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Foglia A, Pittura L, Vivani V, Sgroi M, De Simoni L, Eusebi AL, Gorbi S, Regoli F, Fatone F. Microplastics in urban water cycles: Looking for a more scientific approach for sampling and characterization in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175919. [PMID: 39226968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Specific campaigns to detect microplastics (MPs) in the urban water cycle were carried out in three drinking water plants and two wastewater treatment plants. A self-designed sampler for MPs detection in water matrices was in this study preliminary validated and then tested in long term campaigns sampling up to 1000 L. Raw drinking water and wastewater show microplastics (MPs) concentrations of 2-11 and of 480-801 MPs/m3, respectively, and MPs removals of 47-78 % and of 84-98 %, correspondingly. Specific roles of chemical and physical conventional processes in microplastics removals were investigated. Solid-liquid separation, flotation and filtration are the main processes for achieving high microplastics removal. Regarding concentrated matrices, MPs concentrations in sludge samples varied in the range of 5000-500,000 MPs/m3. Finally, shapes, size classes and polymers' typologies were investigated in the extracted MPs. The detected sizes are mainly 0.5-0.1 mm in drinking waters while 5-1 mm in wastewaters. Wastewaters were predominated by synthetic fibers (polyester type), while drinking waters were mainly characterized by fragments and the fibers were mostly of natural origin. Finally, the results of this study supported best practices and guidelines for a representative assessment of MPs in water (sampling methods, extraction procedures, characterization and quantification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Foglia
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Veronica Vivani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia De Simoni
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Peter S, Lyczko N, Thomas S, Leruth D, Germeau A, Fati D, Nzihou A. Fabrication of eco-friendly nanocellulose-chitosan-calcium phosphate ternary nanocomposite for wastewater remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142779. [PMID: 38972455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for pollutant removal due to their unique properties. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve toxic solvents or expensive materials. In this study, we present a novel ternary nanocomposite synthesized via a simple, cost-effective vacuum filtration method. The composite consists of calcium phosphate (CaP), biowaste-derived nanocellulose (diameter <50 nm) (NC), and chitosan (CH). The nanocomposite exhibited exceptional pollutant removal capabilities due to the hybrid approach of combining adsorption and size exclusion that widens and accelerates pollutant removal. When tested with synthetic wastewater containing 10 ppm of Ni ions and 10 ppm of Congo red (CR) dye, it achieved impressive removal rates of 98.7% for Ni ions and 100% for CR dye. Moreover, the nanocomposite effectively removed heavy metals such as Cd, Ag, Al, Fe, Hg, Mo, Li, and Se at 100%, and Ba, Be, P, and Zn at 80%, 92%, 87%, and 97%, respectively, from real-world municipal wastewater. Importantly, this green nanocomposite membrane was synthesized without the use of harmful chemicals or complex modifications and operated at a high flux rate of 146 L/m2.h.MPa. Its outstanding performance highlights its potential for sustainable pollutant removal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Peter
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR-5302, Campus Jarlard, Albi cedex 09, F-81013, France.
| | - Nathalie Lyczko
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR-5302, Campus Jarlard, Albi cedex 09, F-81013, France.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and School of Energy Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560, India.
| | - Denis Leruth
- PRAYON S.A., Rue J. Wauters, 144, B-4480, Engis, Belgium.
| | - Alain Germeau
- PRAYON S.A., Rue J. Wauters, 144, B-4480, Engis, Belgium.
| | - Dorina Fati
- PRAYON S.A., Rue J. Wauters, 144, B-4480, Engis, Belgium.
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR-5302, Campus Jarlard, Albi cedex 09, F-81013, France.
