1
|
Solsona R, Dériaz R, Albert S, Chamoux M, Lloria-Varella J, Borrani F, Sanchez AMJ. Impact of systemic hypoxia and blood flow restriction on mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and neuromuscular responses to a multiple-set repeated sprint exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1339284. [PMID: 38357500 PMCID: PMC10864669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1339284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Repeated sprint cycling exercises (RSE) performed under systemic normobaric hypoxia (HYP) or with blood flow restriction (BFR) are of growing interest. To the best of our knowledge, there is no stringent consensus on the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses between systemic HYP and BFR during RSE. Thus, this study assessed cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses to multiple sets of RSE under HYP or with BFR. Methods: According to a crossover design, fifteen men completed RSE (three sets of five 10-s sprints with 20 s of recovery) in normoxia (NOR), HYP, and with bilaterally-cuffed BFR at 45% of resting arterial occlusive pressure during sets in NOR. Power output, cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses were assessed. Results: Average peak and mean powers were lower in BFR (dz = 0.87 and dz = 1.23, respectively) and HYP (dz = 0.65 and dz = 1.21, respectively) compared to NOR (p < 0.001). The percentage decrement of power output was greater in BFR (dz = 0.94) and HYP (dz = 0.64) compared to NOR (p < 0.001), as well as in BFR compared to NOR (p = 0.037, dz = 0.30). The percentage decrease of maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensors after the session was greater in BFR compared to NOR and HYP (p = 0.011, dz = 0.78 and p = 0.027, dz = 0.75, respectively). Accumulated ventilation during exercise was higher in HYP and lower in BFR (p = 0.002, dz = 0.51, and p < 0.001, dz = 0.71, respectively). Peak oxygen consumption was reduced in HYP (p < 0.001, dz = 1.47). Heart rate was lower in BFR during exercise and recovery (p < 0.001, dz = 0.82 and p = 0.012, dz = 0.43, respectively). Finally, aerobic contribution was reduced in HYP compared to NOR (p = 0.002, dz = 0.46) and BFR (p = 0.005, dz = 0.33). Discussion: Thus, this study indicates that power output during RSE is impaired in HYP and BFR and that BFR amplifies neuromuscular fatigue. In contrast, HYP did not impair neuromuscular function but enhanced the ventilatory response along with reduced oxygen consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Roméo Dériaz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Simon Albert
- University of Rennes, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Chamoux
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Jaume Lloria-Varella
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony M. J. Sanchez
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aguer C, Snigdha S, Sparks LM. Editorial: Exercise intervention for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1320101. [PMID: 37936578 PMCID: PMC10627191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Aguer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University—Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Smiti Snigdha
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manaye S, Cheran K, Murthy C, Bornemann EA, Kamma HK, Alabbas M, Elashahab M, Abid N, Arcia Franchini AP. The Role of High-intensity and High-impact Exercises in Improving Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e34644. [PMID: 36895528 PMCID: PMC9990535 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic condition with decreased bone mass and altered bone structure, leading to a greater risk of fractures among older women. Exercise has been proposed as a potentially effective non-pharmacological method to prevent this condition. In this systematic review, we investigate the effects and safety of high-impact and high-intensity exercises in improving bone density at popular sites of fragility fractures, namely, the hip and spine. This review also highlights the mechanism of these exercises in improving bone density and other aspects of bone health in postmenopausal women. This study is done adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After applying the eligibility criteria, we selected 10 articles from PubMed and Google Scholar to be included in our study. Based on the findings from the studies, we established that high-intensity and high-impact exercises are effective in improving, or at the very least maintaining, bone density in the lumbar spine and femur in postmenopausal women. An exercise protocol including high-intensity resistance exercises and high-impact training is shown to be most effective in improving bone density and other parameters of bone health. These exercises were found to be safe in older women, however, careful supervision is recommended. All limitations considered, high-intensity and high-impact exercises are an effective strategy to enhance bone density, and potentially reduce the burden of fragility as well as compression fractures in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kaaviya Cheran
- Department of General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chinmayee Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Elisa A Bornemann
- Department of Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hari Krishna Kamma
- Department of Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammad Alabbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN.,Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammad Elashahab
