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Duranti E, Villa C. From Brain to Muscle: The Role of Muscle Tissue in Neurodegenerative Disorders. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:719. [PMID: 39336146 PMCID: PMC11428675 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily affect the central nervous system, leading to progressive neuronal loss and motor and cognitive dysfunction. However, recent studies have revealed that muscle tissue also plays a significant role in these diseases. ALS is characterized by severe muscle wasting as a result of motor neuron degeneration, as well as alterations in gene expression, protein aggregation, and oxidative stress. Muscle atrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction are also observed in AD, which may exacerbate cognitive decline due to systemic metabolic dysregulation. PD patients exhibit muscle fiber atrophy, altered muscle composition, and α-synuclein aggregation within muscle cells, contributing to motor symptoms and disease progression. Systemic inflammation and impaired protein degradation pathways are common among these disorders, highlighting muscle tissue as a key player in disease progression. Understanding these muscle-related changes offers potential therapeutic avenues, such as targeting mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation, and promoting muscle regeneration with exercise and pharmacological interventions. This review emphasizes the importance of considering an integrative approach to neurodegenerative disease research, considering both central and peripheral pathological mechanisms, in order to develop more effective treatments and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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2
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Shen M, Shen Z, Yang G, Tian X, Zhao H, Wang W, Yang H. The Differences on the Fatty Infiltration of Paraspinal Muscles between Single- and Multiple-level Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1999-2010. [PMID: 38952024 PMCID: PMC11293918 DOI: 10.1111/os.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple-level Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is related to postoperative re-herniation and low back pain. Although many investigators believed that there is an interdependence between paraspinal muscles degeneration and IDD, few studies focused on the fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles on single- and multiple-level IDD in patients with LDH. This study aims to investigate the difference on the fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles between single- and multiple-levels IDD in patients with LDH. and to explore in patients with LDH whether fatty infiltration is a potential risk factor for multiple-level IDD. METHODS This study was conducted as a retrospective observational analysis of 82 patients with LDH from January 1, 2020 to December 30, 2020 in our hospital were enrolled. Twenty-seven cases had single-level IDD (Group A), and 55 cases had multiple-level IDD (Group B). We measured the mean computed tomography (CT) density value of the paraspinal muscles, including multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES) and psoas muscle (PM) at each disc from L1 to S1. Subgroups were set to further analyze the odds ratio (OR) of fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles in different sex and BMI groups. We measured sagittal angles and analyzed the relationships between these angles and IDD. Finally, we use logistic regression, adjusted for other confounding factors, to investigate whether fatty infiltration is an independent risk factor for multi-level IDD. RESULTS The average age in multi-level IDD (51.40 ± 15.47 years) was significantly higher than single-level IDD (33.37 ± 7.10 years). The mean CT density value of MF, ES and PM in single-level IDD was significantly higher than multi-level IDD (all ps < 0.001). There was no significant difference of the mean value of angles between the two groups. No matter being fat (body mass index [BMI] > 24.0 kg/m2) or normal, patients with low mean muscle CT density value of MF and ES are significantly easier to suffer from multiple-level IDD. In the pure model, the average CT density value of the MF, ES and PM is all significantly associated with the occurrence of multi-IDD. However, after adjusting for various confounding factors, only the OR of the average CT density value for MF and ES remains statistically significant (OR = 0.810, 0.834, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with LDH, patients with multiple-level IDD have more severe fatty infiltration of MF and ES than those with single-level IDD. Fatty infiltration of MF and ES are independent risk factors for multiple-level IDD in LDH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhijia Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hongcheng Zhao
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Wang Q, Cui C, Zhang N, Lin W, Chai S, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Hu Y, Law SW, Cheung WH. Effects of physical exercise on neuromuscular junction degeneration during ageing: A systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2024; 46:91-102. [PMID: 38817243 PMCID: PMC11137388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized chemical synapse that converts neural impulses into muscle action. Age-associated NMJ degeneration, which involves nerve terminal and postsynaptic decline, denervation, and loss of motor units, significantly contributes to muscle weakness and dysfunction. Although physical training has been shown to make substantial modifications in NMJ of both young and aged animals, the results are often influenced by methodological variables in existing studies. Moreover, there is still lack of strong consensus on the specific effects of exercise on improving the morphology and function of the ageing NMJ. