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Xu Y, Zhang J, Li X. Erjingwan and Alzheimer's disease: research based on network pharmacology and experimental confirmation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328334. [PMID: 38741585 PMCID: PMC11089143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), a challenging neurodegenerative condition, has emerged as a significant global public health concern. The Chinese medicine decoction Erjingwan (EJW) has shown promising efficacy in AD treatment, though its mechanism remains unclear. Objective This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which EJW treats AD through network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experiments. Methods We identified EJW's components using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and determined AD-related targets from various databases. A network comprising herbs-compounds-targets was established, and EJW's core targets were ascertained through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. This study assessed the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice using Morris water mazes and Y mazes, in addition to analyzing blood samples for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Brain tissues were examined histologically with HE staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for amyloid β-protein (Aβ) detection. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the hippocampal region were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB), apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), advanced glycation end products (AGE), the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was evaluated by quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of AGE, RAGE, NF-κB, and Tau protein. Results Screening identified 57 chemical components and 222 potential targets of EJW. Ten core targets for AD treatment were identified, with enrichment analysis suggesting EJW's effects are related to lipid metabolism and AGEs/RAGE pathways. EJW enhanced learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice, protected neuronal structure in the hippocampal region, reduced Aβ deposition, and altered levels of TG, TC, LDL, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the expression of APOE4, AGEs, RAGE, NF-κB, and Tau protein, while increasing SOD, APOA-I, and APOB mRNA expression. Conclusion The study identified four core components of EJW-iosgenin, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, quercetin-and ten core targets including AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, TP53, CASP3, for treating AD. Experimental results demonstrate EJW's capacity to modulate lipid profiles, reduce pathological markers such as Aβ1-42, Tau, IL-6, IL-1β, reactive oxygen species, SOD, and enhance cognitive functions in APP/PS1 mice, potentially through inhibiting the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Wang C, Cui X, Dong Z, Liu Y, Xia P, Wang X, Zhang Z, Yu S, Wu S, Liu H, Zong S, Lu Z. Attenuated memory impairment and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease by aucubin via the inhibition of ERK-FOS axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111312. [PMID: 38043266 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative illness accompanied by cognitive and memory loss. In addition to the widely accepted, convincing amyloid cascade hypothesis, the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammation, especially the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, has an essential role in the development and progression of AD. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory treatment is becoming a promising therapeutic strategy. Aucubin (Au) is a natural product derived from many plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Up to now, no research has been conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Au and its neuroprotective quality on AD and the potential molecular mechanisms of its medical roles. In our study, the results of network pharmacology revealed the potential therapeutic effect of Au on AD. The results of studies in vivo showed that Au improved the behaviors, counteracted cognitive and memory deficits, and ameliorated AD-like pathological features of the mouse brain, e.g., the deposition of Aβ plaques, neuronal damage, and inflammatory responses induced by glial cell overactivation, in APP/PS1 mice. The transcriptome sequencing further confirmed that the pathological symptoms of AD could be reversed by inhibiting the ERK/FOS axis to alleviate the inflammatory response. The in vitro experiments revealed that Au suppressed the BV2 cell activation, inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-FOS, and reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production by BV2 cells and primary astrocytes. Our study suggested that Au exerted its neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the inflammatory responses, which could be a promising treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenfang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengcheng Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Aloi MS, Prater KE, Sánchez REA, Beck A, Pathan JL, Davidson S, Wilson A, Keene CD, de la Iglesia H, Jayadev S, Garden GA. Microglia specific deletion of miR-155 in Alzheimer's disease mouse models reduces amyloid-β pathology but causes hyperexcitability and seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:60. [PMID: 36879321 PMCID: PMC9990295 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) as well as CNS and systemic inflammation. Microglia, the myeloid cells resident in the CNS, use microRNAs to rapidly respond to inflammatory signals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate inflammatory responses in microglia, and miRNA profiles are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Expression of the pro-inflammatory miRNA, miR-155, is increased in the AD brain. However, the role of miR-155 in AD pathogenesis is not well-understood. We hypothesized that miR-155 participates in AD pathophysiology by regulating microglia internalization and degradation of Aβ. We used CX3CR1CreER/+ to drive-inducible, microglia-specific deletion of floxed miR-155 alleles in two AD mouse models. Microglia-specific inducible deletion of miR-155 in microglia increased anti-inflammatory gene expression while reducing insoluble Aβ1-42 and plaque area. Yet, microglia-specific miR-155 deletion led to early-onset hyperexcitability, recurring spontaneous seizures, and seizure-related mortality. The mechanism behind hyperexcitability involved microglia-mediated synaptic pruning as miR-155 deletion altered microglia internalization of synaptic material. These data identify miR-155 as a novel modulator of microglia Aβ internalization and synaptic pruning, influencing synaptic homeostasis in the setting of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S Aloi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katherine E Prater
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Asad Beck
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jasmine L Pathan
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stephanie Davidson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Angela Wilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA.
