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Wang L, Li C, Hao X, Rycus P, Tonna JE, Alexander P, Fan E, Wang H, Yang F, Hou X. Percutaneous cannulation is associated with lower rate of severe neurological complication in femoro-femoral ECPR: results from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 37646841 PMCID: PMC10469150 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous cannulation is now accepted as the first-line strategy for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in adults. However, previous studies comparing percutaneous cannulation to surgical cannulation have been limited by small sample size and single-center settings. This study aimed to compare in-hospital outcomes in cardiac arrest (CA) patients who received femoro-femoral ECPR with percutaneous vs surgical cannulation. METHODS Adults with refractory CA treated with percutaneous (percutaneous group) or surgical (surgical group) femoro-femoral ECPR between January 2008 and December 2019 were extracted from the international Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. The primary outcome was severe neurological complication. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between percutaneous cannulation and in-hospital outcomes. RESULTS Among 3575 patients meeting study inclusion, 2749 (77%) underwent percutaneous cannulation. The proportion of patients undergoing percutaneous cannulation increased from 18% to 89% over the study period (p < 0.001 for trend). Severe neurological complication (13% vs 19%; p < 0.001) occurred less frequently in the percutaneous group compared to the surgical group. In adjusted analyses, percutaneous cannulation was independently associated with lower rate of severe neurological complication (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; 95% CI 0.46-0.83; p = 0.002), similar rates of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.73-1.17; p = 0.522), limb ischemia (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.58-1.20; p = 0.341) and cannulation site bleeding (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.66-1.22; p = 0.471). The comparison of outcomes provided similar results across different levels of center percutaneous experience or center ECPR volume. CONCLUSIONS Among adults receiving ECPR, percutaneous cannulation was associated with probable lower rate of severe neurological complication, and similar rates of in-hospital mortality, limb ischemia and cannulation site bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hao
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Rycus
- Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph E Tonna
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peta Alexander
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eddy Fan
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotong Hou
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Llorente IL, Hatanaka EA, Meadow ME, Xie Y, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Reliable generation of glial enriched progenitors from human fibroblast-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102458. [PMID: 34274773 PMCID: PMC8444576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter stroke (WMS) occurs as small infarcts in deep penetrating blood vessels in the brain and affects the regions of the brain that carry connections, termed the subcortical white matter. WMS progresses over years and has devastating clinical consequences. Unlike large grey matter strokes, WMS disrupts the axonal architecture of the brain and depletes astrocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, axons and myelinating cells, resulting in abnormalities of gait and executive function. An astrocytic cell-based therapy is positioned as a strong therapeutic candidate after WMS. In this study we report, the reliable generation of a novel stem cell-based therapeutic product, glial enriched progenitors (GEPs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). By transient treatment of hiPSC derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPCs) with the small molecule deferoxamine, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, for three days hiPSC-NPCs become permanently biased towards an astrocytic fate, producing hiPSC-GEPs. In preparation for clinical application, we have developed qualification assays to ensure identity, safety, purity, and viability of the cells prior to manufacture. Using tailored q-RT-PCR-based assays, we have demonstrated the lack of pluripotency in our final therapeutic candidate cells (hiPSC-GEPs) and we have identified the unique genetic profile of hiPSC-GEPs that is clearly distinct from the parent lines, hiPSCs and iPSC-NPCs. After completion of the viability assay, we have stablished the therapeutic window of use for hiPSC-GEPs in future clinical applications (7 h). Lastly, we were able to reliably and consistently produce a safe therapeutic final product negative for contamination by any human or murine viral pathogens, selected bacteria, common laboratory mycoplasmas, growth of any aerobes, anaerobes, yeast, or fungi and 100 times less endotoxin levels than the maximum acceptable value. This study demonstrates the reliable and safe generation of patient derived hiPSC-GEPs that are clinically ready as a cell-based therapeutic approach for WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Emily A Hatanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Michael E Meadow
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
