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Mei Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Fan W, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang J, Fan L, Xiong A, Yang L, Wang Z. Borneol acts as an adjuvant agent to enhance the oral absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins in rats: Effect of optical configuration and compatibility ratios. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118331. [PMID: 38734392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), as the main active component of Panax notoginseng, shows broad pharmacological effects but with low oral bioavailability. Borneol (BO) is commonly used as an adjuvant drug in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proven to facilitate the absorption of ginsenosides such as Rg1 and Rb1 in vivo. The presence of chiral carbons has resulted in three optical isomers of BO commercially available in the market, all of which are documented by national standards. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the role of BO in promoting the oral absorption of PNS from the perspective of optical configuration and compatibility ratios. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) method was validated and applied to determine the concentrations of five main saponins in PNS in rat plasma. The kinetic characteristics of PNS were compared when co-administered with BO based on optical isomerism and different compatibility ratios. RESULTS The results showed that BO promoted the exposure of PNS in rats. Three forms of BO, namely d-borneol (DB), l-borneol (LB), and synthetic borneol (SB), exhibited different promotion strengths. SB elevated PNS exposure in rats more than DB or LB. It is also interesting to note that under different compatibility ratios, SB can exert a strong promoting effect only when PNS and BO were combined in a 1:1 ratio (PNS 75 mg/kg; BO 75 mg/kg). As a pharmacokinetic booster, the dosage of BO is worthy of consideration and should follow the traditional medication principles of Chinese medicine. CONCLUSIONS This study shed new light on the compatible use of PNS and BO from the perspective of "configuration-dose-influence" of BO. The results provide important basis for the clinical application and selection of BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wei CC, Yue LF, You FT, Tao C. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate osteoporosis and joint destruction in rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1302. [PMID: 34630657 PMCID: PMC8461612 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics may be used to alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these compounds have been associated with bone loss and joint destruction; thus, alternative treatment approaches are required. In the present study, various plant extracts were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit joint destruction, and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Panax notoginseng, was identified as such a compound. Therefore, a rabbit antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model was generated by immunization with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by treatment with PNS for 3 months. The morphology of the quadriceps femoris muscle, cartilage chondrocytes and skeletal elements was histologically observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as micro-computed tomography. The results revealed that PNS significantly reduced the histopathological alterations associated with arthritic muscular atrophy and inflammation. In addition, TEM demonstrated that PNS protected chondrocytes from RA-associated damage. Furthermore, the bone density and microarchitecture in rabbits treated with PNS were markedly improved compared with those of the model group. Collectively, these data indicated that treatment with PNS may relieve osteoporosis and prevent joint and bone destruction in AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chao Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Li Fei Yue
- Department of Traumatology, Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fan Tian You
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Che Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
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Jung SJ, Oh MR, Lee DY, Lee YS, Kim GS, Park SH, Han SK, Kim YO, Yoon SJ, Chae SW. Effect of Ginseng Extracts on the Improvement of Osteopathic and Arthritis Symptoms in Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103352. [PMID: 34684351 PMCID: PMC8539988 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are active compounds that are beneficial to bone metabolism and have anti-osteoporosis properties. However, very few clinical investigations have investigated the effect of ginseng extract (GE) on bone metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of GE on improving bone metabolism and arthritis symptoms in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 90 subjects were randomly divided into a placebo group, GE 1 g group, and GE 3 g group for 12 weeks based on the random 1:1:1 assignment to these three groups. The primary outcome is represented by bone metabolism indices consisting of serum osteocalcin (OC), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and DPD/OC measurements. Secondary outcomes were serum CTX, NTX, Ca, P, BsALP, P1NP, OC/CTX ratio, and WOMAC index. The GE 3 g group had a significantly increased serum OC concentration. Similarly, the GE 3 g group showed a significant decrease in the DPD/OC ratio, representing bone resorption and bone formation. Moreover, among all the groups, the GE 3 g group demonstrated appreciable improvements in the WOMAC index scores. In women with osteopenia, intake of 3 g of GE per day over 12 weeks notably improved the knee arthritis symptoms with improvements in the OC concentration and ratios of bone formation indices like DPD/OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Soog-Kyoung Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Young-Ock Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-2593040