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4
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Tiwari D, Mittal N, Jha HC. Unraveling the links between neurodegeneration and Epstein-Barr virus-mediated cell cycle dysregulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100046. [PMID: 36685766 PMCID: PMC9846474 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus is a well-known cell cycle modulator. To establish successful infection in the host, EBV alters the cell cycle at multiple steps via antigens such as EBNAs, LMPs, and certain other EBV-encoded transcripts. Interestingly, several recent studies have indicated the possibility of EBV's neurotrophic potential. However, the effects and outcomes of EBV infection in the CNS are under-explored. Additionally, more and more epidemiological evidence implicates the cell-cycle dysregulation in neurodegeneration. Numerous hypotheses which describe the triggers that force post-mitotic neurons to re-enter the cell cycle are prevalent. Apart from the known genetic and epigenetic factors responsible, several reports have shown the association of microbial infections with neurodegenerative pathology. Although, studies implicating the herpesvirus family members in neurodegeneration exist, the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in particular, is under-evaluated. Interestingly, a few clinical studies have reported patients of AD or PD to be seropositive for EBV. Based on the findings mentioned above, in this review, we propose that EBV infection in neurons could drive it towards neurodegeneration through dysregulation of cell-cycle events and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India,Corresponding author.
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5
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Oblak AL, Lin PB, Kotredes KP, Pandey RS, Garceau D, Williams HM, Uyar A, O'Rourke R, O'Rourke S, Ingraham C, Bednarczyk D, Belanger M, Cope ZA, Little GJ, Williams SPG, Ash C, Bleckert A, Ragan T, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Territo PR, Carter GW, Howell GR, Sasner M, Lamb BT. Comprehensive Evaluation of the 5XFAD Mouse Model for Preclinical Testing Applications: A MODEL-AD Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:713726. [PMID: 34366832 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.71372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to investigate therapeutic interventions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases depends on extensive characterization of the model(s) being used. There are numerous models that have been generated to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. While transgenic models have been instrumental in understanding AD mechanisms and risk factors, they are limited in the degree of characteristics displayed in comparison with AD in humans, and the full spectrum of AD effects has yet to be recapitulated in a single mouse model. The Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL-AD) consortium was assembled by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to develop more robust animal models of AD with increased relevance to human disease, standardize the characterization of AD mouse models, improve preclinical testing in animals, and establish clinically relevant AD biomarkers, among other aims toward enhancing the translational value of AD models in clinical drug design and treatment development. Here we have conducted a detailed characterization of the 5XFAD mouse, including transcriptomics, electroencephalogram, in vivo imaging, biochemical characterization, and behavioral assessments. The data from this study is publicly available through the AD Knowledge Portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Ravi S Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Dylan Garceau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Rita O'Rourke
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Melisa Belanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Carl Ash
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adam Bleckert
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Tim Ragan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul R Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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6
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Oblak AL, Lin PB, Kotredes KP, Pandey RS, Garceau D, Williams HM, Uyar A, O'Rourke R, O'Rourke S, Ingraham C, Bednarczyk D, Belanger M, Cope ZA, Little GJ, Williams SPG, Ash C, Bleckert A, Ragan T, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Territo PR, Carter GW, Howell GR, Sasner M, Lamb BT. Comprehensive Evaluation of the 5XFAD Mouse Model for Preclinical Testing Applications: A MODEL-AD Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:713726. [PMID: 34366832 PMCID: PMC8346252 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.713726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to investigate therapeutic interventions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases depends on extensive characterization of the model(s) being used. There are numerous models that have been generated to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. While transgenic models have been instrumental in understanding AD mechanisms and risk factors, they are limited in the degree of characteristics displayed in comparison with AD in humans, and the full spectrum of AD effects has yet to be recapitulated in a single mouse model. The Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL-AD) consortium was assembled by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to develop more robust animal models of AD with increased relevance to human disease, standardize the characterization of AD mouse models, improve preclinical testing in animals, and establish clinically relevant AD biomarkers, among other aims toward enhancing the translational value of AD models in clinical drug design and treatment development. Here we have conducted a detailed characterization of the 5XFAD mouse, including transcriptomics, electroencephalogram, in vivo imaging, biochemical characterization, and behavioral assessments. The data from this study is publicly available through the AD Knowledge Portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Ravi S Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Dylan Garceau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Rita O'Rourke
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Melisa Belanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Carl Ash
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adam Bleckert
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Tim Ragan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul R Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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7
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Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of a Natural Product Mixture against AD Hallmarks and Cognitive Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans and an SAMP8 Mice Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072411. [PMID: 34371921 PMCID: PMC8308558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of different natural products can provide a wealth of bioactive compounds, and more interestingly, their combination can exert a new strategy for several neurodegenerative diseases with major public health importance, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the synergistic neuroprotective effects of a mixed extract composed of docosahexaenoic acid, Ginkgo biloba, D-pinitol, and ursolic acid in several transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and a senescence-accelerated prone mice 8 (SAMP8) model. First, we found a significantly higher survival percentage in the C. elegans group treated with the natural product mixture compared to the single extract-treated groups. Likewise, we found a significantly increased lifespan in group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, suggesting synergistic effects. Remarkably, we determined a significant reduction in Aβ plaque accumulation in the group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, confirming synergy. Finally, we demonstrated better cognitive performance in the group treated with the natural product mixture in both AD models (neuronal Aβ C. elegans strain CL2355 and the SAMP8 mice model), confirming the molecular results and unraveling the synergist effects of this combination. Therefore, our results proved the potential of this new natural product mixture for AD therapeutic strategies.