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Miyamoto Y, Matsuyama T, Goto T, Ohbe H, Kitamura T, Yasunaga H, Ohta B. Association between age and neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients resuscitated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a nationwide multicentre observational study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2021; 11:35-42. [PMID: 33880567 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about the difference in outcomes between young and old patients who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in outcomes between those aged ≥75 years and <75 years who experienced OHCA and were resuscitated with ECPR. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a secondary analysis of a nationwide prospective cohort study using the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry. We identified patients aged ≥18 years with OHCA who received ECPR. The patients were classified into three age groups (18-59 years, 60-74 years, and ≥75 years). The primary outcome was a 1-month neurological outcome. To examine the association between age and 1-month neurological outcome, we performed logistic regression analyses fitted with generalized estimating equations. From 2014 to 2017, we identified 875 OHCA patients aged ≥18 years who received ECPR. The proportion of patients who survived with favourable neurological outcome in the patients aged 18-59 years, 60-74 years, and ≥75 years were 15% (64/434), 8.9% (29/326), and 1.7% (2/115), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, compared with the age of 18-59 years, the proportions of favourable neurological outcomes were significantly lower in patients aged 60-74 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32-0.61] and those aged ≥75 years (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.59). CONCLUSION Advanced age (age ≥75 years in particular) was significantly associated with poor neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA who received ECPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kaji-cho 465, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kaji-cho 465, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Goto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.,TXP Medical Co. Ltd., Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138485, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita 5650871, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Bon Ohta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kaji-cho 465, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
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Llorente IL, Xie Y, Mazzitelli JA, Hatanaka EA, Cinkornpumin J, Miller DR, Lin Y, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Patient-derived glial enriched progenitors repair functional deficits due to white matter stroke and vascular dementia in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/590/eaaz6747. [PMID: 33883275 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for up to 30% of all stroke events. WMS damages primarily astrocytes, axons, oligodendrocytes, and myelin. We hypothesized that a therapeutic intervention targeting astrocytes would be ideally suited for brain repair after WMS. We characterize the cellular properties and in vivo tissue repair activity of glial enriched progenitor (GEP) cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, termed hiPSC-derived GEPs (hiPSC-GEPs). hiPSC-GEPs are derived from hiPSC-neural progenitor cells via an experimental manipulation of hypoxia inducible factor activity by brief treatment with a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, deferoxamine. This treatment permanently biases these cells to further differentiate toward an astrocyte fate. hiPSC-GEPs transplanted into the brain in the subacute period after WMS in mice migrated widely, matured into astrocytes with a prorepair phenotype, induced endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and remyelination, and promoted axonal sprouting. hiPSC-GEPs enhanced motor and cognitive recovery compared to other hiPSC-differentiated cell types. This approach establishes an hiPSC-derived product with easy scale-up capabilities that might be effective for treating WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jose A Mazzitelli
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily A Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Cinkornpumin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David R Miller
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Zorina II, Fokina EA, Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO. Characteristics of Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in the Cortex of Old Rats in Conditions of Two-Vessel Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu HY, Wang CH, Chi NH, Huang SC, Chou HW, Chou NK, Chen YS. Effect of interplay between age and low-flow duration on neurologic outcomes of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 2018; 45:44-54. [PMID: 30547322 PMCID: PMC6334728 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Caseloads of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) have increased considerably, and hospital mortality rates remain high and unpredictable. The present study evaluated the effects of the interplay between age and prolonged low-flow duration (LFD) on hospital survival rates in elderly patients to identify subgroups that can benefit from ECPR. Methods Adult patients who received ECPR in our institution (2006–2016) were classified into groups 1, 2, and 3 (18–65, 65–75, and > 75 years, respectively). Data regarding ECPR and adverse events during hospitalization were collected prospectively. The primary end point was favorable neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) at hospital discharge. Results In total, 482 patients were divided into groups 1, 2, and 3 (70.5%, 19.3%, and 10.2%, respectively). LFDs were comparable among the groups (40.3, 41.0, and 44.3 min in groups 1, 2, and 3, P = 0.781, 0.231, and 0.382, respectively). Favorable neurologic outcome rates were nonsignificantly lower in group 3 than in the other groups (27.6%, 24.7%, and 18.4% for group 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that the favorable neurologic outcome rates in group 1 were 36.7%, 25.4%, and 13.0% for LFDs of < 30, 30–60, and > 60 min, respectively (P = 0.005); in group 2, they were 32.1%, 21.2%, and 23.1%, respectively (P = 0.548); in group 3 they were 25.0%, 20.8%, and 0.0%, respectively (P = 0.274). Conclusion On emergency consultation for ECPR, age and low-flow duration should be considered together to predict neurologic outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-018-5496-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yu Yu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hsin Chi