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Panax Notoginseng Saponins Prevent Bone Loss by Promoting Angiogenesis in an Osteoporotic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8412468. [PMID: 33415157 PMCID: PMC7752278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8412468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of the population and the extension of life expectancy, osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic. Although there are several drugs used to treat osteoporosis in clinical practice, such as parathyroid hormone or bisphosphonates, they all have some serious side effects. Therefore, a safer drug is called for osteoporosis, especially for the prevention in the early stage of the disease, not only the treatment in the later stage. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used as anti-ischemic drug due to its function on improving vascular circulation. In order to verify whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could be used to prevent osteoporosis, ovariectomy (OVX) was induced in female C57BL/C6J mice, followed by orally administration with 40 mg/kg/d, 80 mg/kg/d, and 160 mg/kg/d of three different dosages of PNS for 9 weeks. Serum biochemical analysis, micro-CT, histological evaluation, and immunostaining of markers of osteogenesis and angiogenesis were performed in the sham, osteoporotic (OVX), and treatment (OVX+PNS) groups. Micro-CT and histological evaluation showed that compared to sham group, the bone mass of OVX group reduced significantly, while it was significantly restored in the moderate-dose PNS (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) treatment groups. The expression of CD31 and osteocalcin (OCN) in the bone tissue of treatment group also increased, suggesting that PNS activated osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which subsequently increased the bone mass. These results confirmed the potential function of PNS on the prevention of osteoporosis. However, in the high dose of PNS (160 mg/kg) group, the antiosteoportic effect had been eliminated, which also suggested the importance of proper dose of PNS for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Ramesh T. Osteogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced by bacoside-A. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:148-158. [PMID: 33137853 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is growing rapidly to treat numerous diseases including bone-associated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly preferred to treat bone diseases because it possesses high osteogenic potency. Though, to obtain maximum osteogenic efficiency of MSCs is challenging. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the osteogenic efficiency of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by bacoside-A. This study was investigated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and expressions of the genes specific to osteogenic regulation mainly runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type Iα1 (Col I α1) in hBMSCs cultured under osteogenic conditions at different concentrations of bacoside-A for 14 days. The results of this study depicted significant upregulation in the activity of ALP and expressions of osteogenic regulator genes in bacoside-A treated cells when compared with control cells. Besides, expressions of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Wnt/β-catenin were evaluated; these expressions were also significantly increased in bacoside-A treated cells when compared with control cells. This result provides a further supporting evidence of bacoside-A role on osteogenesis in hBMSCs. The present study suggest that bacoside-A will be applied to ameliorate the process of osteogenesis in hBMSCs to repair damaged bone structure during MSC-based therapy; this will be an excellent and auspicious treatment for bone-associated disorders including osteoporosis. Significance of the study Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance between the activity of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption that disrupts the bone microarchitecture. Current anti-osteoporotic drugs are inhibiting bone resorption, but they are unable to restore the bone structure due to extreme bone remodelling process and causes numerous side effects. The finding of natural bioactive compounds with osteogenic property is very essential for osteoporosis treatment. This study was reported that bacoside-A ameliorated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through upregulation of osteogenic differentiation genes and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. This result is indicating that bacoside-A may be useful for osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liu J, Deng X, Liang X, Li L. The phytoestrogen glabrene prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through upregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22653. [PMID: 33113278 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the effects of phytoestrogen glabrene on postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Glabrene administration (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 13 weeks can significantly slow down the body weight gain and slightly increase the uterus weight of OVX rats. The increased levels of U-Ca, U-P levels, urine DPD/creatinine, serum ALP, OCN, triglycerides, and total cholesterol induced by OVX were dramatically inhibited in rats, whereas no difference occurred for S-Ca and S-P in all groups. Furthermore, glabrene can enhance bone mineral density of the right femur, fourth-lumbar vertebra and tibia and improve biomechanical parameters, such as femoral neck loading force, three-point bending of the tibia, and vertebral compression in OVX rats. Moreover, glabrene greatly suppressed the expression of TRAP protein but increased OPG and BGP protein expression in tibia tissue of OVX rats. In addition, OVX-induced reduction of Lrp-5, β-catenin, Runx2, and Osx protein expression was all restored by glabrene treatment. The present study indicated that glabrene might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xinchang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Longying Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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Kang IS, Agidigbi TS, Kwon YM, Kim DG, Kim RI, In G, Lee MH, Kim C. Effect of Co-Administration of Panax ginseng and Brassica oleracea on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082415. [PMID: 32806557 PMCID: PMC7468818 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disorder resulting from increased osteoclastic activity. To determine the effect of Panax ginseng on postmenopausal osteoporosis, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated with 500 mg/kg/day P. ginseng extract (Pg) alone or in combination with hot water extract of Brassica oleracea (Bo) daily for 10 weeks, and the effect of the treatments on OVX-induced bone loss was examined. Bone weight, bone mineral density (BMD), osteoclast (OC) formation, OC marker expression, and biochemical parameters in blood were determined. OVX significantly increased body weight and decreased bone weight compared with those in the Sham group (p < 0.01). Pg or Bo alone did not affect OVX-induced bone loss, but a combination of Pg and Bo (Pg:Bo) recovered bone weight. The bones of OVX mice showed lower BMD than that of Sham mice, and the Pg:Bo = 3:1 restored the decreased BMD. Single treatment with Pg or Bo did not alter OC formation; however, the Pg:Bo = 3:1 inhibited OC formation. In addition, Pg and Bo lowered the OVX-induced elevation in blood glucose level. Thus, we suggest that Pg in combination with proper materials, such as Bo, might be a potential candidate treatment with minimal side effects protect against postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Soon Kang
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Taiwo Samuel Agidigbi
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Rang Ie Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
| | - Gyo In