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8
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Peng Z, Bedi S, Mann V, Sundaresan A, Homma K, Gaskey G, Kowada M, Umar S, Kulkarni AD, Eltzschig HK, Doursout MF. Neuroprotective Effects of Asparagus officinalis Stem Extract in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Amyloid Precursor Protein. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8121407. [PMID: 34046506 PMCID: PMC8128539 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To mimic Alzheimer's disease, transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) were used in this study. We hypothesize that the neuroprotective effects of ETAS®50, a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem produced by Amino Up Co., Ltd. (Sapporo, Japan), are linked to the inhibition of the apoptosis cascade through an enhancement of the stress-response proteins: heat shock proteins (HSPs). APP-overexpressing mice (double-transgenic APP and PS1 mouse strains with a 129s6 background), ages 6-8 weeks old, and weighing 20-24 grams were successfully bred in our laboratory. The animals were divided into 5 groups. APP-overexpressing mice and wild-type (WT) mice were pretreated with ETAS®50 powder (50% elemental ETAS and 50% destrin) at 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Saline, the vehicle for ETAS®50, was administered in APP-overexpressing mice and WT mice. ETAS®50 and saline were administered by gavage daily for 1 month. Cognitive assessments, using the Morris Water Maze, demonstrated that memory was recovered following ETAS®50 treatment as compared to nontreated APP mice. At euthanization, the brain was removed and HSPs, amyloid β, tau proteins, and caspase-3 were evaluated through immunofluorescence staining with the appropriate antibodies. Our data indicate that APP mice have cognitive impairment along with elevated amyloid β, tau proteins, and caspase-3. ETAS®50 restored cognitive function in these transgenic mice, increased both HSP70 and HSP27, and attenuated pathogenic level of amyloid β, tau proteins, and caspsase-3 leading to neuroprotection. Our results were confirmed with a significant increase in HSP70 gene expression in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglong Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical Houston, TX, USA
| | - Supinder Bedi
- Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Mann
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Gaskey
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
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9
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Wang J, Hu HJ, Liu ZK, Liu JJ, Wang SS, Cheng Q, Chen HZ, Song M. Pharmacological inhibition of asparaginyl endopeptidase by δ-secretase inhibitor 11 mitigates Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 33789744 PMCID: PMC8015189 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therapeutics that can modify the early stage of AD are urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of AD is closely regulated by an endo/lysosomal asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP). Inhibition of AEP has been reported to prevent neural degeneration in transgenic mouse models of AD. However, more than 90% of AD cases are age-related sporadic AD rather than hereditary AD. The therapeutic efficacy of AEP inhibition in ageing-associated sporadic AD remains unknown. METHODS The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) was chosen as an approximate model of sporadic AD and treated with a selective AEP inhibitor,: δ-secretase inhibitor 11. Activation of AEP was determined by enzymatic activity assay. Concentration of soluble amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain was determined by ELISA. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the learning and memory-related cognitive ability. Pathological changes in the brain were explored by morphological and western blot analyses. RESULTS The enzymatic activity of AEP in the SAMP8 mouse brain was significantly higher than that in the age-matched SAMR1 mice. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for δ-secretase inhibitor 11 to inhibit AEP in vitro is was around 150 nM. Chronic treatment with δ-secretase inhibitor 11 markedly decreased the brain AEP activity, reduced the generation of Aβ1-40/42 and ameliorated memory loss. The inhibition of AEP with this reagent not only reduced the AEP-cleaved tau fragments and tau hyperphosphorylation, but also attenuated neuroinflammation in the form of microglial activation. Moreover, treatment with δ-secretase inhibitor 11 prevented the synaptic loss and alleviated dendritic disruption in SAMP8 mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological inhibition of AEP can intervene and prevent AD-like pathological progress in the model of sporadic AD. The up-regulated AEP in the brain could be a promising target for early treatment of AD. The δ-secretase inhibitor 11 can be used as a lead compound for translational development of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zi-Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Mingke Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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10
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Sasaki K, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Wu Q, Davies J, Szele FG, Isoda H. Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:600575. [PMID: 33634096 PMCID: PMC7900145 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has recently been focused on nutraceuticals, with minimal adverse effects, developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. To test neuroprotection by the ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and a derivative, the n-Hexane layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-β-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, was used as an in vitro AD model. We then assessed the potential enhancement of neurogenesis by EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and AD-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for assessment of neurogenesis in mice administered EEA. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, HEEA, ameliorated amyloid-β-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular adenosine triphosphate production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whereas HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin+ young neurons and GFAP+ astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency in the Morris water maze in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU+GFAP+ stem cells and their progeny, BrdU+NeuN+ mature neurons. In conclusion, our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against several age-related diseases, particularly AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francis G. Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Gerasimov NY, Ivanenko GF, Bobkova NV, Nevrova OV, Goloshchapov AN. Investigation of Changes in the Microviscosity of the Erythrocyte Membranes and Glutathione in the Plasma of Animals with an Experimental Pathology Type Alzheimer’s Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Ma X, Gan T, Shi Y, Wang Y, Liu Q. Secondary Chemical Bonding between Insoluble Calcium Oxalate and Carbonyl Oxygen Atoms of GLY and VAL Residues Triggers the Formation of Aβ Aggregates and Their Deposition in the Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4007-4011. [PMID: 33271013 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts, the cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully understood. A chemical and biochemical perspective could shed light on this disorder. Secondary chemical bonding between calcium and carbonyl oxygen atoms of glycine and valine might give rise to aggregates in the brain, which may later result in cell senescence. The decrease of solubility caused by amino acid substitutions in specific risk factors compounds insolubility issue and likely triggers early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Occasionally the enhancement of hydrogen bonding by amino acid replacements can reinforce the aggregates. Therefore, secondary chemical bonding to cations can generate cellular stresses in patients with Alzheimer's disease in addition to other chemical and biochemical interactions such as salt bridge. The distinction between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk factors may lie in the total capacity of a protein or local potency of a protein fragment to bind calcium or/and oxalate as calcium oxalate is highly insoluble and stressful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- The Third Xiang Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Tao Gan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 34100, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunfan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qiuyun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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13