- Department of Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Naushad Abid
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa, SAU.,Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ana P Arcia Franchini
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong J, Byun J, Choi JO, Shim D, Rha DW. The Effects of Wearing Facemasks during Vigorous Exercise in the Aspect of Cardiopulmonary Response, In-Mask Environment, and Subject Discomfort. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192114106. [PMID: 36360983 PMCID: PMC9656209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical intervention such as wearing a mask during the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important ways to prevent the spread of the virus. However, despite high effectiveness and easy to access, the biggest problem is 'discomfort'. The purpose of this study was to measure the changes of cardiopulmonary response and related factors affecting breathing discomfort when wearing a mask during vigorous exercise. Fifteen healthy male adults participated in this study. The experimental protocol consisted of three conditions: no mask; KF-94 mask; and sports mask. Each condition consisted of three stages: stage I, 2 m/s on even level; stage II, 2 m/s with 5° inclination; and stage III, 3 m/s on even level. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rate (HR), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), energy expenditure index (EEI), in-mask temperature, humidity, and a five-point scale questionnaire to evaluate subjective discomfort were measured. The results show that there was a significantly higher discomfort score in mask conditions compared with no mask (p < 0.05) and only pCO2 change significantly related to subjective discomfort during exercise (p < 0.05). Moreover, the pCO2 washout was significantly disturbed when wearing a sports mask in stages 2 and 3, which was related to wearer subjective discomfort.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohr M, Brito J, de Sousa M, Pettersen SA. Executive summary: Elite women's football-Performance, recovery, diet, and health. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32 Suppl 1:3-6. [PMID: 35253945 PMCID: PMC9310862 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present special issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports focuses on performance, recovery, diet, and health in elite women’s football. Beside this summary, an editorial, topic reviews, and original articles written by several of the most published authors in football research are presented. It is, for example, highlighted that there is a great gender inequality in football research in favor of men, especially within elite football populations. Therefore, the broad‐spectrum content of the special issue with focus on several performance areas in women’s football, recovery strategies, nutrition, and psychological factors is highly warranted. Several of the topics examined and data presented are examined for the first on elite women’s football, and therefore, we hope that this special issue will contribute to gender balance the research and emphasis on football in both genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Centre of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maysa de Sousa
- Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Svein Arne Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuo CH, Harris MB, Jensen J, Alkhatib A, Ivy JL. Editorial: Possible Mechanisms to Explain Abdominal Fat Loss Effect of Exercise Training Other Than Fatty Acid Oxidation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789463. [PMID: 34867489 PMCID: PMC8638619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Brennan Harris
- Department of Health Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ahmad Alkhatib
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - John L Ivy
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Untrained Humans: A Systematic Review. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10121272. [PMID: 34943187 PMCID: PMC8698973 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Participation in exercise promotes health. High intensity exercise (HIE) has become increasingly popular among the general population, however, its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans is not clear. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of HIE on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans. Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched until March 2021. A methodological quality assessment valuation/estimation was additionally carried out in the final sample of studies. Following the PRISMA selection process, 21 studies were finally included. There was strong evidence that acute oxidative stress following the cessation of HIE exists when compared to resting states. The HIE-induced oxidative stress is transient and is most likely restored to normal levels within 24 h due to the stimulated endogenous antioxidant system whose response was lagging and lasting. Physically active humans had better antioxidant systems and suffered less oxidative stress after HIE. A physically active lifestyle was considered to enhance antioxidant capacity. For untrained humans, HIE with intensities above 70% VO2max are proposed for initial exercise levels based on the findings reported here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK; (Y.L.); (H.D.W.)