- Laboratory of Fundamental Research, Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Korea; (G.I.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Laboratory of Fundamental Research, Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Korea; (G.I.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.S.K.); (T.S.A.); (Y.M.K.); (D.-G.K.); (R.I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9874; Fax: +82-32-885-8302
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Sun X, Wei B, Peng Z, Chen X, Fu Q, Wang C, Zhen J, Sun J. A polysaccharide from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. prevents ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3692-3700. [PMID: 32065504 PMCID: PMC7131925 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a homogenous polysaccharide (DFPW) was isolated and purified from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei, and its protective effect against osteoporosis was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Histological analysis indicated that oral administration of DFPW (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly improved trabecular bone mass, as demonstrated by the increase in trabecular area, trabecular thickness and its number in OVX rats. Furthermore, the decline of bone mineral density and bone mineral content including Ca, P and Mg induced by OVX was reversed by the DFPW administration. This function was achieved by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers, such as serum ALP, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), Ca and P excretions. Besides, DFPW improved biomechanical parameters (maximum load, energy, Young's, modulus and maximum stress) to strengthen the hardness and strength femoral diaphysis in OVX rats. These results strongly suggested that DFPW might be a hopeful alternative therapeutics to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiheng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaru Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinchang Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiecong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Lv H, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Duan Y. Elemental characteristics of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) in Yunnan province of China: Multielement determination by ICP-AES and ICP-MS and statistical analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huang J, Li C, Cao J, Ma J, Du Y, Liu X, Yang J, Zhang D. New dammarane-type saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim HJ, Park KH, Kim DH, Chae HJ, Sung GH, Kim YO. In vitro assessments of bone microcomputed tomography in an aged male rat model supplemented with Panax ginseng. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1135-1139. [PMID: 30174513 PMCID: PMC6117371 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has confirmed that Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) has effect on cultured osteoblast of the mouse. In this study we aim to validate the usefulness of tibia quantification by correlating micro-computed tomographic (microCT) images with histology analysis in the aged male rats. A total of thirty - old male WISTAR rats were used and divided into ten 8 weeks rats and ten 112 weeks aged rats with vehicle and ten 112 weeks aged rats with P. ginseng (300 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of P. ginseng lasted for 8 weeks. Bone histomorphometric parameters and the trabecular bone microarchitectural properties of tibia were determined by microCT scan. MicroCT analysis showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone number in the aged group. Ginseng prevented total BMD decrease in the tibia induced by natural aging, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling. Furthermore, the aged group with ginseng was found to have a significantly higher osteoblast. In the blood biochemistry results, serum phosphorus, calcium, osteocalcin, T3, and T4 remained unchanged. The present study indicated that P. ginseng might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of natural aging-induced osteoporosis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 330-930, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-873, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwi Kim
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-873, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 54907, South Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, South Korea
| | - Young-Ock Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, South Korea
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Zhao H, Zhao N, Zheng P, Xu X, Liu M, Luo D, Xu H, Ju D. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Using Chinese Medicinal Plants: Special Emphasis on Mechanisms of Immune Modulation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6345857. [PMID: 29675436 PMCID: PMC5838472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6345857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The causes of osteoporosis include endocrine factors, nutritional status, genetic factors, physical factors, and immune factors. Recent osteoimmunology studies demonstrated that the immune system and immune factors play important regulatory roles in the occurrence of osteoporosis, and people should pay more attention to the relationship between immunity and osteoporosis. Immune and bone cells are located in the bone marrow and share numerous regulatory molecules, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. Abnormal activation of the immune system alters the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which results in an imbalance of bone remodeling and osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis is also increasing with the aging of China's population, and traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for centuries. Chinese medicinal plants possess unique advantages in the regulation of the immune system and the relationships between osteoporosis and the immune system. In this review, we provide a general overview of Chinese medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, focusing on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dahong Ju
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