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Kong F, Jiang X, Wang R, Zhai S, Zhang Y, Wang D. Forsythoside B attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation via inhibition on NF-κB signaling in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:305. [PMID: 33059746 PMCID: PMC7565774 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a principal element in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, so anti-inflammation may be a promising therapeutic strategy. Forsythoside B (FTS•B), a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Forsythiae fructus, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, no studies have reported whether the anti-inflammatory properties of FTS•B have a neuroprotective effect in AD. In the present study, these effects of FTS•B were investigated using amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice, BV-2 cells, and HT22 cells. Methods APP/PS1 mice were administered FTS•B intragastrically for 36 days. Behavioral tests were then carried out to examine cognitive functions, including the Morris water maze, Y maze, and open field experiment. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), the phosphorylation of tau protein, and the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 in the hippocampus. Proteins that showed marked changes in levels related to neuroinflammation were identified using proteomics and verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. BV-2 and HT22 cells were also used to confirm the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of FTS•B. Results In APP/PS1 mice, FTS•B counteracted cognitive decline, ameliorated the deposition of Aβ and the phosphorylation of tau protein, and attenuated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the cortex and hippocampus. FTS•B affected vital signaling, particularly by decreasing the activation of JNK-interacting protein 3/C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and suppressing WD-repeat and FYVE-domain-containing protein 1/toll-like receptor 3 (WDFY1/TLR3), further suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. In BV-2 and HT22 cells, FTS•B prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and reduced the microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. Conclusions FTS•B effectively counteracted cognitive decline by regulating neuroinflammation via NF-κB signaling in APP/PS1 mice, providing preliminary experimental evidence that FTS•B is a promising therapeutic agent in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan'ge Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siyu Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Pistollato F, Bernasconi C, McCarthy J, Campia I, Desaintes C, Wittwehr C, Deceuninck P, Whelan M. Alzheimer's Disease, and Breast and Prostate Cancer Research: Translational Failures and the Importance to Monitor Outputs and Impact of Funded Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1194. [PMID: 32674379 PMCID: PMC7401638 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cancer are becoming increasingly prevalent in Western countries. In the last two decades, research focused on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, in particular, breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC), has been substantially funded both in Europe and worldwide. While scientific research outcomes have contributed to increase our understanding of the disease etiopathology, still the prevalence of these chronic degenerative conditions remains very high across the globe. By definition, no model is perfect. In particular, animal models of AD, BC, and PC have been and still are traditionally used in basic/fundamental, translational, and preclinical research to study human disease mechanisms, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop new drugs. However, animals do not adequately model some essential features of human disease; therefore, they are often unable to pave the way to the development of drugs effective in human patients. The rise of new technological tools and models in life science, and the increasing need for multidisciplinary approaches have encouraged many interdisciplinary research initiatives. With considerable funds being invested in biomedical research, it is becoming pivotal to define and apply indicators to monitor the contribution to innovation and impact of funded research. Here, we discuss some of the issues underlying translational failure in AD, BC, and PC research, and describe how indicators could be applied to retrospectively measure outputs and impact of funded biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Camilla Bernasconi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Janine McCarthy
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Ivana Campia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Christian Desaintes
- European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Innovation (RTD), 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Clemens Wittwehr
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Pierre Deceuninck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
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15
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Zhou Z, Hou J, Mo Y, Ren M, Yang G, Qu Z, Hu Y. Geniposidic acid ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficits and alleviates neuroinflammation via inhibiting HMGB-1 and downregulating TLR4/2 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 869:172857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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"Olfactory Three-Needle" Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:2893289. [PMID: 32377265 PMCID: PMC7199563 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2893289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important therapies in complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture has been used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acupuncture of “olfactory three-needle” manipulation can improve the cognitive ability of AD patients. However, the mechanism of “olfactory three-needle” in AD remains largely unknown. Here, we identified that the “olfactory three-needle” therapy and eugenol olfactory stimulation both reduced the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and increased the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), but only the “olfactory three-needle” enhanced the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8. Remarkably, the “olfactory three-needle” inhibited the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of microglia (MG) in the hippocampus. Our study demonstrates that the “olfactory three-needle” enhances spatial learning and memory ability by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of MG to reduce the neuroinflammatory response and neurotoxicity of Aβ and promote synaptic regeneration, but it was not completely consistent with the stimulation of the olfactory system.
