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Liu X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yu Y, Sun J, Mao D, Zhang G. Intensified effect of nitrogen forms on dominant phytoplankton species succession by climate change. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122214. [PMID: 39116610 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient proportion, light intensity, and temperature affect the succession of dominant phytoplankton species. Despite these insights, this transformation mechanism in highly turbid lakes remains a research gap, especially in response to climate change. To fill this gap, we investigated the mechanism by which multi-environmental factors influence the succession of dominant phytoplankton species in Lake Chagan. This investigation deployed the structural equation model (SEM) and the hydrodynamic-water quality-water ecology mechanism model. Results demonstrated that the dominant phytoplankton species in Lake Chagan transformed from diatom to cyanobacteria during 2012 and 2022. Notably, Microcystis was detected in 2022. SEM revealed the primary environment variables for this succession, including water temperature (Tw), nutrients (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4N)), and total suspended solids (TSS). Moreover, this event was not the consequence of zooplankton grazing. An integrated hydrodynamic-water quality-bloom mechanism model was built to explore the mechanism driving phytoplankton succession and its response to climate change. Nutrients determined the phytoplankton biomass and dominant species succession based on various proportions. High NH4N:NO3N ratios favored cyanobacteria and inhibited diatom under high TSS. Additionally, the biomass proportions of diatom (30.77 % vs. 22.28 %) and green (30.56 % vs. 23.30 %) decreased dramatically. In contrast, cyanobacteria abundance remarkably increased (35.78 % to 51.71 %) with the increasing NH4-N:NO3-N ratios. In addition, the proportion of non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria was higher than that of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria counterparts when TN:TP≥20 and NH4N:NO3N ≥ 10. Light-limitation phenotypes also experienced an increase with the rising NH4N:NO3N ratios. Notably, the cyanobacterial biomass reached 3-6 times that in the baseline scenario when the air temperature escalated by 3.0 °C until 2061 under the SSP585 scenario. We highlighted the effect of nitrogen forms on the succession of dominant phytoplankton species. Climate warming will increase nitrogen proportion, providing an insightful reference for controlling cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dehua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Yang X, Wang S, Pi K, Ge H, Zhang S, Gerson AR. Coagulation as an effective method for cyanobacterial bloom control: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11002. [PMID: 38403998 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication, the over-enrichment with nutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, of ponds, reservoirs and lakes, is an urgent water quality issue. The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria, which cause aquatic organism death, impair ecosystem and harm human health. The method considered to be most effective to counteract eutrophication is to reduce external nutrient inputs. However, merely controlling external nutrient load is insufficient to mitigate eutrophication. Consequently, a rapid diminishing of cyanobacterial blooms is relied on in-lake intervention, which may encompass a great variety of different approaches. Coagulation/flocculation is the most used and important water purification unit. Since cyanobacterial cells generally carry negative charges, coagulants are added to water to neutralize the negative charges on the surface of cyanobacteria, causing them to destabilize and precipitate. Most of cyanobacteria and their metabolites can be removed simultaneously. However, when cyanobacterial density is high, sticky secretions distribute outside cells because of the small size of cyanobacteria. The sticky secretions are easily to form complex colloids with coagulants, making it difficult for cyanobacteria to destabilize and resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects of coagulation on cyanobacteria. Therefore, various coagulants and coagulation methods were developed. In this paper, the focus is on the coagulation of cyanobacteria as a promising tool to manage eutrophication. Basic principles, applications, pros and cons of chemical, physical and biological coagulation are reviewed. In addition, the application of coagulation in water treatment is discussed. It is the aim of this review article to provide a significant reference for large-scale governance of cyanobacterial blooms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Flocculation was a promising tool for controlling cyanobacteria blooms. Basic principles of four kinds of flocculation methods were elucidated. Flocculant was important in the flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kewu Pi
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Ge
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrea R Gerson
- Blue Minerals Consultancy, Wattle Grove, Tasmania, Australia