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to elucidate the effects of exercise training on NMJ compartments in the elderly. We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, employing relevant keywords. Two independent reviewers selected studies that detailed NMJ changes during exercise in ageing, written in English, and available in full text. In total, 20 papers were included. We examined the altered adaptation of the NMJ to exercise, focusing on presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and myofibers in older animals or humans. Our findings indicated that aged NMJs exhibited different adaptive responses to physical exercise compared to younger counterparts. Endurance training, compared with resistance and voluntary exercise regimens, was found to have a more pronounced effect on NMJ structural remodeling, particularly in fast twitch muscle fibers. Physical exercise was observed to promote the formation and maintenance of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters by increasing the recombinant docking protein 7 (Dok7) expression and stabilizing Agrin and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4). These insights suggest that research on exercise-related therapies could potentially attenuate the progression of neuromuscular degeneration. Translational potential of this article: This systematic review provides a detailed overview of the effects of different types of physical exercise on improving NMJ in the elderly, providing scientific support for the timely intervention of muscle degeneration in the elderly by physical exercise, and providing help for the development of new therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Can Cui
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Senlin Chai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sheung Wai Law
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Zhong R, Rua MT, Wei-LaPierre L. Targeting mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2024; 602:1519-1549. [PMID: 38010626 PMCID: PMC11032238 DOI: 10.1113/jp284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss, muscle denervation and paralysis. Over the past several decades, researchers have made tremendous efforts to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning ALS, with much yet to be resolved. ALS is described as a non-cell autonomous condition with pathology detected in both MNs and non-neuronal cells, such as glial cells and skeletal muscle. Studies in ALS patient and animal models reveal ubiquitous abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function, and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis in various tissue types, suggesting a pivotal role of aberrant mitochondrial calcium uptake and dysfunctional calcium signalling cascades in ALS pathogenesis. Calcium signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are intricately related to the manifestation of cell death contributing to MN loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of intracellular calcium signalling, particularly mitochondrial calcium uptake, in ALS pathogenesis. Functional consequences of excessive mitochondrial calcium uptake and possible therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial calcium uptake or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, the main channel mediating mitochondrial calcium influx, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Zhong
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110001
| | - Michael T. Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Yamaguchi T, Kouzaki K, Sasaki K, Nakazato K. Alterations in neuromuscular junction morphology with ageing and endurance training modulate neuromuscular transmission and myofibre composition. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38173183 DOI: 10.1113/jp285143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Both ageing and exercise training affect the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure. Morphological alterations in the NMJ have been considered to influence neuromuscular transmission and myofibre properties, but the direct link between the morphology and function has yet to be established. We measured the neuromuscular transmission, myofibre composition and NMJ structure of 5-month-old (young) and 24-month-old untrained (aged control) and trained (aged trained) mice. Aged trained mice were subjected to 2 months of endurance training before the measurement. Neuromuscular transmission was evaluated in vivo as the ratio of ankle plantar flexion torque evoked by the sciatic nerve stimulation to that by direct muscle stimulation. The torque ratio was significantly lower in aged mice than in young and aged trained mice at high-frequency stimulations, showing a significant positive correlation with voluntary grip strength. The degree of pre- to post-synaptic overlap of the NMJ was also significantly lower in aged mice and positively correlated with the torque ratio. We also found that the proportion of fast-twitch fibres in the soleus muscle decreased with age, and that age-related denervation occurred preferentially in fast-twitch fibres. Age-related denervation and a shift in myofibre composition were partially prevented by endurance training. These results suggest that age-related deterioration of the NMJ structure impairs neuromuscular transmission and alters myofibre composition, but these alterations can be prevented by structural amelioration of NMJ with endurance training. Our findings highlight the importance of the NMJ as a major determinant of age-related deterioration of skeletal muscles and the clinical significance of endurance training as a countermeasure. KEY POINTS: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) plays an essential role in neuromuscular transmission and the maintenance of myofibre properties. We show that neuromuscular transmission is impaired with ageing but recovered by endurance training, which contributes to alterations in voluntary strength. Neuromuscular transmission is associated with the degree of pre- to post-synaptic overlap of the NMJ. Age-related denervation of fast-twitch fibres and a shift in myofibre composition toward a slower phenotype are partially prevented by endurance training. Our study provides substantial evidence that age-related and exercise-induced alterations in neuromuscular transmission and myofibre properties are associated with morphological changes in the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Granic A, Suetterlin K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds M, Sayer A. Hallmarks of ageing in human skeletal muscle and implications for understanding the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in women and men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1721-1751. [PMID: 37986616 PMCID: PMC10665130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nine classic, interdependent hallmarks of ageing have been proposed