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK; (Y.L.); (H.D.W.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McMillan DW, Astorino TA, Correa MA, Nash MS, Gater DR. Virtual Strategies for the Broad Delivery of High Intensity Exercise in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: Ongoing Studies and Considerations for Implementation. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:703816. [PMID: 34423292 PMCID: PMC8377288 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.703816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a multitude of metabolic co-morbidities that can be managed by exercise. As in the non-injured population, manipulation of exercise intensity likely allows for fruitful optimization of exercise interventions targeting metabolic health in persons with SCI. In this population, interventions employing circuit resistance training (CRT) exhibit significant improvements in outcomes including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and blood lipids, and recent exploration of high intensity interval training (HIIT) suggests the potential of this strategy to enhance health and fitness. However, the neurological consequences of SCI result in safety considerations and constrain exercise approaches, resulting in the need for specialized exercise practitioners. Furthermore, transportation challenges, inaccessibility of exercise facilities, and other barriers limit the translation of high intensity “real world” exercise strategies. Delivering exercise via online (“virtual”) platforms overcomes certain access barriers while allowing for broad distribution of high intensity exercise despite the limited number of population-specific exercise specialists. In this review, we initially discuss the need for “real world” high intensity exercise strategies in persons with SCI. We then consider the advantages and logistics of using virtual platforms to broadly deliver high intensity exercise in this population. Safety and risk mitigation are considered first followed by identifying strategies and technologies for delivery and monitoring of virtual high intensity exercise. Throughout the review, we discuss approaches from previous and ongoing trials and conclude by giving considerations for future efforts in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W McMillan
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Correa
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mark S Nash
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David R Gater
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakahara H, Ueda SY, Miyamoto T. Low Frequency Severe-Intensity Interval Training Markedly Alters Respiratory Compensation Point During Incremental Exercise in Untrained Male. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1100. [PMID: 33013469 PMCID: PMC7498695 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of low-frequency severe-intensity interval training on the respiratory compensation point (RCP) during incremental exercise test. Eighteen healthy males (age; 20.7 ± 2.2 years, range 18 to 29 years, height; 174.0 ± 5.6 cm, weight; 68.8 ± 13.5 kg) were randomly assigned to an interval training group or a control group. Interval training was conducted once weekly for 3 months. Each session consisted of three bouts of bicycle ergometer exercise at 80% maximum work rate until volitional fatigue. Before (baseline) and after the 3-month intervention, incremental exercise test was performed on a bicycle ergometer for determination of ventilatory threshold (VT), RCP, and peak oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 peak). The training program resulted in significant increases of V̇O 2 peak (+ 14%, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.437), oxygen consumption (V̇O 2) at VT (+ 18%, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.749) and RCP (+ 15%, p = 0.03, η p 2 = 0.239) during incremental exercise test in the training group. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the increase in V̇O 2 peak and increase in V̇O 2 at RCP after intervention (r = 0.87, p = 0.002) in the training group. Tidal volumes at VT (p = 0.04, η p 2 = 0.270) and RCP (p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.370) also increased significantly after intervention compared to baseline. Low-frequency severe-intensity interval training induced a shift in RCP toward higher work rate accompanied by higher tidal volume during incremental exercise test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Ueda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human Environment, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Chirosa I, Chirosa LJ, Guisado R, Ochoa JJ. Beneficial Effect of Ubiquinol on Hematological and Inflammatory Signaling during Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020424. [PMID: 32041223 PMCID: PMC7071169 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise (any activity that expends six metabolic equivalents per minute or more causing sensations of fatigue and exhaustion to occur, inducing deleterious effects, affecting negatively different cells), induces muscle damage and hematological changes associated with high production of pro-inflammatory mediators related to muscle damage and sports anemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term oral ubiquinol supplementation can prevent accumulation of inflammatory mediators and hematological impairment associated to strenuous exercise. For this purpose, 100 healthy and well-trained firemen were classified in two groups: Ubiquinol (experimental group), and placebo group (control). The protocol was two identical strenuous exercise tests with rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (T2), after first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after second physical exercise test (T5). Hematological parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were measured. Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, VEGF, NO, EGF, IL-1ra, and IL-10 increased in the ubiquinol group while IL-1, IL-8, and MCP-1 decreased. Ubiquinol supplementation during high intensity exercise could modulate inflammatory signaling, expression of pro-inflammatory, and increasing some anti-inflammatory cytokines. During exercise, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, VEGF, and EGF increased in ubiquinol group, revealing a possible pro-angiogenic effect, improving oxygen supply and exerting a possible protective effect on other physiological alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-24-10-00 (ext. 20303)
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Chirosa
- Departament of Physical Education, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (I.C.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa
- Departament of Physical Education, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (I.C.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Rafael Guisado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Health-Sciencies Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruíz-Moreno C, Lara B, Brito de Souza D, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Romero-Moraleda B, Cuéllar-Rayo Á, Del Coso J. Acute caffeine intake increases muscle oxygen saturation during a maximal incremental exercise test. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:861-867. [PMID: 31782534 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The main mechanism behind caffeine's ergogenicity lies in its tendency to bind to adenosine receptors, although other mechanisms might be involved. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the effects of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during exercise of increasing intensity. METHODS Thirteen healthy and active individuals volunteered to participate in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. During 2 different trials, participants either ingested a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine. After waiting for 60 min to absorb the substances, participants underwent a maximal ramp cycle ergometer test (25 W/min). Near infrared spectrometers were positioned on each leg's vastus lateralis to monitor tissue O2 saturation. Blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min after the end of the exercise test. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, the ingestion of caffeine improved the maximal wattage (258 ± 50 vs 271 ± 54 W, respectively, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.35) and blood lactate concentration (11.9 ± 3.8 vs 13.7 ± 3.5 mmol/L, P = .029, ES = 0.38; 95% CI 0.14-0.75) at the end of the test. Caffeine increased muscle oxygen saturation at several exercise workloads with a main effect found in respect to the placebo (F = 6.28, P = .029; ES = 0.30 to 0.54; 95% CI 0.01-0.78). Peak pulmonary ventilation (124 ± 29 vs 129 ± 23 L/min, P = 0.035, ES = 0.25; 95% CI 0.07-0.40) and peak oxygen uptake (3.18 ± 0.70 vs 3.33 ± 0.88 L/min, P = 0.032, ES = 0.26; 95% CI 0.08-0.51) were also increased with caffeine. CONCLUSION Acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine improved peak aerobic performance and increased peak pulmonary ventilation. In addition, caffeine induced changes in muscle oxygen saturation during submaximal workloads, suggesting that this mechanism might also contribute to caffeine's ergogenic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ruíz-Moreno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.,Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Cuéllar-Rayo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between nausea level and lactic acidosis during recovery from sprinting. In all, 13 recreationally active males completed a 60 s bout of maximal intensity cycling. Prior to and for 45 min following exercise, blood pH, pCO2 , and lactate levels were measured together with nausea. In response to sprinting, nausea, lactate, and H+ concentrations increased and remained elevated for at least 10 min (p < .001), whereas pCO2 increased only transiently (p < .001) before falling below pre-exercise levels (p < .001), with all these variables returning toward pre-exercise levels during recovery. Both measures of nausea adopted for analyses (nausea profile, NP; visual analogue scale, VAS), demonstrated significant repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) post-exercise between nausea and plasma lactate (VAS and NPrrm > 0.595, p < .0001) and H+ concentrations (VAS and NPrrm > 0.689, p < .0001), but an inconsistent relationship with pCO2 (VAS rrm = 0.250, p = .040; NP rrm = 0.144, p = .248) and bicarbonate levels (VAS rrm = -0.252, p = .095; NP rrm = -0.397, p = .008). Linear mixed modeling was used to predict the trajectory of nausea over time, with both lactate and H+ concentrations found to be key predictors of nausea (p < .0001). In conclusion, this study reveals a strong positive relationship between nausea and both H+ and lactate concentrations during recovery from sprinting, a finding consistent with H+ and lactate being potential mediators of nausea post-sprinting. However, as the timing of the recovery of both H+ and lactate was delayed, compared to that of nausea, further research is required to confirm these findings and investigate other potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Merrells
- School of Human SciencesDivision Sport Science, Exercise and HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia
- School of Health SciencesThe University of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleAustralia
| | - Ashley J. Cripps
- School of Health SciencesThe University of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleAustralia
| | - Paola T. Chivers
- Institute for Health ResearchThe University of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleAustralia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute & School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
| | - Paul A. Fournier
- School of Human SciencesDivision Sport Science, Exercise and HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Astorino TA, DeRevere JL, Anderson T, Kellogg E, Holstrom P, Ring S, Ghaseb N. Blood Lactate Concentration Is Not Related to the Increase in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Induced by High Intensity Interval Training. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16162845. [PMID: 31395812 PMCID: PMC6720831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is individual responsiveness to exercise training as not all individuals experience increases in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), which does not benefit health status considering the association between VO2max and mortality. Approximately 50% of the training response is genetic, with the other 50% accounted for by variations in dietary intake, sleep, recovery, and the metabolic stress of training. This study examined if the blood lactate (BLa) response to high intensity interval training (HIIT) as well as habitual dietary intake and sleep duration are associated with the resultant change in VO2max (ΔVO2max). Methods: Fourteen individuals (age and VO2max = 27 ± 8 years and 38 ± 4 mL/kg/min, respectively) performed nine sessions of HIIT at 130% ventilatory threshold. BLa was measured during the first and last session of training. In addition, sleep duration and energy intake were assessed. Results: Data showed that VO2max increased with HIIT (p = 0.007). No associations occurred between ΔVO2max and BLa (r = 0.44, p = 0.10), energy intake (r = 0.38, p = 0.18), or sleep duration (r = 0.14, p = 0.62). However, there was a significant association between training heart rate (HR) and ΔVO2max (r = 0.62, p = 0.02). Conclusions: When HIIT is prescribed according to a metabolic threshold, energy intake, sleep status, and BLa do not predict ΔVO2max, yet the HR response to training is associated with the ΔVO2max.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA.
