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Khute M, Sharma S, Patel KS, Pandey PK, Allen J, Corns W, Georgieva N, Bozhanina E, Blazhev B, Huber M, Varol S, Martín-Ramos P, Zhu Y. Contamination, speciation, and health risk assessment of arsenic in leafy vegetables in Ambagarh Chowki (India). ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1553-1560. [PMID: 38847963 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables are essential for a balanced diet, providing vital nutrients for overall well-being. However, concerns arise due to contamination with toxic substances, such as arsenic, posing risks to food safety and human health. This study analyzes inorganic (iAs), monomethyl (MMA), and dimethyl arsenic (DMA) in specific leafy vegetables (Amaranthus tricolor L., Corchorus olitorius L., Cordia myxa L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Moringa oleifera Lam., and Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in the heavily polluted Ambagarh Chouki region, Chhattisgarh, India. Concentrations of DMA, MMA, and iAs ranged from 0 to 155, 0 to 7, and 131 to 3579 mg·kg-1, respectively. The health quotient (HQ) for iAs ranged between 0.37 and 3.78, with an average value of 2.58 ± 1.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Khute
- Department of Chemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, G. E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Saroj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, G. E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Khageshwar Singh Patel
- Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Baloda-Bazar Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493225, India.
| | - Piyush Kant Pandey
- Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Baloda-Bazar Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493225, India
| | - Jasmina Allen
- Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Baloda-Bazar Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493225, India
| | - Warren Corns
- PS Analytical Ltd, Arthur House, Main Road, Orpington, Kent, BR5 3HP, UK
| | - Nelina Georgieva
- PS Analytical Ltd, Arthur House, Main Road, Orpington, Kent, BR5 3HP, UK
| | - Elena Bozhanina
- Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control /CLCTC/, Bulgarian Food Safety Agency /BFSA/Nikola Mushanov, Blvd. 120, 1330, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Blazhev
- Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control /CLCTC/, Bulgarian Food Safety Agency /BFSA/Nikola Mushanov, Blvd. 120, 1330, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milosz Huber
- Katedra Geologii, Gleboznawstwa I Geoinformacji, Maria Curie -Skłodowska University (UMSC), al. Krasnickie 2d/107, 108, 20-718, Lublin, Poland
| | - Simge Varol
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004, Palencia, Spain
| | - Yanbei Zhu
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan.
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Khan MH, Xiao Y, Yang H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Hu W, Wang J, Liu G, Liu W. Identification of hydrochemical fingerprints, quality and formation dynamics of groundwater in western high Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:305. [PMID: 38407661 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Identifying hydrochemical fingerprints of groundwater is a challenge in areas with complex geological settings. This study takes the Gilgit-Baltistan, a complex geological area in west high Himalayas, Pakistan, as the study area to get insights into the hydrochemcial genesis and quality of groundwater in complex geological mountainous regions. A total of 53 samples were collected across the area to determine the hydrochemical characteristics and formation of groundwater. Results revealed groundwater there is characterized by slightly alkaline and soft fresh feature. Groundwater is dominated by the hydrochemical facies of HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg type. The factor method yields three components (PCs) of principal component analysis, which together explain 75.71% of the total variances. The positive correlation of EC, TDS, Ca2+, SO42-, K+ in PC1, and NO3-, Cl- in PC2 indicate that a combination of natural and anthropogenic activities influences groundwater hydrochemistry. Water-rock interaction is the main mechanism governing the natural hydrochemistry of groundwater. The negative correlation of Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, and Na+ with NDVI attributes to inorganic salt uptake by plant roots. Groundwater chemical composition is also affected by the type of land use. Groundwater is characterized as excellent and good water quality based on the entropy-weighted water quality index assessment, and is suitable for drinking purposes except for very few samples, while aqueous fluoride would pose potential health threats to water consumers in western high Himalayas, and infants are most at risk compared to other populations. This study will help to deepen the hydrochemial formation mechanism and exploitation suitability of groundwater resources in the mountainous areas that undergone the combined actions of nature and human activities, and provide insights into the characteristics of water environmental quality in western Himalayas area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haziq Khan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Wenxu Hu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Gongxi Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Weiting Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Jian Z, Gong Y, Meng X. Effect of landfill leachate on arsenic migration and transformation in shallow groundwater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5032-5042. [PMID: 38148459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater has affected human health and environmental safety worldwide. Hundreds of millions of people in more than 100 countries around the world are directly or indirectly troubled by