involving genetic and biochemical pathways that collectively influence ageing trajectories and susceptibility to pathology in humans. Ageing skeletal muscle undergoes profound morphological and physiological changes associated with loss of strength, mass, and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. The aetiology of sarcopenia is complex and whilst research in this area is growing rapidly, there is a relative paucity of human studies, particularly in older women. Here, we evaluate how the nine classic hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication contribute to skeletal muscle ageing and the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We also highlight five novel hallmarks of particular significance to skeletal muscle ageing: inflammation, neural dysfunction, extracellular matrix dysfunction, reduced vascular perfusion, and ionic dyshomeostasis, and discuss how the classic and novel hallmarks are interconnected. Their clinical relevance and translational potential are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Karen Suetterlin
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
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Duranti E, Villa C. Muscle Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Advancing Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1582. [PMID: 38002264 PMCID: PMC10669302 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Muscle involvement, muscle atrophy, and subsequent paralysis are among the main features of this disease, which is defined as a neuromuscular disorder. ALS is a persistently progressive disease, and as motor neurons continue to degenerate, individuals with ALS experience a gradual decline in their ability to perform daily activities. Ultimately, muscle function loss may result in paralysis, presenting significant challenges in mobility, communication, and self-care. While the majority of ALS research has traditionally focused on pathogenic pathways in the central nervous system, there has been a great interest in muscle research. These studies were carried out on patients and animal models in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop therapies aimed at improving muscle function. This review summarizes the features of ALS and discusses the role of muscle, as well as examines recent studies in the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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Agostini D, Gervasi M, Ferrini F, Bartolacci A, Stranieri A, Piccoli G, Barbieri E, Sestili P, Patti A, Stocchi V, Donati Zeppa S. An Integrated Approach to Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081802. [PMID: 37111021 PMCID: PMC10141535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in muscle mass and function represents one of the most problematic changes associated with aging, and has dramatic effects on autonomy and quality of life. Several factors contribute to the inexorable process of sarcopenia, such as mitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction, and the lack of regeneration capacity of satellite cells. The physiologic decline in muscle mass and in motoneuron functionality associated with aging is exacerbated by the sedentary lifestyle that accompanies elderly people. Regular physical activity is beneficial to most people, but the elderly need well-designed and carefully administered training programs that improve muscle mass and, consequently, both functional ability and quality of life. Aging also causes alteration in the gut microbiota composition associated with sarcopenia, and some advances in research have elucidated that interventions via the gut microbiota-muscle axis have the potential to ameliorate the sarcopenic phenotype. Several mechanisms are involved in vitamin D muscle atrophy protection, as demonstrated by the decreased muscular function related to vitamin D deficiency. Malnutrition, chronic inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, and an imbalance in the muscle-gut axis are just a few of the factors that can lead to sarcopenia. Supplementing the diet with antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, proteins, kefir, and short-chain fatty acids could be potential nutritional therapies against sarcopenia. Finally, a personalized integrated strategy to counteract sarcopenia and maintain the health of skeletal muscles is suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stranieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science for Promotion of Quality of Life, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Use of a novel technique to assess impact of age-related denervation on mouse soleus muscle function. Biogerontology 2023; 24:377-390. [PMID: 36790689 PMCID: PMC10147802 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Denervation contributes to loss of force-generating capacity in aged skeletal muscles, but problems with quantification of denervated fibers mean the precise impact of denervation on muscle function remains unclear. This study therefore looked to develop a reliable assay for identifying denervated muscle fibers, and used this to explore the impact of denervation on age-related force-generation in mouse skeletal muscle. Thirteen young (6-month-old) and 10 old (24-months-old) C57Bl/6 J female mice were utilized. Anaesthetized mice were infused with the fluorescent deoxyglucose analog 2[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,2-diaxol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and the tibial nerve was repeatedly stimulated to label active skeletal muscle fibers by activity-dependent uptake of 2-NBDG. Data on muscle force generation were acquired as part of the stimulation routine. Labeled muscles were removed, snap frozen, sectioned, and slide mounted. Sections were imaged to show accumulation of 2-NBDG in activated fibers and lack of 2-NBDG accumulation in quiescent (denervated) fibers, then processed using immunohistochemistry to allow collection of data on fiber number and morphology. Soleus muscles from older mice had nine times as many denervated fibers as those from young mice (average n = 36 vs 4, old vs young). Older muscles developed significantly more passive force and less specific force, but denervation only partly accounted for age-related deficits in specific force. Further investigations are required to definitively identify contributors to the decrease in force generation that remain unaccounted for.