| | - Jamie L DeRevere
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Theodore Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Erin Kellogg
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Patrick Holstrom
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Sebastian Ring
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Nicholas Ghaseb
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panissa VLG, Fukuda DH, Caldeira RS, Gerosa-Neto J, Lira FS, Zagatto AM, Franchini E. Is Oxygen Uptake Measurement Enough to Estimate Energy Expenditure During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise? Quantification of Anaerobic Contribution by Different Methods. Front Physiol 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 30038583 PMCID: PMC6046462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the contributions of the anaerobic pathway as determined by two different methods and energy expenditure during a typical high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) protocol. Methods: A descriptive research design was utilized in which thirteen physically active men performed six experimental sessions consisting of an incremental test (session 1), submaximal tests at 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90% of velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake (vV˙O2max) with two intensities per session (sessions 2–5), and the HIIE protocol (session 6; 10 efforts of 1 min at vV˙O2max interspersed by 1 min of passive recovery). The estimation of anaerobic energy system contribution was calculated by: (a) the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption plus delta lactate method and (b) the accumulated oxygen deficit method using the difference between predicted oxygen demand from the submaximal tests of varying intensities and accumulated oxygen uptake during HIIE. Estimation of aerobic energy system contribution was calculated through the measurement of oxygen consumption during activity. Total EE during the entire HIIE protocol (efforts + recovery) and for the efforts only were calculated from each method. Results: For efforts + recovery and efforts only, anaerobic contribution was similar for both methods, and consequently total EE was also equivalent (p = 0.230 for both comparisons). During efforts + recovery, aerobic:anaerobic energy system contribution was (68 ± 4%: 32 ± 4%), while efforts only was (54 ± 5%: 46 ± 5%) with both situations demonstrating greater aerobic than anaerobic contribution (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Anaerobic contribution seems to be relevant during HIIE and must to be taken into account during total EE estimation; however, the type of method employed did not change the anaerobic contribution or total EE estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria L G Panissa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Renan S Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known of the subjective response to exercise that involves short "all out" bursts of effort, separated by recovery periods (sprint interval exercise (SPRINT)) among adults with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIBC). The purpose of this study was to compare subjective responses to SPRINT and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MOD) among adults with EIBC, and to compare these responses between adults with EIBC and those without EIBC. METHODS Eight adults (22.3 ± 3.0 years) with EIBC, and eight adults (22.3 ± 3.0 years) without EIBC completed a SPRINT (4 × 30 second sprints separated by 4.5 minutes of active recovery) and MOD (20 minutes at 65% peak power output) session in random order. Self-reported affect, perceived breathlessness, and perceived exertion were recorded throughout exercise using validated scales. Enjoyment was assessed following exercise. RESULTS Differences between SPRINT and MOD were observed such that affect and perceived breathlessness were worse during the initial stages of SPRINT than MOD; however, differences disappeared by the end of exercise. Enjoyment was similar for SPRINT and MOD in the EIBC group (SPRINT: 72.9 ± 20.0 vs. MOD: 79.5 ± 20.5, p = 0.25), and between groups for SPRINT and MOD. CONCLUSIONS Perceived breathlessness may impact affect during the early stages of exercise among those with EIBC. Post-exercise enjoyment appears to be similar between SPRINT and MOD. Future research is needed to better understand the relationship between ventilation patterns, exercise intensity, and enjoyment of exercise among those with EIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Good
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Srisawat K, Shepherd SO, Lisboa PJ, Burniston JG. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proteomics Literature on the Response of Human Skeletal Muscle to Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Versus Exercise Training. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040030. [PMID: 29137117 PMCID: PMC5748565 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomics literature that reports human skeletal muscle responses in the context of either pathological decline associated with obesity/T2DM and physiological adaptations to exercise training. Literature was collected from PubMed and DOAJ databases following PRISMA guidelines using the search terms ‘proteom*’, and ‘skeletal muscle’ combined with either ‘obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance’ or ‘exercise, training’. Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, and meta-analysis was performed on a sub-set (four studies) of the reviewed literature that reported the necessary primary data. The majority of proteins (n = 73) more abundant in the muscle of obese/T2DM individuals were unique to this group and not reported to be responsive to exercise training. The main response of skeletal muscle to exercise training was a greater abundance of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. In total, five proteins were less abundant in muscle of obese/T2DM individuals and were also reported to be more abundant in the muscle of endurance-trained individuals, suggesting one of the major mechanisms of exercise-induced protection against the deleterious effects of obesity/T2DM occurs at complex I of the electron transport chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Srisawat