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17
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Zhou XL, Xu MB, Jin TY, Rong PQ, Zheng GQ, Lin Y. Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms of Extracts or Compounds from Cistanches for Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1075-1093. [PMID: 31595204 PMCID: PMC6764737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, disease-modified strategies to prevent, halt or reverse the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still lacking. Previous studies indicated extracts or compounds from Cistanches (ECC) exert a potential neuroprotective effect against AD. Thus, we conducted a preclinical systematic review to assess preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms of ECC in experimental AD. A systematical searching strategy was carried out across seven databases from their inceptions to July 2018. Twenty studies with 1696 rats or mice were involved. Neurobehavioral function indices as primary outcome measures were established by the Morris water maze test (n = 11), step-down test (n = 10), electrical Y-maze test (n = 4), step-through test (n = 3), open field test (n = 2) and passage water maze test (n = 1). Compared with controls, the results of the meta-analysis showed ECC exerted a significant effect in decreasing the escape latency, error times and wrong reaction latency in both the training test and the retention test, and in increasing the exact time and the percentage of time in the platform-quadrant and the number of platform crossings (all P<0.01). In conclusion, ECC exert potential neuroprotective effects in experimental AD, mainly through mechanisms involving antioxidant stress and antiapoptosic effects, inhibiting Aβ deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation and promoting synapse protection. Thus, ECC could be a candidate for AD treatment and further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Bei Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Jin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Qing Rong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
Animal models are indispensable tools for Alzheimer disease (AD) research. Over the course of more than two decades, an increasing number of complementary rodent models has been generated. These models have facilitated testing hypotheses about the aetiology and progression of AD, dissecting the associated pathomechanisms and validating therapeutic interventions, thereby providing guidance for the design of human clinical trials. However, the lack of success in translating rodent data into therapeutic outcomes may challenge the validity of the current models. This Review critically evaluates the genetic and non-genetic strategies used in AD modelling, discussing their strengths and limitations, as well as new opportunities for the development of better models for the disease.
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19
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Braidy N, Zarka M, Jugder BE, Welch J, Jayasena T, Chan DKY, Sachdev P, Bridge W. The Precursor to Glutathione (GSH), γ-Glutamylcysteine (GGC), Can Ameliorate Oxidative Damage and Neuroinflammation Induced by Aβ 40 Oligomers in Human Astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:177. [PMID: 31440155 PMCID: PMC6694290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most abundant thiol antioxidants in cells. Many chronic and age-related diseases are associated with a decline in cellular GSH levels or impairment in the catalytic activity of the GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been shown to induce oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits which have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Calcium ions, which are increased with age and in AD, have been previously reported to enhance the formation of Aβ40 oligomers, which have been casually associated with the pathogenesis of the underlying neurodegenerative condition. In this study, we examined the potential beneficial effects of GGC against exogenous Aβ40 oligomers on biomarkers of apoptosis and cell death, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, in human astrocytes. Treatment with Aβ40 oligomers significantly reduced the cell viability and apoptosis of astrocyte brain cultures and increased oxidative modifications of DNA, lipids, and protein, enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increased the activity of the proteolytic matrix metalloproteinase enzyme, matric metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and reduced the activity of MMP-9 after 24 h. Co-treatment of Aβ40 oligomers with GGC at 200 μM increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and led to significant increases in the levels of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and GSH and reduced the GSSG/GSH ratio. GGC also upregulated the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and attenuated the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes. Our data provides renewed insight on the beneficial effects of increased GSH levels by GGC in human astrocytes, and identifies yet another potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of Aβ oligomers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Zarka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Welch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel K Y Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wallace Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Cano A, Ettcheto M, Chang JH, Barroso E, Espina M, Kühne BA, Barenys M, Auladell C, Folch J, Souto EB, Camins A, Turowski P, García ML. Dual-drug loaded nanoparticles of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/Ascorbic acid enhance therapeutic efficacy of EGCG in a APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's disease mice model. J Control Release 2019; 301:62-75. [PMID: 30876953 PMCID: PMC6510952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a candidate for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but its inherent instability limits bioavailability and effectiveness. We found that EGCG displayed increased stability when formulated as dual-drug loaded PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles (EGCG/AA NPs). Oral administration of EGCG/AA NPs in mice resulted in EGCG accumulation in all major organs, including the brain. Pharmacokinetic comparison of plasma and brain accumulation following oral administration of free or EGCG/AA NPs showed that, whilst in both cases initial EGCG concentrations were similar, long-term (5–25 h) concentrations were ca. 5 fold higher with EGCG/AA NPs. No evidence was found that EGCG/AA NPs utilised a specific pathway across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, EGCG, empty NPs and EGCG/AA NPs all induced tight junction disruption and opened the BBB in vitro and ex vivo. Oral treatment of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a familial model of AD, with EGCG/AA NPs resulted in a marked increase in synapses, as judged by synaptophysin (SYP) expression, and reduction of neuroinflammation as well as amyloid β (Aβ) plaque burden and cortical levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ(1-42) peptide. These morphological changes were accompanied by significantly enhanced spatial learning and memory. Mechanistically, we propose that stabilisation of EGCG in NPs complexes and a destabilized BBB led to higher therapeutic EGCG concentrations in the brain. Thus EGCG/AA NPs have the potential to be developed as a safe and strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, United Kingdom