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3
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Carnevale Miino M, Galafassi S, Zullo R, Torretta V, Rada EC. Microplastics removal in wastewater treatment plants: A review of the different approaches to limit their release in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172675. [PMID: 38670366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In last 10 years, the interest about the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment has strongly grown. Wastewaters function as a carrier for MPs contamination from source to the aquatic environment, so the knowledge of the fate of this emerging contaminant in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a priority. This work aims to review the presence of MPs in the influent wastewater (WW) and the effectiveness of the treatments of conventional WWTPs. Moreover, the negative impacts of MPs on the management of the processes have been also discussed. The work also focuses on the possible approaches to tackle MPs contamination enhancing the effectiveness of the WWTPs. Based on literature results, despite WWTPs are not designed for MPs removal from WW, they can effectively remove the MPs (up to 99 % in some references). Nevertheless, they normally act as "hotspots" of MPs contamination considering the remaining concentration of MPs in WWTPs' effluents can be several orders of magnitude higher than receiving waters. Moreover, MPs removed from WW are concentrated in sewage sludge (potentially >65 % of MPs entering the WWTP) posing a concern in case of the potential reuse as a soil improver. This work aims to present a paradigm shift intending WWTPs as key barriers for environmental protection. Approaches for increasing effectiveness against MPs have been discussed in order to define the optimal point(s) of the WWTP in which these technologies should be located. The need of a future legislation about MPs in water and sludge is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carnevale Miino
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28920 Verbania, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Rosa Zullo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28920 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Mohtaram MS, Sabbaghi S, Rasouli J, Rasouli K. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using a novel WO3-ZnO/AC under visible light irradiation: Optimization of effective factors by RSM-CCD. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123746. [PMID: 38460585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating pharmaceutical pollution in the global environment is imperative, and tetracycline (TC) is a commonly utilized antibiotic in human and veterinary medicine. The persistent existence of TC highlights the necessity of establishing efficient measures to protect water systems and the environment from detrimental contaminants. Herein, a novel rhubarb seed waste-derived activated carbon-supported photocatalyst (WO3-ZnO/RUAC) was synthesized by combining wet impregnation and ultrasonic methods. The activated carbon (AC) was obtained from rhubarb seed waste for the first time via chemical activation. The function of AC as an electron acceptor and in separating electron-hole pairs was illuminated by characterization analyses that included XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, PL, EIS, TPC, and UV-DRS. Using the response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) technique, the synthesis parameters of the composite were systematically optimized. Under ideal conditions, with a TC concentration of 33 mg. L-1, pH of 4.57, irradiation time of 108 min, and catalyst dose of 0.85 g. L-1, the highest degradation efficiency of TC by this composite, achieved 96.5%, and it was reusable for five cycles. Subsequently, trapping tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis were conducted, elucidating that •OH and •O2- radicals played pivotal roles in the photocatalytic degradation of TC. This research offers valuable insights into utilizing the AC-based photocatalyst to degrade pharmaceutical micropollutants effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sina Mohtaram
- Department of Nano-Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samad Sabbaghi
- Department of Nano-Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Drilling Nanofluid Lab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamal Rasouli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamal Rasouli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang Y, Ju J, Long X, Zhu M, Jiang Y, Yang H. Length-dependent toxic effects of microplastic fibers on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123037. [PMID: 38030106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), a pervasive pollutant in aquatic environments, are increasingly recognized for their detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. However, the present understanding of their impact on phytoplankton, particularly freshwater microalgae, remains limited. Furthermore, previous studies have predominantly focused on MP particles, largely overlooking the most prevalent form of MPs in aquatic settings-fibers. In this study, we scrutinized the toxicological implications of microplastic fibers (MFs) spanning four distinct lengths (50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, and 200 μm) on the protein-nucleated algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa over a six-day period. The study unequivocally demonstrated that MFs markedly impeded C. pyrenoidosa growth, diminished photosynthetic pigment content, and induced oxidative stress, with all observed effects exhibiting a length-dependent correlation. Electron microscopy further revealed notable damage to algal cell membranes. Cell membrane shrinkage, cytoplasm outflow, and abnormalities in cell division were observed in the 150 μm and 200 μm groups. Furthermore, C. pyrenoidosa clustered around the 200 μm MF were notably denser compared to other groups. The present study demonstrated that MFs had length-dependent toxic effects on C. pyrenoidosa. These findings offer novel insights into the deleterious impact of MFs on aquatic organisms, underscoring the pivotal role of length in influencing their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodong Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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6
