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Fan H, Tan Y. Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Contacts in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6878. [PMID: 38999988 PMCID: PMC11240910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of cellular metabolism and redox balance is a complex, multifaceted process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Lipid droplets (LDs), once considered inert storage depots for neutral lipids, are now recognized as dynamic organelles critical in lipid metabolism and energy regulation. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, play a central role in energy production, metabolic pathways, and redox signaling. The physical and functional contacts between LDs and mitochondria facilitate a direct transfer of lipids, primarily fatty acids, which are crucial for mitochondrial β-oxidation, thus influencing energy homeostasis and cellular health. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the mechanisms governing LD-mitochondria interactions and their regulation, drawing attention to proteins and pathways that mediate these contacts. We discuss the physiological relevance of these interactions, emphasizing their role in maintaining energy and redox balance within cells, and how these processes are critical in response to metabolic demands and stress conditions. Furthermore, we explore the pathological implications of dysregulated LD-mitochondria interactions, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their potential links to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusively, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of LD-mitochondria interactions, underscoring their significance in cellular metabolism and suggesting future research directions that could unveil novel therapeutic targets for metabolic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Dörschmann P, Hunger F, Schroth H, Chen S, Kopplin G, Roider J, Klettner A. Effects of Fucoidans on Activated Retinal Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6018. [PMID: 38892206 PMCID: PMC11173224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfated marine polysaccharides, so-called fucoidans, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we tested the effects of different fucoidans (and of fucoidan-treated RPE cells) on retinal microglia to investigate whether its anti-inflammatory effect can be extrapolated to the innate immune cells of the retina. In addition, we tested whether fucoidan treatment influenced the anti-inflammatory effect of RPE cells on retinal microglia. Three fucoidans were tested (FVs from Fucus vesiculosus, Fuc1 and FucBB04 from Laminaria hyperborea) as well as the supernatant of primary porcine RPE treated with fucoidans for their effects on inflammatory activated (using lipopolysaccharide, LPS) microglia cell line SIM-A9 and primary porcine retinal microglia. Cell viability was detected with a tetrazolium assay (MTT), and morphology by Coomassie staining. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and interleukin 8 (IL8) was detected with ELISA, gene expression (NOS2 (Nitric oxide synthase 2), and CXCL8 (IL8)) with qPCR. Phagocytosis was detected with a fluorescence assay. FucBB04 and FVs slightly reduced the viability of SIM-A9 and primary microglia, respectively. Treatment with RPE supernatants increased the viability of LPS-treated primary microglia. FVs and FucBB04 reduced the size of LPS-activated primary microglia, indicating an anti-inflammatory phenotype. RPE supernatant reduced the size of LPS-activated SIM-A9 cells. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion and gene expression in SIM-A9, as well as primary microglia, were not significantly affected by fucoidans, but RPE supernatants reduced the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in SIM-A9 and primary microglia. The phagocytosis ability of primary microglia was reduced by FucBB04. In conclusion, fucoidans exhibited only modest effects on inflammatorily activated microglia by maintaining their cell size under stimulation, while the anti-inflammatory effect of RPE cells on microglia irrespective of fucoidan treatment could be confirmed, stressing the role of RPE in regulating innate immunity in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörschmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Florentine Hunger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Hannah Schroth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Sibei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Georg Kopplin
- Alginor ASA, Haraldsgata 162, 5525 Haugesund, Norway;
| | - Johann Roider
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany (A.K.)