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jui-Hsien Chang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Health Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Britta A Kühne
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Auladell
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, United Kingdom..
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
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22
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Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:12-20. [PMID: 30470438 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), is a typical progressive and destructive neurodegenerative disease. It is the leading cause of senile dementia that is mainly represented as neurocognitive symptoms, including progressive memory impairment, cognitive disorder, personality change and language barrier, etc. The pathogeny and nosogenesis of AD have not been clearly explained. AD is characterized by extracellular senile plaques (SP) formed by beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal cells formed by hyperphosphorylation of tau, as well as the deficiency of neuronal with gliosis. However, the complete spectrum of regulating factors in molecular level that affect the pathogenesis of AD is unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and AD. It is increasingly recognized that lncRNAs is tightly related to the pathogenesis and prevention and cure of AD. In the review, we highlighted the roles of lncRNAs in AD pathways and discussed increasing interest in targeting and regulating lncRNAs for the therapeutics of AD.
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23
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Sánchez-López E, Ettcheto M, Egea MA, Espina M, Cano A, Calpena AC, Camins A, Carmona N, Silva AM, Souto EB, García ML. Memantine loaded PLGA PEGylated nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo characterization. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:32. [PMID: 29587747 PMCID: PMC5870370 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Memantine, drug approved for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease, has not shown to be fully effective. In order to solve this issue, polylactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) nanoparticles could be a suitable solution to increase drug’s action on the target site as well as decrease adverse effects. For these reason, Memantine was loaded in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles, produced by double emulsion method and surface-coated with polyethylene glycol. MEM–PEG–PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were aimed to target the blood–brain barrier (BBB) upon oral administration for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Results The production parameters were optimized by design of experiments. MEM–PEG–PLGA NPs showed a mean particle size below 200 nm (152.6 ± 0.5 nm), monomodal size distribution (polydispersity index, PI < 0.1) and negative surface charge (− 22.4 mV). Physicochemical characterization of NPs confirmed that the crystalline drug was dispersed inside the PLGA matrix. MEM–PEG–PLGA NPs were found to be non-cytotoxic on brain cell lines (bEnd.3 and astrocytes). Memantine followed a slower release profile from the NPs against the free drug solution, allowing to reduce drug administration frequency in vivo. Nanoparticles were able to cross BBB both in vitro and in vivo. Behavioral tests carried out on transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 mice demonstrated to enhance the benefit of decreasing memory impairment when using MEM–PEG–PLGA NPs in comparison to the free drug solution. Histological studies confirmed that MEM–PEG–PLGA NPs reduced β-amyloid plaques and the associated inflammation characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions Memantine NPs were suitable for Alzheimer’s disease and more effective than the free drug. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0356-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Egea
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Carmona
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB-UTAD, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciencias da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Virgili J, Lebbadi M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Pierrisnard C, Faucher-Genest A, Emond V, Julien C, Calon F. Characterization of a 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) background. Synapse 2018; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Virgili
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Meryem Lebbadi
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Pierrisnard
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Audrey Faucher-Genest
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Carl Julien
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
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25
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Gleason LU, Miller LP, Winnikoff JR, Somero GN, Yancey PH, Bratz D, Dowd WW. Thermal history and gape of individual Mytilus californianus correlate with oxidative damage and thermoprotective osmolytes. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4292-4304. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The ability of animals to cope with environmental stress depends – in part – on past experience, yet knowledge of the factors influencing an individual's physiology in nature remains underdeveloped. We used an individual monitoring system to record body temperature and valve gaping behavior of rocky intertidal zone mussels (Mytilus californianus). Thirty individuals were selected from two mussel beds (wave-exposed and wave-protected) that differ in thermal regime. Instrumented mussels were deployed at two intertidal heights (near the lower and upper edges of the mussel zone) and in a continuously submerged tidepool. Following a 23-day monitoring period, measures of oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, antioxidant capacities (catalase activity and peroxyl radical scavenging) and tissue contents of organic osmolytes were obtained from gill tissue of each individual. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that inter-individual variation in cumulative thermal stress is a predominant driver of physiological variation. Thermal history over the outplant period was positively correlated with oxidative DNA damage. Thermal history was also positively correlated with tissue contents of taurine, a thermoprotectant osmolyte, and with activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Origin site differences, possibly indicative of developmental plasticity, were only significant for catalase activity. Gaping behavior was positively correlated with tissue contents of two osmolytes. Overall, these results are some of the first to clearly demonstrate relationships between inter-individual variation in recent experience in the field and inter-individual physiological variation, in this case within mussel beds. Such micro-scale, environmentally mediated physiological differences should be considered in attempts to forecast biological responses to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani U. Gleason