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Mondal MIH, Takebira UM. Disperse dyes, temperature and yarn parametre's effect on microfibre shedding of polyester spun yarn. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166854. [PMID: 37689202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The yarn dyeing factories discharge liquid waste laden with a variety of hazardous substances, including microplastic fibre (MPFs), which are found in aquatic ecosystems. During dyeing, MPF shedding factors were determined in this study. Shedding factors were determined at six polyester yarn dyeing factories to assess MPF release for (1) dark and (2) light shading. Three dyeing processes were considered including normal, carrier and high temperature. Sawdust-based activated carbon was utilized to decolourize dye wastewater. Flocculation and clarification were done without a flotation process to obtain low-density MPF. A hot needle test was applied to visual identification under an optical microscope and quantification was done by filtering, weighting and count of the yarn. A maximum of 0.00399 % weight loss (wt.) was found for dark shade in the high-temperature dyeing process and 0.00392 % (light) was found in carrier dyeing to dye a coarser yarn. In contrast, 0.4562 mg L-1 fibre particles (≤ 0.225 mm) shedding in normal dyeing, for a light shade, was observed to a fine yarn where a minimum of 0.00138 % wt. was found. Shorter fibre length, higher denier, and courser yarn were associated with the greatest MPF discharge at high-temperature dyeing for a dark shade. The usual effluent treatment plant (ETP) of the textile industry can remove only 75.52 % MPFs of wastewater. Shedding of MPF during dyeing is remarkably higher than the domestic wash cycle of garments. Wastewater of textiles containing MPFs would appear as a regular and extensive initial source of MP emissions, which can damage the ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim H Mondal
- Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Umme Magreba Takebira
- Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Xu X, Yang H. Polyacrylonitrile microfibers pose a significant threat to the early-stage survival of zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106755. [PMID: 37944326 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution, especially microfibers (MFs), presents a critical global environmental challenge in natural water bodies. Yet, research on the toxic effects of MFs, particularly during early fish development, is limited. This study aimed to investigate MFs' toxic effects and mechanisms on early-stage zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of polyacrylonitrile microfibers (PanMfs) for 7 days. Results revealed PanMfs adhering to the embryos' surface, with higher concentrations accelerating heart rate and causing pericardial edema in post-hatching larvae. Larvae ingested PanMfs, leading to their accumulation in the intestines and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial quantity. Notably, lipid metabolism and calcium ion related signaling pathways underwent significant changes. Low concentration MFs affected glycometabolism pathways, with potential roles for aldob and cacng1a, exhibiting pronounced increases in ROS levels. High concentration of MFs had the most profound impact on signal transduction-related pathways, and possibly triggering micromitophagy and apoptosis in zebrafish intestinal epithelial cells through the Kras/MAPK signaling pathway, with potential roles for kras and mapk9. Although ROS increase was somewhat alleviated, it resulted in decreased survival rates and restricted growth in high concentration of MFs group. These findings highlight the significant threat of MFs to the early survival of fish. MFs pollution prevention and control hold great significance in the conservation of fishery resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Kaur Brar P, Dhir A, Örmeci B. Impact of treatment chemicals on the morphology and molecular structure of microfibers and microplastic films in wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2201-2214. [PMID: 37966177 PMCID: wst_2023_311 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of commonly used treatment chemicals on the morphology and molecular structure of microfibers (MFs) and microplastic films (MPFs) to determine whether significant changes could occur during wastewater treatment. MFs and MPFs were exposed to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2, pH 11), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pH11), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH 3) at typical doses and exposure times used at wastewater treatment plants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) were used to examine any morphological or chemical changes after the treatment. Morphological changes were observed in the form of cracks, and increased roughness was revealed in the SEM and 3-D surface images. The results showed that MFs were more resistant to surface degradation than MPFs. Moreover, intensity peaks of ATR-FTIR revealed some partial dislodgement of the bonds in both MFs and MPFs after chemical treatment, but the overall polymer structure remained intact. The changes that occur on the surface of MFs and MPFs during chemical treatment can impact their fate, removal, and transportation behavior both at the treatment plant and after discharge to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhdeep Kaur Brar
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Pattiala, 147004, India; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada E-mail:
| | - Amit Dhir
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Pattiala, 147004, India
| | - Banu Örmeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Zhu J, Dong G, Feng F, Ye J, Liao CH, Wu CH, Chen SC. Microplastics in the soil environment: Focusing on the sources, its transformation and change in morphology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165291. [PMID: 37406689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic pieces less than 5 mm in size. Previous studies have focused on the sources, transports, and fates of MPs in marine or sediment environments. However, limited attention has been given to the role of land as the primary source of MPs, and how plastic polymers are transformed into MPs through biological or abiotic effects during the transport process remains unclear. Here, we focus on the exploration of the main sources of MPs in the soil, highlighting that MP generation is not solely a byproduct of plastic production but can also result from the impact of biological and abiotic factors during the process of MPs transport. This review presents a new perspective on understanding the degradation of MPs in soil, considering soil as a distinct fluid and suggesting that the main transformation and change mediated by abiotic factors occur on the soil surface, while the main biodegradation occurs in the soil interior. This viewpoint is suggested because the role of some abiotic factors becomes less obvious in the soil interior, and MPs, whose surface is expected to colonize microorganisms, are gradually considered a carbon source independent of photosynthesis and net primary production. This review emphasizes the need to understand basic MPs information in soil for a rational evaluation of its environmental toxicity. Such understanding enables better control of MPs pollution in affected areas and prevents contamination in unaffected regions. Finally, knowledge gaps and future research directions necessary for advancements in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Environment and chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hua Liao