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Han YK, Kim SY, Ahn JY, Baek JU. An analysis of the combination frequencies of constituent medicinal herbs in prescriptions for the treatment of bone and joint disorder in Korean medicine: determination of a group of candidate prescriptions for universal use. Integr Med Res 2018; 6:344-353. [PMID: 29296561 PMCID: PMC5741390 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to select prescriptions (mixtures of medicinal herbs) used in the treatment of bone and joint disorders in Korean medicine, and through the analysis of medicinal herb combination frequencies, select a high-frequency medicinal herb combination group for further experimental and clinical research. Methods We systematically searched for terms related to bone and joint disorder in the “Dongeuibogam (Dong yibaojian)”, a seminal Korean medicine book. We reviewed the results of published papers regarding the effects in bone and joint disorders (especially in osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and degenerative arthritis). Results In total, 34 candidates of a medicinal herb combination for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHCTBJDs) and nine candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHTBJDs) were selected. Conclusion : The candidates of a medicinal herb combination for the treatment of bone and joint disorders (CMHCTBJDs) and candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHTBJDs) proposed in this study can be useful material for text mining to develop natural products with the effects in BJDs and also it has the potential to reduce the experimental and developmental time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyoung Han
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Seo Yul Kim
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Jae Young Ahn
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Jin Ung Baek
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
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Cuifen L, Guoguang P. [Effect of osseointegration in the posterior area by Shenggu pills]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:498-501. [PMID: 29188645 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the osseointegration condition by measuring the implant stability quotient (ISQ) to study the effect of osseointegration in the posterior area by Shenggu pills. METHODS A total of 101 DENTIUM implants were placed in 48 patients. Fifty implants placed in 24 patients were addressed as usual, whereas 51 implants placed in 24 patients were treated with Shenggu pills. ISQ was tested on the day of surgery and consecutively at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. All data were analyzed. RESULTS The efficacy of the treatment group was no much better than that of control group on the day of surgery and consecutively at 12 weeks with no significant difference (P>0.05). The efficacy of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). The implants placed in the mandible were significantly better than those placed in the maxilla (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early intake of Shenggu pills could accelerate the implant bone union, improve the implants' ISQ, and ensure the success rate of the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Cuifen
- Oral Center, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Peng Guoguang
- Oral Center, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, China
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Wang YG, Jiang LB, Gou B. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VANILLIC ACID ON OVARIECTOMY-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS IN RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638864 PMCID: PMC5471479 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The need for an anti-osteoporotic agent is in high demand since osteoporosis contributes to high rates of disability or impairment (high osteoporotic fracture), morbidity and mortality. Hence, the present study is designed to evaluate the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) against bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy female adult SD rats were separated in to four groups with sham-operated control with bilateral laprotomy (Sham; n = 10), bilateral overiectomy (OVX; n = 10) group, OVX rats were orallay administrated with 50 mg/kg b.wt of VA (OVX + 50 VA; n = 10) or 100 mg/kg b.wt of VA (OVX + 100 VA; n = 10) for 12 weeks (post-treatment) after 4 weeks of OVX. Results: A significant change in the body weight gain was noted in OVX group, while treatment with VA substantially reverted to normalcy. Meanwhile, the bone mineral density and content (BMD and BMC) were substantially improved on supplementation with VA. Also, the bone turnover markers like calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels were markedly attenuated in VA-treated rats. Moreover, the biomechanical stability was greatly ameliorated with VA administration. Both the dose of VA showed potent anti-osteoporotic activity, but VA 100 mg showed highest protective effects as compared with 50 mg of VA. Conclusion: Based on the outcome, we concluded that VA 100 showed better anti-osteoporotic activity by improving BMD and BMC as well as biomechanical stability and therefore used as an alternative therapy for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Liang Bo Jiang
- Department of Microscopic Orthopaedics, Shiyan People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shiyan People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
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Panax notoginseng saponins mitigate ovariectomy-induced bone loss and inhibit marrow adiposity in rats. Menopause 2016; 22:1343-50. [PMID: 26035148 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous data have suggested that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by dual action: stimulation of new bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption. Marrow adipogenesis has been identified as a negative indicator of skeletal strength and integrity. This study assessed the effects of early PNS supplementation on bone microarchitecture preservation and marrow fat content in an ovariectomized rat model. METHODS Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups for 12 weeks of treatment: (1) sham operation (SHAM) + vehicle; (2) ovariectomy (OVX) + vehicle; (3) OVX + 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg); (4) OVX + PNS (300 mg/kg/d, PO). Marrow fat content of the femur was determined, using fat/water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks after operation. At the end of the experiment, bone turnover, trabecular microarchitecture, and marrow adipocytes were assessed by serum biomarkers, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histopathology, respectively. The effects of PNS on adipocytic differentiation were reflected by expression levels of the adipogenic genes PPARγ2 and C/EBPα, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Ovariectomized rats experienced remarkable increases in marrow fat content across time points, which were accompanied by elevated rate of bone turnover, global volumetric bone density, and trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. These OVX-induced pathological changes are reversible in that most of them could be mostly corrected upon 17β-estradiol treatment. PNS treatment significantly reduced marrow adipogenesis (adipocyte density, -27.2%; size, -22.7%; adipocyte volume-to-tissue volume ratio, -53.3%; all P < 0.01) and adipocyte marker gene expression, and prevented bone mass loss and microarchitecture deterioration. Moreover, PNS enhanced osteoblast activity but suppressed osteoclast turnover, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS PNS mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture and suppresses marrow adipogenesis.
