results revealed significant variations in growth and biochemical parameters for both maize varieties under Cr-induced stress conditions as compared to the control group. Foliar application of trehalose at a concentration of 30 mM was administered to both maize varieties, leading to a noteworthy reduction in the detrimental effects of Cr stress. Notably, the Cr (0.5 mM) stress more adversely affected the shoot length more than 0.3mM of Cr stress. Cr stress (0.5 mM) significantly reduced the shoot length by 12.4% in FH-1046 and 24.5% in FH-1453 while Trehalose increased shoot length by 30.19% and 4.75% in FH-1046 and FH-1453 respectively. Cr stress significantly constrained growth and biochemical processes, whereas trehalose notably improved plant growth by reducing Cr uptake and minimizing oxidative stress caused by Cr. This reduction in oxidative stress was evidenced by decreased production of proline, SOD, POD, MDA, H2O2, catalase, and APX. Trehalose also enhanced photosynthetic activities under Cr stress, as indicated by increased values of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids. Furthermore, the ameliorative potential of trehalose was demonstrated by increased contents of proteins and carbohydrates and a decrease in Cr uptake. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that trehalose application substantially improved growth and enhanced photosynthetic activities in both maize varieties. Trehalose (30 mM) significantly increased the plant biomass, reduced ROS production and enhanced resilience to Cr stress even at 0.5 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Inam Mehdi Khan
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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Komatsu S, Diniyah A, Zhu W, Nakano M, Rehman SU, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K. Metabolomic and Proteomic Analyses to Reveal the Role of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8216. [PMID: 39125784 PMCID: PMC11311447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a serious problem, because it reduces the plant growth and seed yield of wheat. To investigate the salt-tolerant mechanism of wheat caused by plant-derived smoke (PDS) solution, metabolomic and proteomic techniques were used. PDS solution, which repairs the growth inhibition of wheat under salt stress, contains metabolites related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Wheat was treated with PDS solution under salt stress and proteins were analyzed using a gel-free/label-free proteomic technique. Oppositely changed proteins were associated with protein metabolism and signal transduction in biological processes, as well as mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi, and plasma membrane in cellular components with PDS solution under salt stress compared to control. Using immuno-blot analysis, proteomic results confirmed that ascorbate peroxidase increased with salt stress and decreased with additional PDS solution; however, H+-ATPase displayed opposite effects. Ubiquitin increased with salt stress and decreased with additional PDS solution; nevertheless, genomic DNA did not change. As part of mitochondrion-related events, the contents of ATP increased with salt stress and recovered with additional PDS solution. These results suggest that PDS solution enhances wheat growth suppressed by salt stress through the regulation of energy metabolism and the ubiquitin-proteasome system related to flavonoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Azzahrah Diniyah
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Wei Zhu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Guo Z, Yuan X, Li T, Wang S, Yu Y, Liu C, Duan C. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots under Lead Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6050. [PMID: 38892238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in the resistance of plants to abiotic stress. Despite the widely reported adverse effects of lead (Pb) contamination on maize, the effects of Pb on the biosynthetic processes of flavonoids in maize roots are still unknown. In the present work, we employed a combination of multi-omics and conventional assay methods to investigate the effects of two concentrations of Pb (40 and 250 mg/kg) on flavonoid biosynthesis in maize roots and the associated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Analysis using conventional assays revealed that 40 and 250 mg/kg Pb exposure increased the lead content of maize root to 0.67 ± 0.18 mg/kg and 3.09 ± 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, but they did not result in significant changes in maize root length. The multi-omics results suggested that exposure to 40 mg/kg of Pb caused differential expression of 33 genes and 34 metabolites related to flavonoids in the maize root system, while 250 mg/kg of Pb caused differential expression of 34 genes and 31 metabolites. Not only did these differentially expressed genes and metabolites participate in transferase activity, anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic processes, metal ion binding, hydroxyl group binding, cinnamoyl transferase activity, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase activity, and flavanone 4-reductase activity but they were also significantly enriched in the flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. These results show that Pb is involved in the regulation of maize root growth by interfering with the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the maize root system. The results of this study will enable the elucidation of the mechanisms of the effects of lead on maize root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ting Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yadong Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chang'e Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Alatawi A, Mfarrej MFB, Alshegaihi RM, Asghar MA, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Marc RA, Fahad S, Elsharkawy MM, Javed S, Ali S. Application of silicon and sodium hydrosulfide alleviates arsenic toxicity by regulating the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Zea mays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27739-y. [PMID: 37243763 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals (such as arsenic (As)) is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy, although the use of silicon (Si) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses including the As toxicity. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted using the different levels of As toxicity in the soil, i.e., (0 mM (no As), 50, and 100 µM) which were also supplied with the different exogenous levels of Si, i.e., (0 (no Si), 1.5, and 3 mM) and also with the NaHS, i.e., (0 (no NaHS), 1, and 2 mM) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), and their gene expression, ion uptake, organic acid exudation, and As uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in terms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of Z. mays, although the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the response of their gene expressions in the roots and shoots of the plants and non-enzymatic such as phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents were initially increased with the exposure of 50 µM As, but decreased by the increasing the As concentration 100 µM in the soil. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the application of Si and NaHS, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species and decreased oxidative stress in Z. mays by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the Si was more sever and showed better results when we compared with NaHS under the same treatment of As in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of Si and NaHS can ameliorate As toxicity in Z. mays, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Alatawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71421, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana M Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik U. 2, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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