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hung Wu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chung Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Ariza-Tarazona MC, Siligardi C, Carreón-López HA, Valdéz-Cerda JE, Pozzi P, Kaushik G, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Low environmental impact remediation of microplastics: Visible-light photocatalytic degradation of PET microplastics using bio-inspired C,N-TiO 2/SiO 2 photocatalysts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115206. [PMID: 37392590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles with sizes between 1 μm and 5 mm with a ubiquitous presence in aquatic ecosystems. MPs harm marine life and can cause severe health problems for humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that involve the in-situ generation of highly oxidant hydroxyl radicals can be an alternative to fight MPs pollution. Of all the AOPs, photocatalysis has been proven a clean technology to overcome microplastic pollution. This work proposes novel C,N-TiO2/SiO2 photocatalysts with proper visible-active properties to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs. Photocatalysis was performed in an aqueous medium and at room temperature, evaluating the influence of two pH values (pH 6 and 8). The results demonstrated that the degradation of the PET MPs by C,N-TiO2/SiO2 semiconductors is possible, achieving mass losses between 9.35 and 16.22 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Hugo Alejandro Carreón-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Enrique Valdéz-Cerda
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Garima Kaushik
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
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Asadi A, Khodadost F, Pirsaheb M, Davoodi R. Abundance, characteristics, fate, and removal of microplastics during municipal wastewater treatment plant in the west of Iran: the case of Kermanshah city. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:857. [PMID: 37330424 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The threat of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic systems is almost a new challenge in environmental management. The municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) act both as collectors of MPs from anthropic use and as a source to natural environments. This study is aimed to determine the abundance, characteristics, and removal of MPs in a municipal WWTP with conventional activated sludge process. Particle size/type, influent loads, and removal rate of MPs in bar screen, grit chamber, primary sedimentation, returned activated sludge, and secondary clarification units of this WWTP were studied by collecting composite samples from wastewater and sludge over a 3-month sampling campaign. Suspected MP particles were counted by light microscopy and characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and TGA-DSC techniques. The mean total MPs, fibers, and fragment concentration after the grit chamber were 6608, 3594, and 3014 which were reduced to 1855, 802, and 1053 particles/L in the effluent, respectively. The sludge retention of total MPs, fibers, and fragments were 8001, 3277, and 4719 particles/L, respectively. The overall efficiency of WWTP with an activated sludge process to remove MPs was 64% and it removed 66.6% and 60% of fibers and fragments, respectively. Fibers were the dominant shape for the collected samples after the grit chamber and fragments were prevalent in the effluent. Polyethylene polymer was detected in most wastewater samples. Existing treatment processes are effective in the removal of MP particles but still act as a potential source to the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Asadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Faranak Khodadost
- Students Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Davoodi
- Kermanshah, Water & Waste Water Co, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rahman MN, Shozib SH, Akter MY, Islam ARMT, Islam MS, Sohel MS, Kamaraj C, Rakib MRJ, Idris AM, Sarker A, Malafaia G. Microplastic as an invisible threat to the coral reefs: Sources, toxicity mechanisms, policy intervention, and the way forward. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131522. [PMID: 37146332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution waste is a global macro problem, and research on MP contamination has been done in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Preventing MP pollution from hurting them is essential to maintaining coral reefs' ecological and economic benefits. However, the public and scientific communities must pay more attention to MP research on the coral reef regions' distribution, effects, mechanisms, and policy evaluations. Therefore, this review summarizes the global MP distribution and source within the coral reefs. Current knowledge extends the impacts of MP on coral reefs, existing policy, and further recommendations to mitigate MPs contamination on corals are critically analyzed. Furthermore, mechanisms of MP on coral and human health are also highlighted to pinpoint research gaps and potential future studies. Given the escalating plastic usage and the prevalence of coral bleaching globally, there is a pressing need to prioritize research efforts on marine MPs that concentrate on critical coral reef areas. Such investigations should encompass an extensive and crucial understanding of the distribution, destiny, and effects of the MPs on human and coral health and the potential hazards of those MPs from an ecological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Naimur Rahman
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mst Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Sohel
