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Chaturvedi T, Gupta AK, Shanker K, Dubey BK, Tiwari G. Maximizing genetic gain through unlocking genetic variation in different ecotypes of kalmegh ( Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nee). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042222. [PMID: 36420038 PMCID: PMC9677111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as kalmegh is among the most popular medicinal herbs in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated for medicinal purposes. The bioactive molecule, Andrographolide accumulated in herb leaves has immense therapeutic and economic potential. However, comprehensive information regarding genetic diversity is very limited in this species. The present study assessed genetic diversity between and within the six populations (ecotypes) of twenty-four kalmegh accessions using multiple datasets (agro-morphological traits, phytochemical traits, and genic markers). This is the established report where EST-SSR (Expressed sequence tags-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers have been used to unlock genetic variation in kalmegh. Here, we identified and developed ninety-one metabolic pathway-specific EST-SSR markers. Finally, 32 random EST-SSR primer pairs were selected for genetic diversity assessment. Multivariate analysis to unveil the agro-morphological, phytochemical and genotypic variability was helpful in discriminating various germplasms studied in the present study. Among all the morphological discriptors used in present study, days to fifty percent flowering and dry herb yield were found as potential selection index for AP genetic improvement. Hierarchical cluster analysis built with agro-morphological data identified three major groups. However, corresponding analysis with phytochemical and molecular data generated two clear-cut groups among the studied individuals. Moreover, the grouping of individuals into different clusters using multiple datasets was geographically independent, and also showed inconsistency in grouping among agromorphological, phytochemical and molecular dataset based clusters. However, joint analysis using agro-morphological, phytochemical and genotypic information generated two genetic groups, which could be a valuable resource for identifying complementary crossing panels in the kalmegh breeding program. The accessions AP7, AP13, AP5, AP3 belong to cluster I and accessions AP17, AP18 belong to cluster II could be utilized as potential donors for high dry herb yield and andrographolide content, respectively in different selective breeding programs of AP. Thus, our results provided useful information about the overall genetic diversity and variation in economic traits useful for initiating selective breeding programs for contrasting traits of interest and maximizing genetic gain in kalmegh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Chaturvedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Phytochemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basant Kumar Dubey
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Tiwari
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sreedevy K, Praseetha P. Evaluation of Dasapushpagritham: An Ayurvedic formulation on L929 cell line through in vitro approach. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Doi H, Matsui T, Dijkstra JM, Ogasawara A, Higashimoto Y, Imamura S, Ohye T, Takematsu H, Katsuda I, Akiyama H. Andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, induces apoptosis in monocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma cells via augmentation of reactive oxygen species production. F1000Res 2022; 10:542. [PMID: 35528957 PMCID: PMC9069414 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53595.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Andrographolide (Andro) is a diterpenoid component of the plant
Andrographis paniculata that is known for its anti-tumor activity against a variety of cancer cells. Methods: We studied the effects of Andro on the viability of the human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 and the human multiple myeloma cell line H929. Andro was compared with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and vincristine (VCR), which are well-established therapeutics against hematopoietic tumors. The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for the toxicity of each agent was investigated by using an inhibitor of ROS production, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Results: Andro reduced the viability of THP-1 and H929 in a concentration-dependent manner. H929 viability was highly susceptible to Andro, although only slightly susceptible to Ara-C. The agents Andro, Ara-C, and VCR each induced apoptosis, as shown by cellular shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and increases in annexin V-binding, caspase-3/7 activity, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Whereas Ara-C and VCR increased the percentages of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively, Andro showed little or no detectable effect on cell cycle progression. The apoptotic activities of Andro were largely suppressed by NAC, an inhibitor of ROS production, whereas NAC hardly affected the apoptotic activities of Ara-C and VCR. Conclusions: Andro induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in monocytic leukemia THP-1 and multiple myeloma H929 cells, underlining its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating hematopoietic tumors. The high toxicity for H929 cells, by a mechanism that is different from that of Ara-C and VCR, is encouraging for further studies on the use of Andro against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Doi
- Field of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taei Matsui
- Field of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Johannes M. Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogasawara
- Field of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Seiji Imamura
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Field of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Itsuro Katsuda
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Akiyama
- Field of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