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Liu Y, Lin Z, Guo J, Xu G, Li Y, Xu T, Lv H, Chen J, Wu G. Notoginsenoside R1 significantly promotes in vitro osteoblastogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:537-44. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang BR, Cheung KK, Zhou X, Xie RF, Cheng PP, Wu S, Zhou ZY, Tang JY, Hoi PM, Wang YH, Lee SMY. Amelioration of acute myocardial infarction by saponins from flower buds of Panax notoginseng via pro-angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:50-58. [PMID: 26806572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Panax notoginseng is traditionally used as an anti-hemorrhagic agent to promote blood circulation without causing "congealed" blood. Furthermore, the flower of P. notoginseng is a popular, traditional medicine taken daily for the preventing of hypertension and for reducing blood cholesterol profiles. Besides, the flower of P. notoginseng contains a higher level of saponins, particularly protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, as compared to the root. However, detailed pharmacological studies on this flower have rarely been conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the saponins extracted from the flower of P. notoginseng (FS) were examined on the endothelial cell migration assay, chemically induced vascular insufficiency model in zebrafish larvae and myocardial infraction (MI) model in rats, for determination of their pro-angiogenic and therapeutic effects on MI treatment. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that FS significantly promoted VEGF-induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and partially restored defective intersegmental vessels (ISV) in a chemically induced vascular insufficiency model of zebrafish larvae. When compared to MI group, two weeks post-treatment of FS (25-50mg/kg/day) induced approximately 3-fold upregulation of VEGF mRNA expression and a concomitant increase in blood vessel density in the peri-infarct area of the heart. Moreover, TUNEL analysis indicates a reduction in the mean apoptotic nuclei per field in peri-infarct myocardium upon FS treatment. CONCLUSIONS The pro-angiogenic effects of FS demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experimental models suggest that the purified saponin preparation from flowers of P. notoginseng may potentially provide preventive and therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Fang Xie
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Pei Cheng
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - You-Hua Wang
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Deng YT, Kang WB, Zhao JN, Liu G, Zhao MG. Osteoprotective Effect of Echinocystic Acid, a Triterpone Component from Eclipta prostrata, in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporotic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136572. [PMID: 26317835 PMCID: PMC4552887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA) is a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs and has been used for medicinal purposes in China. In the present study, we systematically examined the effects of EA on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats for the first time. Three-month-old female ovariectomy (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of EA. Results showed that administration of EA (5 or 15 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks prevented lower levels of maximum stress and Young's modulus of femur induced by OVX. EA also recovered bone metabolic biomarkers levels in OVX rats, including osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatese, deoxypyridinoline, and urinary calcium and phosphorus. EA (5 and 15 mg/kg/day) could prevent the alteration of total bone mineral density in the femur caused by OVX. However, only high dose (15 mg/kg/day) of EA significantly improved trabecular architecture, as evidenced by higher levels of bone volume/tissue volume, trabecula number, and trabecula thickness, and lower levels of trabecula separation and structure model index compared with OVX rats. In addition, EA treatment decresed the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in OVX rats. In conclusion, EA could prevent reduction of bone mass and strength and improve the cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties in OVX rats. Hence, EA may serve as a new candidate or a leading compound for anti-osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ting Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-bo Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
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Abstract
Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi therapy, which refers to reinforcing kidney, regulating qi, and invigorating spleen, is a traditional Chinese medicine, and we investigated its efficacy in treatment of alcohol-induced osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into alcohol-supplemented group, JIAN-GU-LING (JGL) group, calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group, and sham-treated group. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone biomechanical properties were assessed. Biochemical analyses of serum and urine specimens were detected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA level of vitamin D receptor (VDR). There were markedly lower bone metabolic markers and biomechanical properties in alcohol-supplemented group compared with sham-treated group (all P < 0.05). BMD, BMC, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were elevated in JGL group relative to calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (all P < 0.05). U-Ca/Cr and U-P/Cr in JGL group were higher than those in the calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (all P < 0.05). VDR mRNA level in the JGL group was elevated markedly in comparison with alcohol + calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (P < 0.05). Based on our results, Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi therapy inhibits bone loss, promotes bone formation, and effectively improves bone metabolism in rats with experimental alcoholic osteoporosis. The disease reversal is evidenced by increased BMD and BMC, improved biomechanical properties, elevated VDR mRNA level, enhanced response sensitivity of 1, 25(OH)2D3, and reduced S-Ca/P.
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Panax notoginseng stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:950-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lee HY, Park SH, Chae SW, Soung NK, Oh MJ, Kim JS, Kim YO, Chae HJ. Aqueous ginseng extract has a preventive role in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Chen HL, Tung YT, Chuang CH, Tu MY, Tsai TC, Chang SY, Chen CM. Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:589-99. [PMID: 25278298 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Kefir treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats could significantly decrease the levels of bone turnover markers and prevent OVX-induced bone loss, deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, and biomechanical dysfunction that may be due to increase intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased fracture risk. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age and occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, as the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts towards increased levels of bone resorption. Among various methods of prevention and treatment for osteoporosis, an increase in calcium intake is the most commonly recommended preventive measure. Kefir is a fermented milk product made with kefir grains that degrade milk proteins into various peptides with health-promoting effects, including immunomodulating-, antithrombotic-, antimicrobial-, and calcium-absorption-enhancing bioactivities. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kefir on osteoporosis prophylaxis in an ovariectomized rat model. A total of 56 16-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 7 experimental groups: sham (normal), OVX/Mock, OVX/1X kefir (164 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/2X kefir (328 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/4X kefir (656 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/ALN (2.5 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX/REBONE (800 mg/kg BW/day). After 12-week treatment with kefir, the bone physiology in the OVX rat model was investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible transport mechanism involved in calcium absorption using the Caco-2 human cell line. RESULTS A 12-week treatment with kefir on the OVX-induced osteoporosis model reduced the levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), bone turnover markers, and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.). Additionally, treatment with kefir increased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), and the biomechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of the distal femur with a dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, in in vitro assay, we found that kefir increased intracellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell through TRPV6 calcium channels and not through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels. CONCLUSION The protective effect of kefir in the OVX rat model may occur through increasing intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515, Taiwan
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The study of mechanisms of protective effect of Rg1 against arthritis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and maturation in CIA mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:305071. [PMID: 25214714 PMCID: PMC4158307 DOI: 10.1155/2014/305071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a natural product extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Although Rg1 protects tissue structure and functions by inhibiting local inflammatory reaction, the mechanism remains poorly understood. In vitro, Rg1 dose-dependently inhibited TRAP activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand- (RANKL-) induced osteoclasts and decreased the number of osteoclasts and osteoclast resorption area. Rg1 also significantly inhibited the RANK signaling pathway, including suppressing the expression of Trap, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and calcitonin receptor (CTR). In vivo, Rg1 dramatically decreased arthritis scores in CIA mice and effectively controlled symptoms of inflammatory arthritis. Pathologic analysis demonstrated that Rg1 significantly attenuated pathological changes in CIA mice. Pronounced reduction in synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell invasion were observed in CIA mice after Rg1 therapy. Alcian blue staining results illustrated that mice treated with Rg1 had significantly reduced destruction in the articular cartilage. TRAP and cathepsin K staining results demonstrated a significant reduction of numbers of OCs in the articular cartilage in proximal interphalangeal joints and ankle joints in Rg1-treated mice. In summary, this study revealed that Rg1 reduced the inflammatory destruction of periarticular bone by inhibiting differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts in CIA mice.