arsenic-contaminated groundwater. In addition, arsenic contamination of groundwater caused by leakage of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills has occurred in some countries and regions, which has attracted widespread attention. Understanding how domestic waste landfill leachate affects the arsenic's migration and transformation in shallow groundwater is crucial for accurate assessment of the distribution and ecological hazards of arsenic in groundwater. Based on literature review, this study systematically summarized and discussed the basic characteristics of landfill leachate, the mechanism of arsenic pollution in groundwater, and the effect of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater. Combined with relevant research findings and practical experience, countermeasures and suggestions to limit the impact of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yaping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Department of Civil, Environmental & Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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Goswami R, Bhagat C, Lollen I, Neog N, Barache UB, Thakur R, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Potential arsenic-chromium-lead Co-contamination in the hilly terrain of Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern India: Genesis and health perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138067. [PMID: 36812990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the recent times, multi-metal co-contamination in the groundwater of various parts of the globe has emerged as a challenging environmental health problems. While arsenic (As) has been reported with high fluoride and at times with uranium; and Cr & Pb are also found in aquifers under high anthropogenic impacts. The present work probably for the first time traces the As-Cr-Pb co-contamination in the pristine aquifers of a hilly terrain that are under relatively less stress from the anthropogenic activities. Based on the analyses of twenty-two (n = 22) groundwater (GW) samples and six (n = 6) sediment samples, it was found that Cr being leached from the natural sources as evident from 100% of samples with dissolve Cr exceeding the prescribed drinking water limit. Generic plots suggests rock-water interaction as the major hydrogeological processes with mixed Ca2+-Na+-HCO3- type water. Wide range of pH suggests localized human interferences, as well as indicative of both calcite and silicate weathering processes. In general water samples were found high only with Cr and Fe, however all sediment samples were found to contain As-Cr-Pb. This implies that the groundwater is under-risk of co-contamination of highly toxic trio of As-Cr-Pb. Multivariate analyses indicate that the changing pH as the causative factor for Cr leaching into the groundwater. This is a new finding for a pristine hilly aquifers, and we suspect such condition may also be present in other parts of globe, and thus precautionary investigations are needed to prevent this catastrophic situation to arise, and to alert the community in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritusmita Goswami
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati- 781013, Assam, India.
| | - Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Civil Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Igo Lollen
- Dept of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Nikita Neog
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati- 781013, Assam, India
| | - Umesh B Barache
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ritu Thakur
- North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management, Tezpur-784027, Assam, India
| | - Jurgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Awasthi A, Rishi MS, Khosla A, Panjgotra S. Geographic information system-based groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in transboundary aquifers of River Ravi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34536-34552. [PMID: 36515870 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Access to safe and clean drinking water is a basic human right, and assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking purpose imparts significant role in providing clean and suitable water for human consumption. The main objective of this study was to assess the groundwater quality status of Gurdaspur district falling along international boundary of Indo-Pak, thus serving as transboundary aquifers, for drinking and irrigation purpose based on physicochemical analysis of 111 samples using standard numerical indices and GIS techniques. Shannon's entropy theory was employed to assess the groundwater quality for human consumption as it removes the subjectivity problem and integral ambiguities of groundwater systems. The results of entropy water quality index revealed that the drinking groundwater quality was found to be in excellent, good and medium water class except 5 samples which were in poor to extremely poor water class. Piper trilinear plot revealed that the main water types were Ca2+ and Mg2+-HCO3-. Mineral saturation index indicated that carbonate minerals were oversaturated and the evaporative minerals were undersaturated. The outcomes of principal component analysis indicated that the ion exchange, weathering and agricultural practices were the dominant controlling factors in the study area. Furthermore, the results of the irrigation water quality index illustrated that 3 and 65 samples were placed in 'severe restriction' and 'high restriction' class respectively indicating irrigation water as an issue for sustainable agricultural production in agrarian dominant district. The study recommends the adaptation of remedial actions particularly in the regions where drinking and irrigational groundwater quality issues are reported to ensure clean and suitable drinking water for the inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Awasthi
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Madhuri S Rishi