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Li CC, Yen CC, Fan CT, Chuang WT, Huang CS, Chen HW, Lii CK. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide suppresses adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and AMPK-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li Y, Lin HX, Wang J, Yang J, Lai CJS, Wang X, Ma BW, Tang JF, Li Y, Li XL, Guo J, Gao W, Huang LQ. Glucosyltransferase Capable of Catalyzing the Last Step in Neoandrographolide Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2018; 20:5999-6002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Xin Lin
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Wei Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Fu Tang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
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Raghavan R, Cheriyamundath S, Madassery J. Exploring the mechanisms of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory property of andrographolide and its derivatives. Pharmacogn Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_47_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cheriyamundath S, Raghavan R, Banerji A, Klika KD, Ulrich C, Owen RW, Madassery J. Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Effects of (Z)-Ethylidene-4, 6-Dimethoxycoumaran-3-One from
Pogostemon Quadrifolius (Benth.). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1783-1790. [PMID: 28749106 PMCID: PMC5648380 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the major cytotoxic principle from plant leaves of Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) and evaluate its antiproliferative potential against human cancer cells. Plant leaves were extracted sequentially with a soxhlet apparatus, using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol solvents. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts exhibited antiproliferative properties against Caco-2, HeLa, THP-1, MCF-7 and Jurkat E6-1cancer cell lines tested, but methanol extracts failed to exhibit such activity. The major antiproliferative principle from petroleum ether and chloroform extracts was isolated with the help of bioassay guided column chromatography. This cytotoxic compound was further analysed by UV, TLC, HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR analyses and was identified to be novel: (Z)-ethylidene-4,6-dimethoxycoumaran-3-one (Compound 1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for proliferation (IC50) exhibited by compound 1 were 19.4, 23.1, 22.1, 35.9 and 8.32 µM against Caco-2, HeLa, THP-1, MCF-7 and Jurkat E6-1 cancer cell lines, respectively. Further experiments revealed that compound 1 triggered the apoptosis mode of cell death in cancer cell lines. Thus, the present study allowed isolation and identification of a novel cytotoxic natural compound, (Z)-ethylidene-4,6-dimethoxycoumaran-3-one, from plant leaves of P. quadrifolius (Benth.). Our pre-clinical study also indicated that compound 1 is particularly active in the acute T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat E6-1) with potential for application as a chemotherapeutic agent in the future.
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Nantajit D, Jetawattana S, Suriyo T, Grdina DJ, Satayavivad J. Andrographis paniculata Diterpenoids Protect against Radiation-Induced Transformation in BALB/3T3 Cells. Radiat Res 2017; 188:66-74. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14698.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danupon Nantajit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimol Jetawattana
- Academic Service Unit, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David J. Grdina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Tan HK, Muhammad TST, Tan ML. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide induces DDIT3-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy in T-47D breast carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 300:55-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Misra RC, Garg A, Roy S, Chanotiya CS, Vasudev PG, Ghosh S. Involvement of an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase in tissue-specific accumulation of specialized diterpenes in Andrographis paniculata. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 240:50-64. [PMID: 26475187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ent-labdane-related diterpene (ent-LRD) specialized (i.e. secondary) metabolites of the medicinal plant kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) have long been known for several pharmacological activities. However, our understanding of the ent-LRD biosynthetic pathway has remained largely incomplete. Since ent-LRDs accumulate in leaves, we carried out a comparative transcriptional analysis using leaf and root tissues, and identified 389 differentially expressed transcripts, including 223 transcripts that were preferentially expressed in leaf tissue. Analysis of the transcripts revealed various specialized metabolic pathways, including transcripts of the ent-LRD biosynthetic pathway. Two class II diterpene synthases (ApCPS1 and ApCPS2) along with one (ApCPS1') and two (ApCPS2' and ApCPS2″) transcriptional variants that were the outcomes of alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA and alternative transcriptional termination, respectively, were identified. ApCPS1 and ApCPS2 encode for 832- and 817-amino acids proteins, respectively, and are phylogenetically related to the dicotyledons ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases (ent-CPSs). The spatio-temporal patterns of ent-LRD metabolites accumulation and gene expression suggested a likely role for ApCPS1 in general (i.e. primary) metabolism, perhaps by providing precursor for the biosynthesis of phytohormone gibberellin (GA). However, ApCPS2 is potentially involved in tissue-specific accumulation of ent-LRD specialized metabolites. Bacterially expressed recombinant ApCPS2 catalyzed the conversion of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), the general precursor of diterpenes to ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP), the precursor of ent-LRDs. Taken together, these results advance our understanding of the tissue-specific accumulation of specialized ent-LRDs of medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Chemical Sciences Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Garg A, Agrawal L, Misra RC, Sharma S, Ghosh S. Andrographis paniculata transcriptome provides molecular insights into tissue-specific accumulation of medicinal diterpenes. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:659. [PMID: 26328761 PMCID: PMC4557604 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) has been widely exploited in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and health disorders. Ent-labdane-related diterpene (ent-LRD) specialized (i.e., secondary) metabolites of kalmegh such as andrographolide, neoandrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, are known for variety of pharmacological activities. However, due to the lack of genomic and transcriptomic information, underlying molecular basis of ent-LRDs biosynthesis has remained largely unknown. To identify candidate genes of the ent-LRD biosynthetic pathway, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis using leaf and root tissues that differentially accumulate ent-LRDs. Results De novo assembly of Illumina HiSeq2000 platform-generated paired-end sequencing reads resulted into 69,011 leaf and 64,244 root transcripts which were assembled into a total of 84,628 unique transcripts. Annotation of these transcripts to the Uniprot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) databases identified candidate transcripts of the ent-LRD biosynthetic pathway. These included transcripts that encode enzymes of the plastidial 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway which provides C5 isoprenoid precursors for the ent-LRDs biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, class II diterpene synthase (diTPS), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glycosyltransferase. Three class II diTPSs (ApCPS1, ApCPS2 and ApCPS3) that showed distinct tissue-specific expression profiles and are phylogenetically related to the dicotyledon ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases, are identified. ApCPS1, ApCPS2 and ApCPS3 encode for 832-, 817- and 797- amino acids proteins of 55–63 % identity, respectively. Spatio-temporal patterns of transcripts and ent-LRDs accumulation are consistent with the involvement of ApCPS1 in general (i.e., primary) metabolism for the biosynthesis of phytohormone gibberellin, ApCPS2 in leaf specialized ent-LRDs biosynthesis and ApCPS3 in root diterpene biosynthesis. Moreover, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that might assist in genotyping and developing specific chemotypes were identified in transcripts of the specialized metabolic pathways, including ent-LRDs. Conclusions Comparative analysis of root and leaf transcriptomes disclosed novel genes of the ent-LRD biosynthetic pathway, including three class II diTPSs that showed discrete spatio-temporal expression patterns; thus, suggesting their participation into distinct diterpene metabolic pathways of kalmegh. Overall, these results will be useful in understanding molecular basis of the medicinal ent-LRDs biosynthesis and developing breeding strategies for improving their yields. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1864-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Garg
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Shubha Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Lee S, Morita H, Tezuka Y. Preferentially Cytotoxic Constituents of Andrographis paniculata and their Preferential Cytotoxicity against Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our search for anticancer agents based on a novel anti-austerity strategy, we found that the 70% EtOH extract of the crude drug Andrographis Herba (aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata), used in Japanese Kampo medicines, killed PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells preferentially in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Phytochemical investigation of the 70% EtOH extract led to the isolation of 21 known compounds consisting of six labdane-type diterpenes (11, 15, 17-19, 21), six flavones (5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 20), three flavanones (2, 6, 16), two sterols (3, 8), a fatty acid (1), a phthalate (4), a triterpene (9), and a monoterpene (13). Among them, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (17) displayed the most potent preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 and PSN-1 cells with PC50 values of 10.0 μM and 9.27 μM, respectively. Microscopical observation, double staining with ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO), and flow cytometry with propidium iodide/annexin V double staining indicated that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (17) triggered apoptosis-like cell death in NDM with an amino acids and/or serum-sensitive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullim Lee
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3, Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920–1181, Japan
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Aromdee C. Andrographolide: progression in its modifications and applications - a patent review (2012 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 24:1129-38. [PMID: 25231887 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.956084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extraction, isolation and modifications of andrographolide (Androg) is extensively investigated and patented. The prominent activities were vastly modified for anticancer and antivirals. Many products related to Androg are commercially available, thus the section 'Interaction of Androg and Andrographis paniculata dried extract with drugs' is included. AREAS COVERED The data in this review are searched and selected from SciFinder and Espacenet for the patents, with the keywords: Andrographolide and Andrographolide analogs, and the results were refined by the years. EXPERT OPINION Modifications of Androg have been done to nearly all of the possible sites, and now screening tests for any new activities had been settled down. Categorizing the analogs that have been developed is not clear cut since some diseases can develop into others, for example, inflammation and some viral infections can develop into cancer. Currently, investigation of the mode of action and the mechanisms at the molecular level are intensively ongoing. Producing new chemotherapeutic agents from Androg looks promising. The main problem of using Androg in therapeutic applications is its insolubility in aqueous media. Those modified analogs' esters, ethers or salts, have to be considered for the stability of pharmaceutical preparations, and transformation in biological fluids after administration. Further stages of drug development are required for those promising analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantana Aromdee
- Khon Kaen University, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 123 Mitraparp Rd, Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002 , Thailand +66 043 362095 ; +66 043 202379 ;
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