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chien Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Wen Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuan Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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7
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Kluge MG, Jones K, Kooi Ong L, Gowing EK, Nilsson M, Clarkson AN, Walker FR. Age-dependent Disturbances of Neuronal and Glial Protein Expression Profiles in Areas of Secondary Neurodegeneration Post-stroke. Neuroscience 2018; 393:185-195. [PMID: 30059704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that approximately 80% of strokes occur in those aged over 60 years, many pre-clinical stroke studies have been conducted in younger adult rodents, raising debate about translation and generalizability of these results. We were interested in potential age differences in stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration (SND). SND involves the death of neurons in areas remote from, but connected to, the site of infarction, as well as glial disturbances. Here we investigated potential differences in key parameters of SND in the thalamus, a major site of post-stroke SND. Protein expression profiles in young adult (2-4 months) and aged (22-23 months) mice were analyzed 28 days after a cortical stroke. Our results show that age reduced the expression of synaptic markers (PSD 95, Synapsin1) and increased Amyloid β oligomer accumulation after stroke. Protein expression of several markers of glial activity remained relatively stable across age groups post-stroke. We have identified that age exacerbates the severity of SND after stroke. Our results, however, do not support a view that microglia or astrocytes are the main contributors to the enhanced severity of SND in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle G Kluge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodriguez D, Santos-Galdiano M, Font-Belmonte E, Ugidos IF, Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Regueiro-Purriños M, Fernández-López A. Salubrinal and robenacoxib treatment after global cerebral ischemia. Exploring the interactions between ER stress and inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:26-37. [PMID: 29499167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood reperfusion of the ischemic tissue after stroke promotes increases in the inflammatory response as well as accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the cell, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both Inflammation and ER stress are critical processes in the delayed death of the cells damaged after ischemia. The aim of this study is to check the putative synergic neuroprotective effect by combining anti-inflammatory and anti-ER stress agents after ischemia. METHODS The study was performed on a two-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemia model. Animals were treated with salubrinal one hour after ischemia and with robenacoxib at 8 h and 32 h after ischemia. Parameters related to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 and different cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), were analyzed by qPCR at 24 h and 48 h after ischemia. Microglia and cell components of the neurovascular unit, including neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes, were analyzed by immunofluorescence after 48 h and seven days of reperfusion. RESULTS Pharmacologic control of ER stress by salubrinal treatment after ischemia, revealed a neuroprotective effect over neurons that reduces the transcription of molecules involved in the impairment of the BBB. Robenacoxib treatment stepped neuronal demise forward, revealing a detrimental effect of this anti-inflammatory agent. Combined treatment with robenacoxib and salubrinal after ischemia prevented neuronal loss and changes in components of the neurovascular unit and microglia observed when animals were treated only with robenacoxib. CONCLUSION Combined treatment with anti-ER stress and anti-inflammatory agents is able to provide enhanced neuroprotective effects reducing glial activation, which opens new avenues in therapies against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irene F Ugidos
- Dpt. Biología Celular, Instituto Biomedicina. Universidad de León, Spain
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Global gene expression profile of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat MCAO model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74607-74622. [PMID: 29088811 PMCID: PMC5650366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that reperfusion following cerebral ischemic injury gives rise to secondary injury accompanied by structural and functional damage. However, it remains unclear how global genes changes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated global gene expression in the hippocampi of Wistar rats following transient cerebral IRI using an RNA-sequencing strategy. The results revealed ≥2-fold up-regulation of 156 genes and ≥2-fold down-regulation of 26 genes at 24 h post-reperfusion. Fifteen differentially expressed genes were selected to confirm the RNA-sequencing results. Gene expression levels were dynamic, with the peak expression level of each gene occurring at different time points post-reperfusion. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis classified the differentially expressed genes as mainly involved in inflammation, stress and immune response, glucose metabolism, proapoptosis, antiapoptosis, and biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that IRI activated different signaling pathways, including focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling, and Jak-STAT signaling. This study describes global gene expression profiles in the hippocampi of Wistar rats using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. These findings provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of IRI and potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of IRI in the future.