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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11
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Yuenyongchaiwat K, Akekawatchai C. Systemic Inflammation in Sarcopenia Alter Functional Capacity in Thai Community-dwelling Older People: A Preliminary Observational Study. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:274-281. [PMID: 35570546 PMCID: PMC9720880 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220513141300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is linked to the loss of muscle mass in older adults, leading to impaired functional capacity and quality of life. In addition, this finding was recognized as an agerelated chronic inflammatory process. We aimed to determine the relationship between sarcopenia, functional capacity, and inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent prediction of inflammatory biomarkers in older adults. METHODS A total of 126 women and men aged ≥ 60 years were enrolled. Participants were required to complete a handgrip dynamometer, 6-meter walk test, and bioimpedance analysis. Diagnosis was based on the definition of sarcopenia from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Prior to performing a 6-minute walking test (i.e., functional capacity testing), blood samples were drawn for a C-reactive protein (CRP) test. RESULTS A total of 12.70% were categorized as having sarcopenia. Significant differences in CRP and functional capacity between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups were found (p <.05). Older people with high CRP levels had significantly reduced functional capacity and slow gait speed. CONCLUSIONS Poor functional capacity was associated with increased CRP levels, which might be due to the development of age-related inflammation. Older patients with sarcopenia may be at higher risk for functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 12120, Thailand
- Research Unit for Physical Therapy in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chareeporn Akekawatchai
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
- Research Unit in Diagnostic Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases Related to Cancer (DMB-CDC), Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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12
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Tarantino N, Canfora I, Camerino GM, Pierno S. Therapeutic Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Focus on Ion Channels and Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030415. [PMID: 35159225 PMCID: PMC8834084 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease caused by progressive loss of motor neurons, which severely compromises skeletal muscle function. Evidence shows that muscle may act as a molecular powerhouse, whose final signals generate in patients a progressive loss of voluntary muscle function and weakness leading to paralysis. This pathology is the result of a complex cascade of events that involves a crosstalk among motor neurons, glia, and muscles, and evolves through the action of converging toxic mechanisms. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to oxidative stress, is one of the mechanisms causing cell death. It is a common denominator for the two existing forms of the disease: sporadic and familial. Other factors include excitotoxicity, inflammation, and protein aggregation. Currently, there are limited cures. The only approved drug for therapy is riluzole, that modestly prolongs survival, with edaravone now waiting for new clinical trial aimed to clarify its efficacy. Thus, there is a need of effective treatments to reverse the damage in this devastating pathology. Many drugs have been already tested in clinical trials and are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the already tested drugs aimed at restoring muscle-nerve cross-talk and on new treatment options targeting this tissue.
