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Shen K, Xia L, Jiao K, Pan F, Xiang B, Zhou W, Shou Y, Gao X, Hu S, Fang H, Xia C, Jiang X, Gao X, Li C, Sun P, Lu G, Fan H, Sun T. Characterization techniques for tobacco and its derivatives: a systematic review. Front Chem 2024; 12:1402502. [PMID: 39036657 PMCID: PMC11257895 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1402502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomass and its derivatives have broad applications in the fields of bio-catalysis, energy storage, environmental remediation. The structure and components of biomass, which are vital parameters affecting corresponding performances of derived products, need to be fully understood for further regulating the biomass and its derivatives. Herein, tobacco is taken as an example of biomass to introduce the typical characterization techniques in unraveling the structural information, chemical components, and properties of biomass and its derivatives. Firstly, the structural information, chemical components and application for biomass are summarized. Then the characterization techniques together with the resultant structural information and chemical components are introduced. Finally, to promote a wide and deep study in this field, the perspectives and challenges concerning structure and composition charaterization in biomass and its derivatives are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaixuan Jiao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanda Pan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boka Xiang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedian Shou
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihao Hu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Fang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xia
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinru Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangzheng Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Fan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tulai Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lawaniya SD, Kumar S, Yu Y, Awasthi K. Nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions/polypyrrole nanocomposite based low-cost flexible sensor for room temperature ammonia detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7904. [PMID: 38570517 PMCID: PMC10991286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the frontier research areas in the field of gas sensing is high-performance room temperature-based novel sensing materials, and new family of low-cost and eco-friendly carbon nanomaterials with a unique structure has attracted significant attention. In this work, we propose a novel low-cost flexible room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions/polypyrrole (NCNO-PPy) composite material mounted low-cost membrane substrate was synthesized by combining hydrothermal and in-situ chemical polymerization methods. The proposed flexible sensor revealed high sensing performance when employed as the sensing material for ammonia detection at room temperature. The NCNO-PPy ammonia sensor exhibited 17.32% response for 100 ppm ammonia concentration with a low response time of 26 s. The NCNO-PPy based flexible sensor displays high selectivity, good repeatability, and long-term durability with 1 ppm as the lower detection limit. The proposed flexible sensor also demonstrated remarkable mechanical robustness under extreme bending conditions, i.e., up to 90° bending angle and 500 bending cycles. This enhanced sensing performance can be related to the potential bonding and synergistic interaction between nitrogen-doped CNOs and PPy, the formation of defects from nitrogen doping, and the presence of high reactive sites on the surface of NCNO-PPy composites. Additionally, the computational study was performed on optimized NCNO-PPy nanocomposite for both with and without NH3 interaction. A deeper understanding of the sensing phenomena was proposed by the computation of several electronic characteristics, such as band gap, electron affinity, and ionization potential, for the optimized composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Dutta Lawaniya
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yeontae Yu
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India.
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Das GS, Tripathi VK, Dwivedi J, Jangir LK, Tripathi KM. Nanocarbon-based sensors for the structural health monitoring of smart biocomposites. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1490-1525. [PMID: 38186362 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety and durability of smart biocomposite materials used as multifunctional materials. Smart biocomposites are composed of renewable or biodegradable materials and have emerged as eco-friendly alternatives of traditional non-biodegradable glass fiber-based composite materials. Although biocomposites exhibit fascinating properties and many desirable traits, real-time and early stage SHM is the most challenging issue to enable their long-term use. Smart biocomposites are integrated with sensors for in situ identification of the progress of damage and composite failure. The sensitivity of such smart biocomposites is a key functionality, which can be tuned by the introduction of an appropriate filler. In particular, nanocarbons hold promising potential to be incorporated in SHM applications of biocomposites. This review focused on the potential applications of nanocarbons in SHM of biocomposites. The aspects related to fabrication techniques and working mechanism of sensors are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their unique mechanical and electrical properties and sustainable nature ensure seamless integration into biocomposites, allowing for real-time monitoring without compromising the material's properties. These sensors offer multi-parameter sensing capabilities, such as strain, pressure, humidity, temperature, and chemical exposure, allowing a comprehensive assessment of biocomposite health. Additionally, their durability and longevity in harsh conditions, along with wireless connectivity options, provide cost-effective and sustainable SHM solutions. As research in this field advances, ongoing efforts seek to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors, optimizing their performance for real-world applications. This review highlights the significant advances, ongoing efforts to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, and performance optimization of nanocarbon-based sensors along with their working mechanism in the field of SHM for smart biocomposites. The key challenges and future research perspectives facing the conversion of nanocarbons to smart biocomposites are also displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Sankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India. kumud@
| | - Vijayendra Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Jangir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India. kumud@
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Kumari P, Upadhyay P, Tripathi KM, Gupta R, Kulshrestha V, Awasthi K. Sulphonated poly(ethersulfone)/carbon nano-onions-based nanocomposite membranes with high ion-conducting channels for salt removal via electrodialysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87343-87352. [PMID: 37421532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we are reporting the carbon nano onions (CNO)-based sulphonated poly(ethersulfone) (SPES) composite membranes by varying CNO content in SPES matrix for water desalination applications. CNOs were cost-effectively synthesized using flaxseed oil as a carbon source in an energy efficient flame pyrolysis process. The physico- and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite membranes were evaluated and compared to pristine SPES. Moreover, the chemical characterisation of composite membranes and CNOs were illustrated using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal tensile machine (UTM). In the series of nanocomposite membranes, SPES-0.25 composite membrane displayed the highest water uptake (WU), ion exchange membrane (IEC) and ionic conductivity (IC) values that were enhanced by 9.25%, ~ 44.78% and ~ 6.10%, respectively, compared to pristine SPES membrane. The electrodialytic performance can be achieved maximum when membranes possess low power consumption (PC) and high energy efficiency (Ee). Therefore, the value of Ee and Pc for SPES-0.25 membrane has been determined to be 99.01 ± 0.97% and 0.92 ± 0.01 kWh kg-1, which are 1.12 and 1.11 times higher than the pristine SPES membrane. Hence, integrating CNO nanoparticles into the SPES matrix enhanced the ion-conducting channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Prashant Upadhyay
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Ragini Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
- Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
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