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Martín-Aragón Baudel MAS, Poole AV, Darlison MG. Chloride co-transporters as possible therapeutic targets for stroke. J Neurochem 2016; 140:195-209. [PMID: 27861901 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. The major type of stroke is an ischaemic one, which is caused by a blockage that interrupts blood flow to the brain. There are currently very few pharmacological strategies to reduce the damage and social burden triggered by this pathology. The harm caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain unfolds in the subsequent hours and days, so it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets that could reduce neuronal death associated with the spread of the damage. Here, we review some of the key molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of neuronal death, focusing on some new and promising studies. In particular, we focus on the potential of the chloride co-transporter (CCC) family of proteins, mediators of the GABAergic response, both during the early and later stages of stroke, to promote neuroprotection and recovery. Different studies of CCCs during the chronic and recovery phases post-stroke reveal the importance of timing when considering CCCs as potential neuroprotective and/or neuromodulator targets. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of the two main neuronal CCCs, NKCC1 and KCC2, are further discussed as an indirect approach for promoting neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation following an ischaemic insult. Finally, we mention the likely importance of combining different strategies in order to achieve more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy V Poole
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G Darlison
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, UK
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Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Santos-Galdiano M, Font E, Regueiro-Purriños M, Fernández-López A. Post-ischemic salubrinal treatment results in a neuroprotective role in global cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2016; 138:295-306. [PMID: 27123756 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the neuroprotective effect of treatment with salubrinal 1 and 24 h following 15 min of ischemia in a two-vessel occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if salubrinal, an enhancer of the unfolded protein response, reduces the neural damage modulating the inflammatory response. The study was performed in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas as well as in the cerebral cortex whose different vulnerability to ischemic damage is widely described. Characterization of proteins was made by western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA, whereas mRNA levels were measured by Quantitative PCR. The salubrinal treatment decreased the cell demise in CA1 at 7 days as well as the levels of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) in CA1 and cerebral cortex at 48 h and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 cell adhesion molecules. However, increases in tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inflammatory markers were observed at 24 h. Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were not modified by salubrinal treatment in CA1 and cerebral cortex. We describe a neuroprotective effect of the post-ischemic treatment with salubrinal, measured as a decrease both in CA1 cell demise and in the blood-brain barrier impairment. We hypothesize that the ability of salubrinal to counteract the CA1 cell demise is because of a reduced ability of this structure to elicit unfolded protein response which would account for its greater ischemic vulnerability. Data of both treated and non-treated animals suggest that the neurovascular unit present a structure-dependent response to ischemia and a different course time for CA1/cerebral cortex compared with CA3. Finally, our study reveals a high responsiveness of endothelial cells to salubrinal in contrast to the limited responsiveness of astrocytes. The alleviation of ER stress by enhancing UPR with salubrinal treatment reduces the ischemic damage. This effect varies across the different neurovascular unit cell types. The salubrinal neuroprotective effect on CA1 supports differences in neurovascular unit for different brain regions and involves the inflammatory response and its time course. Thus, UPR modulation could be a therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrique Font
- Área Biología Celular, Instituto Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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12
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Role of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 as biomarkers in early and late stages of schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 73:45-52. [PMID: 26679764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neuroprogressive disorder presenting with biochemical, functional, and structural changes, which differ from early to late stages of the illness. We explored the differences in serum levels of soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) between early and late stages of SZ, in regard to clinical characteristics and treatment application. Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured in 80 patients with SZ (40 early stage; 40 late stage), and compared with 80 healthy controls, matched by age, gender, body mass index, and smoking habits with each SZ group. Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured using ELISA. The severity of psychopathology was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression Scale and five-factor Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Scale. After adjustment for confounders, we noticed normal levels of sICAM-1 in the early stage, and elevated levels of sICAM-1 in the late stage of SZ. sVCAM-1 levels were decreased in both stages of SZ. Higher sICAM-1 levels have been related to more pronounced cognitive deficit and excitement symptoms in the early stage of SZ and to favorable characteristics of treatment application in both stages. SZ is associated with changes in the levels of adhesion molecules that vary from early to late stages of the illness. This implies that the concept of biochemical staging is applicable in SZ, at least for markers of cellular adhesion.
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Anuncibay-Soto B, Santos-Galdiano M, Fernández-López A. Neuroprotection by salubrinal treatment in global cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1744-1745. [PMID: 28123406 PMCID: PMC5204218 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Area de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galdiano
- Area de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Experimental animal models and inflammatory cellular changes in cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:717-34. [PMID: 26625873 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, including cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, is the leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Animal models have greatly contributed to our understanding of the risk factors and the pathophysiology of stroke, as well as the development of therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Further development and investigation of experimental models, however, are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of stroke and to enhance and expand novel therapeutic targets. In this article, we provide an overview of the characteristics of commonly-used animal models of stroke and focus on the inflammatory responses to cerebral stroke, which may provide insights into a framework for developing effective therapies for stroke in humans.
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