- Loyola Marymount University, Department of Biology, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Luke P. Miller
- San Jose State University, Department of Biological Sciences, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Jacob R. Winnikoff
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - George N. Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Paul H. Yancey
- Whitman College, Biology Department, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - Dylan Bratz
- Whitman College, Biology Department, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - W. Wesley Dowd
- Loyola Marymount University, Department of Biology, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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26
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Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pons L, Busquets O, Olloquequi J, Beas-Zarate C, Pallas M, García ML, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Dexibuprofen prevents neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in APPswe/PS1dE9 through multiple signaling pathways. Redox Biol 2017; 13:345-352. [PMID: 28646794 PMCID: PMC5480981 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to elucidate the neuronal pathways associated to NSAIDs causing a reduction of the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The research was developed administering the active enantiomer of ibuprofen, dexibuprofen (DXI), in order to reduce associated gastric toxicity. DXI was administered from three to six-month-old female APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as a model of familial Alzheimer's disease. DXI treatment reduced the activation of glial cells and the cytokine release involved in the neurodegenerative process, especially TNFα. Moreover, DXI reduced soluble β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) plaque deposition by decreasing APP, BACE1 and facilitating Aβ degradation by enhancing insulin-degrading enzyme. DXI also decreased TAU hyperphosphorylation inhibiting c-Abl/CABLES/p-CDK5 activation signal pathway and prevented spatial learning and memory impairment in transgenic mice. Therefore, chronic DXI treatment could constitute a potential AD-modifying drug, both restoring cognitive functions and reversing multiple brain neuropathological hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut de Neurociencias, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pons
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut de Neurociencias, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Merce Pallas
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neurociencias, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neurociencias, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Bodea L, Evans HT, Van der Jeugd A, Ittner LM, Delerue F, Kril J, Halliday G, Hodges J, Kiernan MC, Götz J. Accelerated aging exacerbates a pre-existing pathology in a tau transgenic mouse model. Aging Cell 2017; 16:377-386. [PMID: 28160413 PMCID: PMC5334525 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a critical factor in the prevalence of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. To observe how an aging phenotype interacts with and affects the pathological intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, the tauopathy mouse model pR5 (expressing P301L mutant human tau) was back‐crossed more than ten times onto a senescence‐accelerated SAMP8 background to establish the new strain, SApT. Unlike SAMP8 mice, pR5 mice are characterized by a robust tau pathology particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus. Analysis of age‐matched SApT mice revealed that pathological tau phosphorylation was increased in these brain regions compared to those in the parental pR5 strain. Moreover, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, phosphorylation of critical tau phospho‐epitopes (P‐Ser202/P‐Ser205 and P‐Ser235) was significantly increased in the amygdala of SApT mice in an age‐dependent manner, suggesting an age‐associated effect of tau phosphorylation. Anxiety tests revealed that the older cohort of SApT mice (10 months vs. 8 months) exhibited a behavioural pattern similar to that observed for age‐matched tau transgenic pR5 mice and not the SAMP8 parental mice. Learning and memory, however, appeared to be governed by the accelerated aging background of the SAMP8 strain, as at both ages investigated, SAMP8 and SApT mice showed a decreased learning capacity compared to pR5 mice. We therefore conclude that accelerated aging exacerbates pathological tau phosphorylation, leading to changes in normal behaviour. These findings further suggest that SApT mice may be a useful novel model in which to study the role of a complex geriatric phenotype in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu‐Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Harrison Tudor Evans
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fabien Delerue
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jillian Kril
- Discipline of Pathology Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John Hodges
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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New potential strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention: pegylated biodegradable dexibuprofen nanospheres administration to APPswe/PS1dE9. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1171-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Zhao L, Zhou C, Li L, Liu J, Shi H, Kan B, Li Z, Li Y, Han J, Yu J. Acupuncture Improves Cerebral Microenvironment in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease Treated with Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5120-5130. [PMID: 27558235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation with neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising clinical therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the final fate of grafted NSCs is mainly determined by the host microenvironment. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Sanjiao acupuncture in the NSCs-treated hippocampus of a mouse model, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) using Western blot, real-time fluorescent PCR, and immunofluorescence techniques. Meanwhile, we developed a co-culture model of hippocampal tissue specimens and NSCs in vitro, to observe the effects of acupuncture on survival, proliferation and differentiation of grafted NSCs using flow cytometry. Results showed that acupuncture pre- and post-NSCs transplantation significantly improved senescence-induced cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.05); upregulated the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (P < 0.05); and also increased the count of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN)- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells (P < 0.05). Therapeutic acupuncture may regulate the cytokine levels associated with survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs in hippocampal microenvironment, to promote the repair of damaged cells, resulting in improved cognitive performance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huiyan Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Bohong Kan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jingxian Han