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
- Bureau of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Paulo J Lisboa
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miotto PM, Barbeau PA, Brownell S. Compensatory increases in protein markers of mitochondrial dynamics during ageing are adaptable to physical activity. J Physiol 2017; 595:5753-5754. [PMID: 28681983 DOI: 10.1113/jp274705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
18
|
Griffin PJ, Ferguson RA, Gissane C, Bailey SJ, Patterson SD. Ischemic preconditioning enhances critical power during a 3 minute all-out cycling test. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1038-1043. [PMID: 28686083 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1349923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) would increase critical power (CP) during a 3 minute all-out cycling test. Twelve males completed two 3 minute all-out cycling tests, in a crossover design, separated by 7 days. These tests were preceded by IPC (4 x 5 minute intervals at 220 mmHg bilateral leg occlusion) or SHAM treatment (4 x 5 minute intervals at 20 mmHg bilateral leg occlusion). CP was calculated as the mean power output during the final 30 s of the 3 minute test with W' taken as the total work done above CP. Muscle oxygenation was measured throughout the exercise period. There was a 15.3 ± 0.3% decrease in muscle oxygenation (TSI; [Tissue saturation index]) during the IPC stimulus, relative to SHAM. CP was significantly increased (241 ± 65 W vs. 234 ± 67 W), whereas W' (18.4 ± 3.8 vs 17.9 ± 3.7 kJ) and total work done (TWD) were not different (61.1 ± 12.7 vs 60.8 ± 12.7 kJ), between the IPC and SHAM trials. IPC enhanced CP during a 3 minute all-out cycling test without impacting W' or TWD. The improved CP after IPC might contribute towards the effect of IPC on endurance performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Griffin
- a School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science , St. Mary's University , London , UK
| | - Richard A Ferguson
- b School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Conor Gissane
- a School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science , St. Mary's University , London , UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- b School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Stephen D Patterson
- a School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science , St. Mary's University , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gentil P, Del Vecchio FB. Commentary: High-intensity Intermittent Training vs. Moderate-intensity Intermittent Training: Is It a Matter of Intensity or Intermittent Efforts? Front Physiol 2017; 8:370. [PMID: 28611688 PMCID: PMC5447727 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiânia, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bellar D, Hatchett A, Judge LW, Breaux ME, Marcus L. The relationship of aerobic capacity, anaerobic peak power and experience to performance in CrossFit exercise. Biol Sport 2015; 32:315-20. [PMID: 26681834 PMCID: PMC4672163 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1174771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CrossFit is becoming increasingly popular as a method to increase fitness and as a competitive sport in both the Unites States and Europe. However, little research on this mode of exercise has been performed to date. The purpose of the present investigation involving experienced CrossFit athletes and naïve healthy young men was to investigate the relationship of aerobic capacity and anaerobic power to performance in two representative CrossFit workouts: the first workout was 12 minutes in duration, and the second was based on the total time to complete the prescribed exercise. The participants were 32 healthy adult males, who were either naïve to CrossFit exercise or had competed in CrossFit competitions. Linear regression was undertaken to predict performance on the first workout (time) with age, group (naïve or CrossFit athlete), VO2max and anaerobic power, which were all significant predictors (p < 0.05) in the model. The second workout (repetitions), when examined similarly using regression, only resulted in CrossFit experience as a significant predictor (p < 0.05). The results of the study suggest that a history of participation in CrossFit competition is a key component of performance in CrossFit workouts which are representative of those performed in CrossFit, and that, in at least one these workouts, aerobic capacity and anaerobic power are associated with success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bellar
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA 70508
| | - A Hatchett
- Department of Health Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH USA 03461
| | - L W Judge