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13
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Pratt J, De Vito G, Narici M, Boreham C. Neuromuscular Junction Aging: A Role for Biomarkers and Exercise. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:576-585. [PMID: 32832976 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle degradation known as "sarcopenia" exerts considerable strain on public health systems globally. While the pathogenesis of such atrophy is undoubtedly multifactorial, disruption at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has recently gained traction as a key explanatory factor. The NMJ, an essential communicatory link between nerve and muscle, undergoes profound changes with advancing age. Ascertaining whether such changes potentiate the onset of sarcopenia would be paramount in facilitating a timely implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies. Hence, there is a growing level of importance to further substantiate the effects of age on NMJs, in parallel with developing measures to attenuate such changes. As such, this review aimed to establish the current standpoint on age-related NMJ deterioration and consequences for skeletal muscle, while illuminating a role for biomarkers and exercise in ameliorating these alterations. Recent insights into the importance of key biomarkers for NMJ stability are provided, while the stimulative benefits of exercise in preserving NMJ function are demonstrated. Further elucidation of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of biomarkers, coupled with the therapeutic benefits of regular exercise may be crucial in combating age-related NMJ and skeletal muscle degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland.,Genuity Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
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14
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The Neuromuscular Junction: Roles in Aging and Neuromuscular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158058. [PMID: 34360831 PMCID: PMC8347593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse that bridges the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber and is crucial for conversion of electrical impulses originating in the motor neuron to action potentials in the muscle fiber. The consideration of contributing factors to skeletal muscle injury, muscular dystrophy and sarcopenia cannot be restricted only to processes intrinsic to the muscle, as data show that these conditions incur denervation-like findings, such as fragmented NMJ morphology and corresponding functional changes in neuromuscular transmission. Primary defects in the NMJ also influence functional loss in motor neuron disease, congenital myasthenic syndromes and myasthenia gravis, resulting in skeletal muscle weakness and heightened fatigue. Such findings underscore the role that the NMJ plays in neuromuscular performance. Regardless of cause or effect, functional denervation is now an accepted consequence of sarcopenia and muscle disease. In this short review, we provide an overview of the pathologic etiology, symptoms, and therapeutic strategies related to the NMJ. In particular, we examine the role of the NMJ as a disease modifier and a potential therapeutic target in neuromuscular injury and disease.
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15
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Soendenbroe C, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Muscle-nerve communication and the molecular assessment of human skeletal muscle denervation with aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C317-C329. [PMID: 34161153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber denervation is a major contributor to the decline in physical function observed with aging. Denervation can occur through breakdown of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) itself, affecting only that particular fiber, or through the death of a motor neuron, which can lead to a loss of all the muscle fibers in that motor unit. In this review, we discuss the muscle-nerve relationship, where signaling from both the motor neuron and the muscle fiber is required for maximal preservation of neuromuscular function in old age. Physical activity is likely to be the most important single factor that can contribute to this preservation. Furthermore, we propose that inactivity is not an innocent bystander, but plays an active role in denervation through the production of signals hostile to neuron survival. Investigating denervation in human muscle tissue samples is challenging due to the shared protein profile of regenerating and denervated muscle fibers. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the key traits observed in immunohistochemical preparations of muscle biopsies from healthy, young, and elderly individuals. Overall, a combination of assessing tissue samples, circulating biomarkers, and electrophysiological assessments in humans will prove fruitful in the quest to gain more understanding of denervation of skeletal muscle. In addition, cell culture models represent a valuable tool in the search for key signaling factors exchanged between muscle and nerve, and which exercise has the capacity to alter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Age-dependent changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling in skeletal muscle. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111338. [PMID: 33862137 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are conducted through myofibers and into nuclei to regulate muscle development, hypertrophy, and homeostasis. We hypothesized that nuclei in aged muscle have changes in the nuclear envelope and associated proteins, resulting in altered markers of mechano-signaling. METHODS YAP/TAZ protein expression and gene expression of downstream targets, Ankrd1 and Cyr61, were evaluated as mechanotransduction indicators. Expression of proteins in the nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complex (NPC) were assessed, and nuclear morphology was characterized by electron microscopy. Nuclear envelope permeability was assessed by uptake of 70 kDa fluorescent dextran. RESULTS Nuclear changes with aging included a relative decrease of lamin β1 and Nup107, and a relative increase in Nup93, which could underlie the aberrant nuclear morphology, increased nuclear leakiness, and elevated YAP/TAZ signaling. CONCLUSION Aged muscles have hyperactive nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling, indicative of altered nuclear mechanotransduction. These data highlight a possible role for the nucleus in aging-related aberrant mechano-sensing.