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Preventive effect of crocin on osteoporosis in an ovariectomized rat model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:825181. [PMID: 25202337 PMCID: PMC4150429 DOI: 10.1155/2014/825181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of crocin on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group (sham) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, that is, OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 17β-estradiol (E2, 25 μg/kg/day), and OVX with graded crocin doses (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of E2 or crocin started 4 weeks after OVX and lasted for 16 weeks. Our results showed that crocin dose-dependently inhibited the BMD reduction of L4 vertebrae and femurs caused by OVX and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling as evidenced by the lower levels of bone turnover markers. Furthermore, crocin reversed the oxidative stress status in both serum and bone tissue. The present study indicates that the administration of crocin at higher doses over a 16-week period can prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats without hyperplastic effects on the uterus, which may, at least partially, be attributed to crocin's antioxidative property. In brief, crocin is a natural alternative for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment in elderly women.
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Siddiqi MH, Siddiqi MZ, Ahn S, Kang S, Kim YJ, Sathishkumar N, Yang DU, Yang DC. Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review. J Ginseng Res 2014; 37:261-8. [PMID: 24198650 PMCID: PMC3818951 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ginseng plant (Panax ginseng Meyer) has a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins with a dammarane skeleton as well as protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol, commonly known as ginsenosides, which have antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-adipocyte, and sexual enhancing effects. Though several discoveries have demonstrated that ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) as the most important therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, yet the molecular mechanism of its active metabolites is unknown. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the therapeutic properties of ginsenosides both in vivo and in vitro, with an emphasis on the different molecular agents comprising receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, as well as the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Siddiqi
- Korean Ginseng Center & Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea
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Liu YR, Huang RQ, Xiao BK, Yang JY, Dong JX. (1)H NMR metabolic profiling analysis offers evaluation of Nilestriol treatment in ovariectomised rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 387:19-34. [PMID: 24565896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nilestriol (NIL) has been applied to treat menopausal dysfunctions, yet its mechanism has remained unknown. To understand the relationship between the changes in homeostatic metabolites and ovarian oestrogen deficiency syndromes after NIL treatment, proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabonomic technologies were used to analyse a rat model of oestrogen deficiency. An orthogonal partial least-squares regression (OPLS) differentiation model was used on 12-week metabolic analyses of ovariectomised (OVX) rats treated or mock treated with NIL. Furthermore, data analysis using Chenomx software quantified results to identify the most significantly altered metabolite concentrations, allowing for metabolic explanations of the effects of NIL therapies. In this study, PLS results revealed that there are considerably distinct differences between treatment groups. Additionally, a total of 45 metabolites shown to have a high variation between groups were selected for target quantification. Using a one-way LSD ANOVA analysis, 32 metabolite concentrations were significantly altered in the OVX group. A total of 21 metabolites were altered significantly in the NIL-treatment group but later returned to normal. According to the OPLS VIP calculation, the metabolites most affected by NIL treatment were mostly involved in insulin resistance. In addition, abnormal concentration changes in lactate in the NIL-treatment group and 3-indoxylsulfate in the OVX group were observed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to address the molecular mechanism of NIL from a metabonomic perspective, and, more specifically, to establish a catalogue of endo-molecular changes effected by NIL in the regulation of oestrogen deficiency disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Rd, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Rong-Qing Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Bing-Kun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jian-Yun Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jun-Xing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Rd, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Wang P, Wei X, Zhang F, Yang K, Qu C, Luo H, He L. Ginsenoside Rg1 of Panax ginseng stimulates the proliferation, odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation and gene expression profiles of human dental pulp stem cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:177-183. [PMID: 24075212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play an important role in the dentin formation, reparation and tooth tissue engineering. This study investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. [³H]-thymidine incorporation assay and cell cycle analysis were applied to investigate the proliferation of hDPSCs after the treatment of ginsenoside Rg1. Immunocytochemistry analysis and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were performed to evaluate the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Gene and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were detected by FQ-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Roche Nimblegen Whole Human Genome Expression profile microarray was used to detected representative gene expression profiles of hDPSCs by ginsenoside Rg1. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly increased hDPSCs proliferation (p<0.05). Gene expressions of DSPP, ALP, OCN, BMP-2, FGF2 and protein expressions of BMP-2 and FGF2 were increased compared with the untreated group (p<0.05). Gene expression profile analysis revealed that 2059 differentially expressed genes were detected by ginsenoside Rg1. Ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs through alteration of gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huiqiong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Longzhu He