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Ramasamy R, Subramanian RB. Microfiber mitigation from synthetic textiles - impact of combined surface modification and finishing process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49136-49149. [PMID: 36773261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of proper mitigation strategies to control the impact of microfiber pollution is need of the hour requirement. Though several laundry aids were developed to reduce the environmental impact caused by synthetic microfiber, due to the lack of awareness among the public, their effectiveness was limited. Hence, the mitigation measures at the production stage of textile materials can be a proactive solution with greater effectiveness in mitigating the issue at different stages rather than focussing only on domestic laundering. In this aspect, few recent attempts have been made to control the microfiber release from textiles by the surface finishing process. Thus, the current research focused on utilizing the surface modification process and surface finishing process to reduce the microfiber release behavior of knitted polyester fabrics. In this study, polyester knitted fabric (PES) was surface finished with chitosan (PES-Ch), sericin (PES-Se), and polyvinyl alcohol (PES-PVA), and their effectiveness in reducing microfiber shedding during laundry was analyzed. These finishes are applied directly on the polyester fabric and also after surface modification by alkali (Al) and enzyme (En) pre-treatments. The results reported that at the first wash, directly finished samples showed a reduction of 30-40% in microfiber shedding, and the samples finished after alkali pre-treatment showed a significant reduction of 47-84.29% (p < 0.05). Reduction in microfiber release was noted in the order of chitosan finish with alkali pre-treatment (PES-Al-Ch) > chitosan finish (PES-Ch) > sericin finish with alkali pre-treatment (PES-Al-Se) > polyvinyl alcohol finish with alkali pre-treatment (PES-Al-PVA) > polyvinyl alcohol finish (PES-PVA) for both fiber count and mass. In the case of enzyme pre-treatment, no reduction was reported, irrespective of the finishes applied. Repeated wash test results showed that the finishes could withstand and effectively control the microfiber release from the polyester fabric even after 20 washes. The performance of PES-Al-Ch fabric was superior among other modifications up to the fifth wash (with an 83.55% reduction in microfiber release). At extended washes like the 15th and 20th wash, the performance of PES-Al-PVA fabric was found to be better, with 94% and 95% microfiber reduction, respectively.
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14
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Mohamadi S, Madadi R, Rakib MRJ, De-la-Torre GE, Idris AM. Abundance and characterization of personal protective equipment (PPE) polluting Kish Island, Persian Gulf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158678. [PMID: 36099950 PMCID: PMC9464308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the major environmental threats the world is facing nowadays, which was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, multiple reports of single-use plastics driven by the pandemic, namely personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., face masks and gloves), contaminating coastal areas have been published. However, most studies focused solely on counting and visually characterizing this type of litter. In the present study, we complement conventional reports by characterizing this type of litter through chemical-analytical techniques. Standardized sampling procedures were carried out in Kish Island, The Persian Gulf, resulting in an average density of 2.34 × 10-4 PPE/m2. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the polymeric composition of weathered face masks and showed the occurrence of additional absorption bands associated with the photooxidation of the polymer backbone. On the other hand, the three layers of typical surgical face masks showed different non-woven structures, as well as signs of physical degradation (ruptures, cracks, rough surfaces), possibly leading to the release of microplastics. Furthermore, elemental mapping through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the middle layer of the masks allocated more elements of external origin (e.g., Na, Cl, Ca, Mg) than the outer and inner layers. This is likely to the overall higher surface area of the middle layer. Furthermore, our evidence indicates that improperly disposed PPE is already having an impact on a number of organisms in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Mohamadi
- Environmental Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reyhane Madadi
- Environmental Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
| | - Gabriel E De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Malla-Pradhan R, Pradhan BL, Phoungthong K, Joshi TP. Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics from Nepal's Second Largest Lake. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2022; 233:423. [PMID: 36267627 PMCID: PMC9569011 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-022-05896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to its harmful impact on biota, microplastic pollution is the top priority research in many countries. However, there is hardly any research on microplastic pollution in Nepal's freshwater. Therefore, the present research was accomplished in Phewa Lake to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of microplastic contamination in shoreline sediments. The average abundance of microplastic varied from 55 to 122.5 items/kg dry weight (dw). The highest value appeared on densely populated eastern side of the lake and the western region reported the lowest concentration of microplastic. With regard to the shape, fibers dominated the sediments of Phewa Lake accounting for 62.03%. The dominant color was transparent (23.53%) followed by blue (21.39%). The size category 0.2-1 mm recorded the highest abundance of microplastic. Similarly, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal the dominant polymer type as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). The outcome of this result adds a step toward filling the existing knowledge gap and providing a database on microplastic pollution in Nepal's freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwori Malla-Pradhan
- Environment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
- Department of Environmental Science, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- Environment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
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