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Nagy D, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Kiss R, Szabó AM, Lehoczki A, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Effects of voluntary and forced physical exercise on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x. [PMID: 38795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by an increased prevalence of degenerative conditions, including those affecting ocular health, which significantly impact quality of life and increase the burden on healthcare systems. Among these, retinal aging is of particular concern due to its direct link to vision impairment, a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Vision loss in the aging population is associated with heightened risks of cognitive decline, social isolation, and morbidity. This study addresses the critical gap in our understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, that may mitigate retinal aging and its related pathologies. We investigated the effects of different exercise regimens-voluntary (recreational-type) and forced (high-intensity)-on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats (18-month-old), serving as a model for studying the translational potential of exercise interventions in humans. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a young control (3-month-old) for baseline comparison, an aged sedentary control, an aged group engaging in voluntary exercise via a running wheel in their cage, and an aged group subjected to forced exercise on a treadmill for six sessions of 20 min each per week. After a 6-month experimental period, we assessed retinal function via electroretinography (ERG), measured retinal thickness histologically, and analyzed protein expression changes relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-aging mechanisms. Our findings reveal that voluntary exercise positively impacts retinal function and morphology, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing anti-aging protein expression. In contrast, forced exercise showed diminished benefits. These insights underscore the importance of exercise intensity and preference in preserving retinal health during aging. The study highlights the potential of recreational physical activity as a non-invasive strategy to counteract retinal aging, advocating for further research into exercise regimens as preventative therapies for age-related ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Yao T, Li L. The influence of microbiota on ferroptosis in intestinal diseases. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263210. [PMID: 37795964 PMCID: PMC10557621 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes and compromised cellular antioxidant defenses. Multiple metabolic pathways, including iron and lipid metabolism, as well as antioxidant systems, contribute to the execution of ferroptosis. The gut microbiota exerts regulatory effects on ferroptosis through its microbial composition, biological functions, and metabolites. Notably, most pathogenic bacteria tend to promote ferroptosis, thereby inducing or exacerbating diseases, while most probiotics have been shown to protect against cell death. Given microbiota colonization in the gut, an intimate association is found between intestinal diseases and microbiota. This review consolidates the essential aspects of ferroptotic processes, emphasizing key molecules and delineating the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and ferroptosis. Moreover, this review underscores the potential utility of gut microbiota modulation in regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
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Mougin C, Chataigner M, Lucas C, Leyrolle Q, Pallet V, Layé S, Bouvret E, Dinel AL, Joffre C. Dietary Marine Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance and Social Behavior through Gut Microbiota Remodeling during Aging. Foods 2023; 12:4199. [PMID: 38231613 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in social behavior and cognitive functions leading to a decrease in life quality. In a previous study, we show that a fish hydrolysate supplementation prevents age-related decline in spatial short-term memory and long-term memory and anxiety-like behavior and improves the stress response in aged mice. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a fish hydrolysate enriched with EPA/DHA or not on the cognitive ability and social interaction during aging and the biological mechanisms involved. We showed for the first time that a fish hydrolysate enriched with EPA/DHA or not improved memory performance and preference for social novelty that were diminished by aging. These changes were associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota, normalization of corticosterone, and modulation of the expression of genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, circadian clock, neuroprotection, and antioxidant activity. Thus, these changes may contribute to the observed improvements in social behavior and memory and reinforced the innovative character of fish hydrolysate in the prevention of age-related impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mougin
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Céline Lucas
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Leyrolle
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Kong D, Liu Y, Li L, Wang H, Li K, Zheng G. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110684. [PMID: 37648051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid species and iron overload. Damage to human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with age-related cataract progression. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with natural antioxidant properties, counteracts ferroptosis in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, this mechanism has not been reported with respect to cataract treatment. In this study, the differential expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lens of young and aged mice were analysed. Continuous ATX supplementation for 8 months upregulated GPX4 expression in the mouse LECs and delayed the progression of ferroptosis. Upon treatment with erastin, ROS and malondialdehyde accumulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. At the same time, the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin were suppressed in human LECs. All of these phenomena were partially reversed by ATX and Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. This study confirmed that the ATX-mediated targeting of GPX4 might alleviate human LECs damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress and that this could represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010047. [PMID: 36615705 PMCID: PMC9824801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases. METHODS A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging. RESULTS Studies show that the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment and dementia can be slowed down or prevented by certain diets with anti-aging action. The protective effects of diets, at least in part, may be mediated by their beneficial macro- (protein, fat, carbohydrate) and micronutrient (vitamins, minerals) composition. CONCLUSIONS Certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, may play a significant role in healthy aging by preventing the onset of certain diseases and by improving the aging process itself. This latter can be strengthened by incorporating fasting elements into the diet. As dietary recommendations change with age, this should be taken into consideration as well, when developing a diet tailored to the needs of elderly individuals. Future and ongoing clinical studies on complex anti-aging dietary interventions translating the results of preclinical investigations are expected to lead to novel nutritional guidelines for older adults in the near future.
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