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Kim SK, Park JH. Trends in ginseng research in 2010. J Ginseng Res 2013; 35:389-98. [PMID: 23717084 PMCID: PMC3659559 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 470 papers directly related to research on the Panax species were retrieved by performing internet searches with the keywords Panax and ginseng as the search terms. The publications were categorized as follows: 399 research articles, 30 reviews, 30 meeting abstracts, 7 proceedings, and 4 letters. The majority of these publications were published by scientists from Korea (35.7%), China (32.3%), and the USA (11.3%). Scientists from a total of 29 nations were actively involved in conducting ginseng research. A total of 43.6% of the publications were categorized as pharmacodynamic studies. The effects of ginseng on cerebrovascular function and cancer were the two most common topics considered in the pharmacodynamic studies. More than half of the ginseng studies assessed the use of P. ginseng. A total of 23 countries participated in studies specifically related to P. ginseng, and more than 80% of these studies originated from Korea and China. A total of 50 topics within the pharmacodynamics category were examined in association with the use of P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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Jia M, Nie Y, Cao DP, Xue YY, Wang JS, Zhao L, Rahman K, Zhang QY, Qin LP. Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Da-Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xue
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie-Si Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Chen B, Li XD, Liu DX, Wang H, Xie P, Liu ZY, Hou GQ, Chang B, Du SX. Canonical Wnt signaling is required for Panax notoginseng saponin-mediated attenuation of the RANKL/OPG ratio in bone marrow stromal cells during osteogenic differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1029-34. [PMID: 22818895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are known to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In the present study, we investigated whether PNS could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are implicated in BMSCs osteogenesis. We found that PNS enhanced the mRNA expression of OPG, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 while decreased the mRNA expression of RANKL and PPARγ2. The actions of PNS on BMSCs were reversed (or partially) by DKK-1, a classical inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results suggest that PNS stimulating bone formation by promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and could also protect the skeletal system by decreasing bone resorption through reduction of RANKL/OPG expression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Chang Ping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Jia XH, Wang CQ, Liu JH, Li XW, Wang X, Shang MY, Cai SQ, Zhu S, Komatsu K. Comparative studies of saponins in 1-3-year-old main roots, fibrous roots, and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, and identification of different parts and growth-year samples. J Nat Med 2012; 67:339-49. [PMID: 22843418 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenosides R1, R4, Fa, and K (N-R1, N-R4, N-Fa, and N-K), as well as ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg2 and Rh1 (G-Rg1, G-Rb1, G-Rd, G-Re, G-Rf, G-Rg2 and G-Rh1) in 47 Notoginseng samples including 1-, 2- and 3-year-old main roots, rhizomes and fibrous roots of Panax notoginseng were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method. Total contents (%) of the 11 saponins were 9.82-14.57 for 2-year old and 14.20-16.00 for 3-year-old rhizomes; 2.72-4.50 for 2-year-old and 1.98-4.92 for 3-year-old fibrous roots; 1.75-3.05 for 1-year-old whole roots; and 3.71-8.98 for 2-year-old and 7.03-11.23 for 3-year-old main roots. Contents of most saponins and total content of 11 saponins were in the order 3- >2- >1-year-old main root samples. G-Rf content, sum of G-Rf and G-Rh1 were, respectively, 0.08-0.18 and 0.14-0.32 for 2- or 3-year-old rhizomes, and 0.01-0.07 and 0.03-0.10 for 2- or 3-year-old main roots. Combined contents of N-R1, G-Rg1 and G-Rb1 were 5.78-9.37 in 3-year-old main roots, and 2.99-7.13 in 2-year-old main roots, of which nearly one-third of samples were lower than the limit (5 %) in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Those of 2- or 3-year-old fibrous roots (1.47-3.83) and 1-year-old whole roots (1.41-2.44) were much lower than the limit, and were considered not suitable for use as Notoginseng. Two-year-old main roots are not appropriate for collection as Notoginseng. Different parts and growth years of P. notoginseng can be identified from each another according to differences in saponin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Jia
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Pharmacological evaluation of LiuWei Zhuanggu Granules in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:8001-9. [PMID: 22759913 PMCID: PMC6268013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many commonly consumed foods, herbs and spices contain a complex array of naturally occurring bioactive molecules called phytochemicals, which may confer health benefits. In this study, the impact of LiuWei Zhuanggu Granules (LWZGG) on mineral metabolism in osteopenia development was evaluated. Results showed that serum estrogen, bone gla protein (BGP), and calcitonin (CT) levels, bone Ca, Zn and Cu levels, femur, lumbar vertebrae and trabecular bone density, tibia maximum stress and maximum bending strength were increased, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum and urine Ca, Zn and Cu levels were decreased in rat bone. It can be concluded that LWZGG is useful to improve bone quality in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
