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Beneficial Effects of Bauhinia rufa Leaves on Oxidative Stress, Prevention, and Treatment of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8790810. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8790810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease worldwide, associated with oxidative stress and the development of several other diseases. Bauhinia rufa (Bong.) Steud. is a native Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plant popularly used for the treatment of obesity. In this context, we investigated the chemical composition of the methanolic extract of B. rufa leaves (MEBr) and evaluated the antioxidant activity and its impact on the prevention and treatment of obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD 60%). Additionally, the acute oral toxicity of MEBr was evaluated. In MEBr, 17 glycosylated compounds were identified, including myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, coumaroyl, cyanoglucoside, and megastigmane. In vitro, MEBr showed antioxidant activity in different methods: DPPH•, ABTS•+, FRAP, iron-reducing power, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, and inhibition of DNA fragmentation. In human erythrocytes, MEBr increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Under oxidative stress, MEBr reduced oxidative hemolysis, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels generated in erythrocytes. Mice treated acutely with MEBr (2000 mg/kg) showed no signs of toxicity. During 90 days, the mice received water or MEBr simultaneously with HFD for induction of obesity. At this stage, MEBr was able to reduce the gain of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) and prevent the increase of MDA in the heart and brain. After 180 days of HFD for obesity induction, mice that received MEBr simultaneously with HFD (HFD-MEBr) in the last 60 days of treatment (120-180 days) showed a reduction of retroperitoneal and mesenteric WAT deposits and MDA levels in the heart, liver, kidney, and brain, compared to the HFD-Control group. These effects of MEBr were similar to mice treated with sibutramine (HFD-Sibutramine, 2 mg/kg). Combined, the results show that compounds from the leaves of B. rufa affect controlling oxidative stress and actions in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Thus, associated oxidative stress reduction and body composition modulation, in obese people, can contribute to the prevention of obesity-related comorbidities and improve quality of life.
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Tsiokanos E, Cartabia A, Tsafantakis N, Lalaymia I, Termentzi A, Miguel M, Declerck S, Fokialakis N. The Metabolic Profile of Anchusa officinalis L. Differs According to Its Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070573. [PMID: 35888697 PMCID: PMC9319164 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchusa officinalis (L.) interacts with various microorganisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Recently, the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 has been shown to modulate the metabolome of A. officinalis. However, little information is available on the impact that different AMF species may have on primary and secondary plant metabolites. In this study, four AMF species belonging to the genus Rhizophagus (R. irregularis MUCL 41833, R. intraradices MUCL 49410, R. clarus MUCL 46238, R. aggregatus MUCL 49408), were evaluated for their potential to modulate A. officinalis metabolome under controlled semi-hydroponic cultivation conditions. An untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using UHPLC-HRMS followed by a multivariate data analysis. Forty-two compounds were reported to be highly modulated in relation to the different AMF associations. Among them, six new secondary metabolites were tentatively identified including two acetyl- and four malonyl- phenylpropanoid and saponin derivatives, all presenting a common substitution at position C-6 of the glycosidic moiety. In addition, an enhanced accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites was observed for R. irregularis and R. intraradices, showing a stronger effect on A. officinalis metabolome compared to R. clarus and R. aggregatus. Therefore, our data suggest that different AMF species may specifically modulate A. officinalis metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsiokanos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.C.); (I.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsafantakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.C.); (I.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicolology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Miguel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.C.); (I.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107274524
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Tan J, Cheng Y, Wang S, Li J, Ren H, Qiao Y, Li Q, Wang Y. The Chemical Constituents of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus and Their Inhibitory Effect on α-Glucosidase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:3045. [PMID: 35630524 PMCID: PMC9143591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our current investigation, 37 constituents (1-37), including 11 megastigmanes (1-11), 17 flavonoids (12-28) and 9 phenylpropanoids (29-37), were isolated from a 70%-EtOH extract of Diaphragma juglandis Fructus. Among them, compounds 1-3, 12 and 29 were new compounds and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence and meticulous spectroscopic analysis (NMR, HRESIMS and CD). Compounds 13, 16, 21 and 28 showed moderate inhibitory effect on α-glycosidase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values being in the range of 29.47-54.82 µM and stronger than the positive control (acarbose, 60.01 ± 4.82 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Tan
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Yangang Cheng
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Shihui Wang
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Jianli Li
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Haiqin Ren
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Yuanbiao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Qingshan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yingli Wang
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
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Cayona R, Creencia E. Phytochemicals of Euphorbia hirta L. and Their Inhibitory Potential Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:801401. [PMID: 35187071 PMCID: PMC8855059 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.801401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia hirta L. is a medicinal plant widely used in the Philippines and across tropical Asia against various diseases, including respiratory disorders. In this study, the phytochemical components of E. hirta were investigated in silico for their potential to inhibit the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drug target that plays a critical role in the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. Phytochemical mining in tandem with virtual screening (PM-VS) was the strategy implemented in this study, which allows efficient preliminary in silico assessment of the COVID-19 therapeutic potential of the reported phytochemicals from the plant. The main rationale for considering E. hirta in the investigation was its reported efficacy against respiratory disorders. It is very promising to investigate the phytochemicals of E. hirta for their potential efficacy against diseases, such as COVID-19, that also target the respiratory system. A total of 298 E. hirta phytochemicals were comprehensively collected from the scientific literature. One hundred seventy of these phytochemicals were computed through molecular docking and were shown to have comparable or better binding properties (promising inhibitors) toward SARS-CoV-2 Mpro than known in vitro inhibitors. In connection to our previous work considering different medicinal plants, antiviral compounds were also rediscovered from the phytochemical composition of E. hirta. This finding provides additional basis for the potential of the plant (or its phytochemicals) as a COVID-19 therapeutic directly targeting drug targets such as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and/or addressing respiratory-system-related symptoms. The study also highlights the utility of PM-VS, which can be efficiently implemented in the preliminary steps of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruel Cayona
- *Correspondence: Ruel Cayona, ; Evelyn Creencia,
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Sugimoto S. The Chemical Constituents of Uninvestigated Plants in Hiroshima Prefecture. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:215-220. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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