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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30
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Pistollato F, Ohayon EL, Lam A, Langley GR, Novak TJ, Pamies D, Perry G, Trushina E, Williams RS, Roher AE, Hartung T, Harnad S, Barnard N, Morris MC, Lai MC, Merkley R, Chandrasekera PC. Alzheimer disease research in the 21st century: past and current failures, new perspectives and funding priorities. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38999-39016. [PMID: 27229915 PMCID: PMC5129909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of Alzheimer disease (AD) research has been traditionally based on the use of animals, which have been extensively applied in an effort to both improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and to test novel therapeutic approaches. However, decades of such research have not effectively translated into substantial therapeutic success for human patients. Here we critically discuss these issues in order to determine how existing human-based methods can be applied to study AD pathology and develop novel therapeutics. These methods, which include patient-derived cells, computational analysis and models, together with large-scale epidemiological studies represent novel and exciting tools to enhance and forward AD research. In particular, these methods are helping advance AD research by contributing multifactorial and multidimensional perspectives, especially considering the crucial role played by lifestyle risk factors in the determination of AD risk. In addition to research techniques, we also consider related pitfalls and flaws in the current research funding system. Conversely, we identify encouraging new trends in research and government policy. In light of these new research directions, we provide recommendations regarding prioritization of research funding. The goal of this document is to stimulate scientific and public discussion on the need to explore new avenues in AD research, considering outcome and ethics as core principles to reliably judge traditional research efforts and eventually undertake new research strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elan L. Ohayon
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ann Lam
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gillian R. Langley
- Research and Toxicology Department, Humane Society International, London, UK
| | | | - David Pamies
- CAAT, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Robin S.B. Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Alex E. Roher
- Division of Clinical Education, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- CAAT, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stevan Harnad
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec/Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Neal Barnard
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martha Clare Morris
- Section of Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mei-Chun Lai
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan Merkley
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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31
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Luo J, Wärmländer SKTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams JP. Cross-interactions between the Alzheimer Disease Amyloid-β Peptide and Other Amyloid Proteins: A Further Aspect of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16485-93. [PMID: 27325705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.714576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protein folding diseases are intimately associated with accumulation of amyloid aggregates. The amyloid materials formed by different proteins/peptides share many structural similarities, despite sometimes large amino acid sequence differences. Some amyloid diseases constitute risk factors for others, and the progression of one amyloid disease may affect the progression of another. These connections are arguably related to amyloid aggregates of one protein being able to directly nucleate amyloid formation of another, different protein: the amyloid cross-interaction. Here, we discuss such cross-interactions between the Alzheimer disease amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and other amyloid proteins in the context of what is known from in vitro and in vivo experiments, and of what might be learned from clinical studies. The aim is to clarify potential molecular associations between different amyloid diseases. We argue that the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer disease should be expanded to include cross-interactions between Aβ and other amyloid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Luo
- From the Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Astrid Gräslund
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- the Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, and the Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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32
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Kim E, Ko HJ, Jeon SJ, Lee S, Lee HE, Kim HN, Woo ER, Ryu JH. The memory-enhancing effect of erucic acid on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 142:85-90. [PMID: 26780350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid isolated from the seed of Raphanus sativus L. that is known to normalize the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in the brains of patients suffering from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Here, we investigated whether erucic acid enhanced cognitive function or ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment using the passive avoidance, Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks. Erucic acid (3mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced memory performance in normal naïve mice. In addition, erucic acid (3mg/kg, p.o.) ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment, as assessed via the behavioral tasks. We then investigated the underlying mechanism of the memory-enhancing effect of erucic acid. The administration of erucic acid increased the phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and additional protein kinase B (Akt) in the hippocampus. These results suggest that erucic acid has an ameliorative effect in mice with scopolamine-induced memory deficits and that the effect of erucic acid is partially due to the activation of PI3K-PKCζ-ERK-CREB signaling as well as an increase in phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus. Therefore, erucic acid may be a novel therapeutic agent for diseases associated with cognitive deficits, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ju Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neul Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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