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ashu Khosla
- Department of Geology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shivali Panjgotra
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Dhaoui O, Agoubi B, Antunes IM, Tlig L, Kharroubi A. Groundwater quality for irrigation in an arid region-application of fuzzy logic techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29773-29789. [PMID: 36422785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source to answer the irrigation supply in several arid and semi-arid areas. In the present work, groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in the arid region of Menzel Habib (Tunisia) for thirty-six groundwater samples is assessed considering the application of different conventional water quality indicators, particularly, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), Kelly ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI). The results obtained indicate a variability for EC: 3.06 to 14.98 mS.cm-1; SAR: 4.08 to 19.30; SSP: 35.78 to 71.53%; MAR: 34.19 to 56.01; PI: 38.47 to 72.74; and KR: 0.56 to 2.47. These results suggest that groundwater from Menzel Habib aquifer system is classified between excellent to unsuitable according to the applied water quality indices. Furthermore, the groundwater samples are also plotted in the Richards diagram classification system, based on the relation between SAR and EC, suggesting that almost groundwater samples present a harmful quality. Moreover, fuzzy logic model has been proposed and created to assess groundwater quality for irrigation. The membership functions are constructed for six significant parameters such as EC, SAR, SSP, MAR, KR, and PI and the rules are, then, fired to get a simple Fuzzy Irrigation Water Quality Index (FIWQI). The obtained groundwater quality results suggest that 3% of the samples from Menzel Habib region are considered as "good" for irrigation, 3% are classified as "good to permissible", 33% with a "permissible" quality, 36% "permissible to unsuitable", while 25% of groundwater present an "unsuitable" quality. Thus, the use of fuzzy logic techniques has more reliable and robust results by overcoming the uncertainties in the decision-making attributed to the conventional methods by the creation of new classes (excellent to good, good to permissible, and permissible to unsuitable) in addition to the classes proposed by Richards diagram classification (excellent, good, permissible, and unsuitable) to assess the groundwater quality suitability for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Dhaoui
- Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques, Applied-Hydrosciences Laboratory, University of Gabes, University Campus, 6033 Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Belgacem Agoubi
- Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques, Applied-Hydrosciences Laboratory, University of Gabes, University Campus, 6033 Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Margarida Antunes
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lotfi Tlig
- Higher Institute of Informatics and Multimedia of Gabes, University Campus, 6033 City El Amel 4, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Adel Kharroubi
- Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques, Applied-Hydrosciences Laboratory, University of Gabes, University Campus, 6033 Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
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Goswami R, Neog N, Bhagat C, Hdeib R, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Arsenic in the groundwater of the Upper Brahmaputra floodplain: Variability, health risks and potential impacts. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135621. [PMID: 35810873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The upper Brahmaputra floodplain (UBF) is highly enriched with geogenic contaminants, mostly the Arsenic (As), owing to its sensitive geomorphology, aquifer groundwater (GW) dynamics, huge sediment deposition along with natural and anthropogenic disturbance significantly accelerate the As leaching rate into the groundwater, leading to an increase the health risk. Concerning the above active processes in the Lakhimpur district of UBF, current work aims to investigate seasonal dynamics of As contamination and associated health hazard for local community. To carry out this study, 51 GW samples analyzed which reveal the seasonal variation in As concentrations with the minimum average concentration in the monsoon season (4.7 μg.L-1) and the maximum in the post-monsoon season (18.5 μg.L-1) with 50% of the samples exceeding permissible limits. The differences in the local geological conditions and the GW flow may contribute to the spatial variations in mean As concentration in the study area. Also, the active GW recharge process identified in post-monsoon season accelerates the As leaching in the area's aquifers. Further, results indicate higher As levels associated with a pH range of 6-7 favours As desorption from minerals under reducing conditions. The hazard index indicates that the children population has high carcinogenic risk compared to adult populations. Furthermore, the study highlights the social risk potential arising from public health crises due to As exposure. Overall, results indicate high As concentrations in region with moderate seasonal variability and demand a dire attention for long-term monitoring to provide sustainable water resources to safeguard the people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritusmita Goswami
- Centre for Ecology Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India
| | - Nikita Neog
- Centre for Ecology Environment and Sustainable Development, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Civil Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rouya Hdeib
- College of Engineering, Applied Science University (ASU), Bahrain
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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