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN USA 47306
| | - M E Breaux
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA 70508
| | - L Marcus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA 70508
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Skelly LE, Andrews PC, Gillen JB, Martin BJ, Percival ME, Gibala MJ. High-intensity interval exercise induces 24-h energy expenditure similar to traditional endurance exercise despite reduced time commitment. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:845-8. [PMID: 24773393 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Subjects performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (END) to evaluate 24-h oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption during HIIT was lower versus END; however, total oxygen consumption over 24 h was similar. These data demonstrate that HIIT and END induce similar 24-h energy expenditure, which may explain the comparable changes in body composition reported despite lower total training volume and time commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, Ivor Wynne Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chang H, Kim K, Jung YJ, Ahn NR, So WY, KATO M. Effects of blood flow to the prefrontal cortex on high-intensity exercise combined with high-decibel music. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013; 17:115-22. [PMID: 25566422 PMCID: PMC4241909 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of high-intensity exercise (70-75% of VO2 max) combined with high-decibel music (100 dB) on cognitive function (measured by the Stroop test) and related blood flow changes to the prefrontal cortex (measured by Oxy-hemoglobin (Hb), Deoxy-Hb, tissue oxygen index (TOI), and normalized tissue hemoglobin index (nTHI)). The subjects of the study were 28 healthy female university students in their early 20s. Subjects were categorized into control group (CG), music group (MG), exercise group (Ex), and music and exercise group (MnEx). A crossover design was implemented so that all subjects participated in all test groups. We found no significant difference in reaction time between CG and MG for the neutral and incongruent tasks of Stroop test. However, there were significant improvements in the neutral and incongruent tasks for both the Ex (p < 0.01) and MnEx (p < 0.01) groups. Oxy-Hb measurements in the prefrontal cortex of the brain supported the Stroop test data. We found no difference between Ex and MnEx in the TOI; however, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in MnEx compared to Ex. In addition, Ex resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in nTHI as compared to CG. These results indicate that high decibel music could negatively affect prefrontal cortex activation of the brain during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyukki Chang
- Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungae Kim
- Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Ri Ahn
- Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Morimasa KATO
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Yonezawa Women’s Junior College of Yamagata Prefecture, Yonezawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buchan DS, Young JD, Simpson AD, Thomas NE, Cooper SM, Baker JS. The effects of a novel high intensity exercise intervention on established markers of cardiovascular disease and health in Scottish adolescent youth. J Public Health Res 2012; 1:155-7. [PMID: 25170459 PMCID: PMC4140358 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2012.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined the effects of high intensity exercise on physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth. Forty-one participants (15-17 years) were divided into a control and an intervention (high intensity exercise, HIT) group. The HIT group (15 boys, 2 girls) performed three weekly sessions over seven weeks consisting of either four to six repeats of maximal sprint running with 20-30 s recovery. The control group (20 boys, 4 girls) continued their normal activity patterns. All participants had indices of obesity and blood pressure (BP) recorded in addition to four physical performance measures pre-and post-intervention: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular power, sprint speed and agility. In the HIT group, significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (P<0.01) and agility (P<0.05) were noted. Participants in the control group, meanwhile, experienced a significant decrease in counter movement jump performance. These findings demonstrate that brief, intense exercise interventions are useful for improving indices of physical fitness in a short period of time. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Maini Tulokas in the Social Insurance Institution for her skilled help in preparing the figures. FUNDING this study was financially supported by the Chief Scientist Office for Scotland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan S Buchan
- Institute of Clinical Exercise Science and Health, University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Young
- Institute of Clinical Exercise Science and Health, University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan D Simpson
- Institute of Clinical Exercise Science and Health, University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton, Scotland, UK
| | - Non E Thomas
- School of Human Sciences, Swansea University , Swansea, Wales
| | | | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise Science and Health, University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|