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Wang P, Wei X, Zhou Y, Wang YP, Yang K, Zhang FJ, Jiang R. Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells in vitro. Aust Dent J 2012; 57:157-65. [PMID: 22624755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into odontoblasts and play an important role in dentine formation and reparation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs. METHODS hDPCs were incubated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L). The effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferative ability of hDPCs were evaluated by a fibroblast colony forming test, MTT assay and flow cytometry for cell cycle. The control group, osteogenic induction group, ginsenoside Rg1 (5 μmol/L) group and combination group were designed, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and FQ-PCR for gene expressions of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1) were performed to evaluate the differentiation of hDPCs. RESULTS The proliferative ability of hDPCs in ginsenoside Rg1 was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), especially in the ginsenoside Rg1 (5 μmol/L) group. ALP activity and gene expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were increased in the induction group, ginsenoside Rg1 group, and their combination group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao X, Wu ZX, Zhang Y, Yan YB, He Q, Cao PC, Lei W. Anti-osteoporosis activity of Cibotium barometz extract on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1083-1088. [PMID: 21782010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recent research has confirmed that Cibotium barometz could inhibits osteoclast formation with no affect on BMM cell viability. However, the influence of Cibotium barometz on osteoporosis in animals is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study is to systemically investigate the effects of Cibotium barometz extract (CBE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of Seventy-two 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into sham-operated group and five ovariectomized (OVX) groups: OVX with vehicle; OVX with 17β-estradiol (E2, 25 μg/kg/day); OVX with CBE of graded doses (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of E2 or CBE began 4 weeks after the surgery and lasted for 16 weeks. Bone mass, bone turnover and strength were analyzed by DEXA, biochemical markers and three-point bending test. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was evaluated by MicroCT. RESULTS CBE prevented total BMD decrease in the femur induced by OVX, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling, as was evidenced by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers, such as osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatese (ALP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and urinary Ca and P excretions. The treatment could also enhance the bone strength and prevent the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that Cibotium barometz extract might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhao
- Department of Orthopeadics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No 17 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Li XD, Wang JS, Chang B, Chen B, Guo C, Hou GQ, Huang DY, Du SX. Panax notoginseng saponins promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:268-74. [PMID: 21167926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is the main effective component of Panax notoginseng, have various pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogen-like bioactivities, have been shown to be an effective agent on anti-osteoporosis. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a crucial homeostatic role in skeletal modeling and remodeling due to their capability to differentiate into osteooblasts. Whether PNS has effect on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs are unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of PNS on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS When BMSCs cultivated in the basal medium or the osteogenic induction medium (OS with or without PNS), cell proliferation was analyzed using an MTT assay, the mineralization was assessed using Alizarin red S staining, the alkaline phosphatase activity was measured using a commercial kit, the mRNA level of osteogenic gene and PPARγ2 gene were determined using RT-PCR, the protein level of PPARγ2 was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS BMSCs cultured in the basal medium with PNS caused a significant increase in proliferation. PNS treatment increased ALP activity, Alizarin red S staining and mRNA level of ALP, Cbfa 1, OC, and BSP, whereas decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of PPARγ2 during osteogenic induction. In addition, the effects of PNS treatment were dose-dependent relationship. CONCLUSION PNS could stimulate BMSCs proliferation and promote their osteogenic differentiation by up-regulation expression of osteogenic marker gene and down-regulation expression of adipogenic marker gene in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, PNS may play an important therapeutic role in osteoporosis patients by improving osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Chang Ping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Li XD, Chang B, Chen B, Liu ZY, Liu DX, Wang JS, Hou GQ, Huang DY, Du SX. Panax notoginseng saponins potentiate osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells by modulating gap junction intercellular communication activities. Cell Physiol Biochem 2010; 26:1081-92. [PMID: 21220939 DOI: 10.1159/000323986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Chinese medicinal herb, Panax notoginseng, has long been used to treat bone fractures and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could promote bone formation. We investigated the effects of PNS on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and osteogenesis-associated genes in rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Our MTT assays demonstrated that PNS enhanced BMSC proliferation under basal medium culture in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays and alizarin Red staining showed that PNS stimulated ALP activity and calcium deposition by BMSCs. Measurement of the traversing of Lucifer yellow through intercellular junctions revealed that PNS significantly stimulated GJIC activities. RT-PCR assays further showed that PNS augmented the increase in the mRNA levels of ALP, core-binding factor a1, and bone sialoprotein while decreasing the mRNA level of PPARγ2. PNS also reduced RANKL levels and increased osteoprotegerin levels. Gap junction inhibitor, 18a-glycyrrhetinic acid, could partially reverse the actions of PNS on BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PNS could promote osteogenesis of BMSCs by targeting osteogenesis-associated genes, which could be mediated by their actions on GJIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-dong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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