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17
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Momenzadeh S, Zamani S, Dehghan F, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Comparative proteome analyses highlight several exercise-like responses of mouse sciatic nerve after IP injection of irisin. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3263-3278. [PMID: 33759230 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial effects of exercise on the nervous system are mediated by hormone (growth factor)/receptor signaling. Considering the accumulating evidence on the similarity of some beneficial effects, irisin can be a proposed effector of exercise; however, the mechanism underlying these effects remains largely unknown. More evidence on the mechanism of action might reveal its potential as a treatment strategy to substitute exercise recovery protocols for nerve injuries in physically disabled patients. To evaluate the underlying mechanism of irisin involvement in nerve adaptation and exerting beneficial effects, we studied the proteome profile alteration of mouse sciatic nerve after irisin administration. We also compared it with two 8-week protocols of resistance exercise and endurance exercise. The results indicate that irisin contributes to the regulation of nerve metabolism via overexpression of Ckm and ATP5j2 proteins. Irisin administration may improve sciatic nerve function by maintaining the architecture, enhancing axonal transport, and promoting synapse plasticity through increased structural and regulatory proteins and NO production. We also showed that irisin has the potential to induce neurotrophic support on the sciatic nerve by maintaining cell redox homeostasis, and responses to oxidative stress via the upregulation of disulfide-isomerase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Comparing with exercise groups, these effects are somewhat exercise-like responses. These data suggest that irisin can be a promising therapeutic candidate for specific targeting of defects in peripheral neuropathies and nerve injuries as an alternative for physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariba Dehghan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- 5 INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Scaricamazza S, Salvatori I, Ferri A, Valle C. Skeletal Muscle in ALS: An Unappreciated Therapeutic Opportunity? Cells 2021; 10:525. [PMID: 33801336 PMCID: PMC8000428 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and by the progressive weakness and paralysis of voluntary muscles. Despite intense research efforts and numerous clinical trials, it is still an incurable disease. ALS had long been considered a pure motor neuron disease; however, recent studies have shown that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to prevent the course of the disease since the dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions occurs before motor neuron degeneration. Skeletal muscle alterations have been described in the early stages of the disease, and they seem to be mainly involved in the "dying back" phenomenon of motor neurons and metabolic dysfunctions. In recent years, skeletal muscles have been considered crucial not only for the etiology of ALS but also for its treatment. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that targeted skeletal muscles and discuss the different approaches, including pharmacological interventions, supplements or diets, genetic modifications, and training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scaricamazza
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (I.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (I.S.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
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19
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Gioscia-Ryan RA, Clayton ZS, Fleenor BS, Eng JS, Johnson LC, Rossman MJ, Zigler MC, Evans TD, Seals DR. Late-life voluntary wheel running reverses age-related aortic stiffness in mice: a translational model for studying mechanisms of exercise-mediated arterial de-stiffening. GeroScience 2020; 43:423-432. [PMID: 32529594 PMCID: PMC8050175 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffening, assessed as pulse-wave velocity (PWV), increases with age and is an important antecedent to, and independent predictor of, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other clinical disorders of aging. Aerobic exercise promotes lower levels of aortic stiffness in older adults, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, largely due to inherent challenges of mechanistic studies of large elastic arteries in humans. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) is distinct among experimental animal exercise paradigms in that it allows investigation of the physiologic effects of aerobic training without potential confounding influences of aversive molecular signaling related to forced exercise. In this study, we investigated whether VWR in mice may be a suitable model for mechanistic studies (i.e., "reverse translation") of the beneficial effects of exercise on arterial stiffness in humans. We found that 10 weeks of VWR in old mice (~ 28 months) reversed age-related elevations in aortic PWV assessed in vivo (Old VWR: 369 ± 19 vs. old sedentary: 439 ± 20 cm/s, P < 0.05). The de-stiffening effects of VWR were accompanied by normalization of age-related increases in ex vivo mechanical stiffness of aortic segments and aortic accumulation of collagen-I and advanced glycation end products, as well as lower levels of aortic superoxide and nitrotyrosine. Our results suggest that late-life VWR in mice recapitulates the aortic de-stiffening effects of exercise in humans and indicates important mechanistic roles for decreased oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, VWR is a suitable model for further study of the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of exercise on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | | | - Jason S. Eng
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Lawrence C. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Trent D. Evans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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20
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Gillon A, Steel C, Cornwall J, Sheard P. Increased nuclear permeability is a driver for age-related motoneuron loss. GeroScience 2020; 42:833-847. [PMID: 32002784 PMCID: PMC7286994 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass with age, the precise cause of which remains unclear. Several studies have shown that sarcopenia is at least partly driven by denervation which, in turn, is related to loss of motor nerve cells. Recent data suggests degradation of the nucleocytoplasmic barrier and nuclear envelope transport process are contributors to nerve loss in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Having recently shown that important components of the nuclear barrier are lost with advancing age, we now ask whether these emergent defects accompany increased nuclear permeability, chromatin disorganization and lower motoneuron loss in normal ageing, and if so, whether exercise attenuates these changes. Immunohistochemistry was used on young adult, old and exercised mouse tissues to examine nucleocytoplasmic transport regulatory proteins and chromatin organization. We used a nuclear permeability assay to investigate the patency of the nuclear barrier on extracts of the spinal cord from each group. We found increased permeability in nuclei isolated from spinal cords of old animals that correlated with both mislocalization of essential nuclear transport proteins and chromatin disorganization, and also found that in each case, exercise attenuated the age-associated changes. Findings suggest that the loss of nuclear barrier integrity in combination with previously described defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport may drive increased nuclear permeability and contribute to age-related motoneuron death. These events may be significant indirect drivers of skeletal muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gillon
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Steel
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jon Cornwall
- Centre for Early Learning in Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip Sheard
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Molecular changes in transcription and metabolic pathways underlying muscle atrophy in the CuZnSOD null mouse model of sarcopenia. GeroScience 2020; 42:1101-1118. [PMID: 32394347 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the superoxide anion scavenger CuZn superoxide dismutase (Sod1-/- mice) develop a number of age-related phenotypes, including an early progression of muscle atrophy and weakness (sarcopenia) associated with loss of innervation. The purpose of this study was to delineate the early development of sarcopenia in the Sod1-/- mice and to measure changes in the muscle transcriptome, proteome, and eicosanoid profile at the stage when sarcopenia is markedly induced in this model (7-9 months of age). We found a strong correlation between muscle atrophy and mitochondrial state 1 hydroperoxide production, which was 40% higher in isolated mitochondria from Sod1-/- mouse gastrocnemius muscle by 2 months of age. The primary pathways showing altered gene expression in Sod1-/- mice identified by RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis are protein ubiquitination, synaptic long-term potentiation, calcium signaling, phospholipase C signaling, AMPK, and TWEAK signaling. Targeted proteomics shows elevated expression of mitochondrial proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, and antioxidants, while enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are downregulated in Sod1-/- mice. LC-MS analysis of lipids in gastrocnemius muscle detected 78 eicosanoids, of which 31 are significantly elevated in muscle from Sod1-/- mice. These data suggest that mitochondrial hydroperoxide generation is elevated prior to muscle atrophy and may be a potential driving factor of changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and eicosanoid profile of the Sod1-/- mice. Together, these analyses revealed important molecular events that occur during muscle atrophy, which will pave the way for future studies using new approaches to treat sarcopenia.