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Thawabteh AM, Naseef HA, Karaman D, Bufo SA, Scrano L, Karaman R. Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:582. [PMID: 37756009 PMCID: PMC10535532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol. Micro-, nano- and ultrafiltration techniques could be used for the removal of internal and extracellular cyanotoxins, in addition to powdered or granular activated carbon, ozonation, sedimentation, ultraviolet radiation, potassium permanganate, free chlorine, and pre-treatment oxidation techniques. The efficiency of treatment techniques for removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins is also demonstrated. These approaches aim to lessen the risks of cyanobacterial blooms and associated toxins. Effective management of cyanobacteria in water systems depends on early detection and quick action. Cyanobacteria cells and their toxins can be detected using microscopy, molecular methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Understanding the causes of blooms and the many ways for their detection and elimination will help the management of this crucial environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmood Thawabteh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
- General Safety Section, General Services Department, Birzeit University, Bir Zeit 71939, Palestine
| | - Hani A Naseef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Donia Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
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El Bouaidi W, Libralato G, Tazart Z, Enaime G, Douma M, Ounas A, Yaacoubi A, Lofrano G, Carotenuto M, Saviano L, Siciliano A, Romano Spica V, Guida M, Loudiki M. Nature-based coagulants for drinking water treatment: An ecotoxicological overview. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10782. [PMID: 36029154 PMCID: PMC9545364 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intensive human activities extensively contaminated water sources making its treatment a problem of paramount importance, especially with the increasing of global population and water scarcity. The application of natural coagulants has become a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional ones. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency of four plant extracts namely Agave americana, Carpobrotus acinaciformis, Austrocylindropuntia subulate, and Senicio anteuphorbium as natural coagulants to remove Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacterium from water. The effects of pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9, and 10) and coagulant dose (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg/L) on the coagulation efficiency were investigated. Results showed that plant-based extracts exhibited high coagulant abilities significantly contributing to the removal of M. aeruginosa cells up to 80% on a case-by-case basis. The ecotoxicity (Daphnia magna, Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Sorghum saccharatum) was absent or presented very slight acute toxicity up to 12.5 mg/L being S. anteuphorbium the least toxic. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Nature-based plant extracts showed removal rates up to 80%. Lower pH and A. subulate and S. anteuphorbium were the most efficient coagulants Toxicity effects were plant extracts-based and dose function. A. subulate and S. anteuphorbium were the least toxic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad El Bouaidi
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change; Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Department of BiologyCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakeshMorocco
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change; Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Department of BiologyCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakeshMorocco
| | - Ghizlane Enaime
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental EngineeringRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | - Mountasser Douma
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK)Sultan Moulay Slimane UniversityKhouribgaMorocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ounas
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Department of ChemistryCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakeshMorocco
| | - Abdelrani Yaacoubi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Department of ChemistryCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakeshMorocco
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome Foro ItalicoRomeItaly
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”University of SalernoFisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Lorenzo Saviano
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome Foro ItalicoRomeItaly
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Mohammed Loudiki
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change; Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Department of BiologyCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakeshMorocco
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Adsorbents Used for Microcystin Removal from Water Sources: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in water sources, driven by climate change and eutrophication, is of great concern worldwide today. Cyanobacterial blooms can negatively affect water bodies and generate harmful secondary metabolites, namely microcystins (MCs), which significantly impair water quality. Various adsorbents used for MC removal from water sources were assessed in this investigation. Activated carbon constitutes the most widely used adsorbent for treating contaminated waters due to its high affinity for adsorbing MCs. Alternative adsorbents have also been proposed and reported to provide higher efficiency, but the studies carried out so far in this regard are still insufficient. The mechanisms implicated in MC adsorption upon different adsorbents should be further detailed for a better optimization of the adsorption process. Certainly, adsorbent characteristics, water pH and temperature are the main factors influencing the adsorption of MCs. In this context, optimization studies must be performed considering the effectiveness, economic aspects associated with each adsorbent. This review provides guidelines for more practical field applications of the adsorption in the treatment of waters actually contaminated with MCs.
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