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22
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Piekarz KM, Bhaskaran S, Sataranatarajan K, Street K, Premkumar P, Saunders D, Zalles M, Gulej R, Khademi S, Laurin J, Peelor R, Miller BF, Towner R, Van Remmen H. Molecular changes associated with spinal cord aging. GeroScience 2020; 42:765-784. [PMID: 32144690 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is a universal problem in the elderly. Our previous studies indicate that alpha motor neurons (α-MNs) play a critical role in this process. The goal of the current study is to uncover changes in the aging spinal cord that contribute to loss of innervation and the downstream degenerative processes that occur in skeletal muscle. The number of α-MNs is decreased in the spinal cord of wildtype mice during aging, beginning in middle age and reaching a 41% loss by 27 months of age. There is evidence for age-related loss of myelin and mild inflammation, including astrocyte and microglia activation and an increase in levels of sICAM-1. We identified changes in metabolites consistent with compromised neuronal viability, such as reduced levels of N-acetyl-aspartate. Cleaved caspase-3 is more abundant in spinal cord from old mice, suggesting that apoptosis contributes to neuronal loss. RNA-seq analysis revealed changes in the expression of a number of genes in spinal cord from old mice, in particular genes encoding extracellular matrix components (ECM) and a 172-fold increase in MMP-12 expression. Furthermore, blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability is increased in old mice, which may contribute to alterations in spinal cord homeostasis and exacerbate neuronal distress. Together, these data show for the first time that the spinal cord undergoes significant changes during aging, including progressive α-MNs loss that is associated with low-grade inflammation, apoptosis, changes in ECM, myelination, and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Street
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shadi Khademi
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jaime Laurin
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rick Peelor
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rheal Towner
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA. .,Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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23
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Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Chirosa I, Chirosa LJ, Guisado R, Ochoa JJ. Beneficial Effect of Ubiquinol on Hematological and Inflammatory Signaling during Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020424. [PMID: 32041223 PMCID: PMC7071169 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise (any activity that expends six metabolic equivalents per minute or more causing sensations of fatigue and exhaustion to occur, inducing deleterious effects, affecting negatively different cells), induces muscle damage and hematological changes associated with high production of pro-inflammatory mediators related to muscle damage and sports anemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term oral ubiquinol supplementation can prevent accumulation of inflammatory mediators and hematological impairment associated to strenuous exercise. For this purpose, 100 healthy and well-trained firemen were classified in two groups: Ubiquinol (experimental group), and placebo group (control). The protocol was two identical strenuous exercise tests with rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (T2), after first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after second physical exercise test (T5). Hematological parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were measured. Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, VEGF, NO, EGF, IL-1ra, and IL-10 increased in the ubiquinol group while IL-1, IL-8, and MCP-1 decreased. Ubiquinol supplementation during high intensity exercise could modulate inflammatory signaling, expression of pro-inflammatory, and increasing some anti-inflammatory cytokines. During exercise, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, VEGF, and EGF increased in ubiquinol group, revealing a possible pro-angiogenic effect, improving oxygen supply and exerting a possible protective effect on other physiological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-24-10-00 (ext. 20303)
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Chirosa
- Departament of Physical Education, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (I.C.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa
- Departament of Physical Education, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (I.C.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Rafael Guisado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Csiszar A, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari A, Ungvari Z, Tarantini S. Overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria improves neurovascular coupling responses in aged mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:609-617. [PMID: 31643012 PMCID: PMC6885076 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moment-to-moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to neuronal activity via the homeostatic mechanism known as neurovascular coupling (NVC) has an essential role in maintenance of normal brain function. In advanced age cerebromicrovascular endothelial dysfunction impairs NVC responses, which contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Recently, we have shown that pharmacological treatments that attenuate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provide significant neurovascular protection, improving NVC responses in aged mice. Transgenic mice that overexpress human catalase localized to the mitochondria (mCAT) are protected from age-related mitochondrial oxidative stress and exhibit a longevity phenotype associated with resistance to several age-related pathologies. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that mitochondria-targeted overexpression of catalase also confers protection against age-related impairment of NVC responses. To achieve this goal, NVC responses were assessed in aged (24 months old) mCAT mice and compared with those in age-matched wild-type mice and young control mice by measuring CBF responses (laser speckle contrast imaging) evoked by contralateral whisker stimulation. We found that mitochondrial overexpression of catalase resulted in improved NVC in aged mice due to preserved NO-mediated (L-NAME inhibitable) component of the response. Thus, our present and previous findings demonstrate that interventions that boost mitochondrial antioxidative defenses confer significant cerebromicrovascular protective effects, which preserve NVC responses in aged mice. Our findings provide additional proof-of-concept for the potential use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as therapy for prevention of vascular cognitive impairment associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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