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Chan YM, Lu BW, Zhang WH, Chan KC, Fang J, Luo HY, Du J, Zhao ZZ, Chen HB, Dong C, Xu J. Impact of Sulfur Fumigation on the Chemistry of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese Yam). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21293-21304. [PMID: 37332814 PMCID: PMC10269262 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese yam; derived from the rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) (DR), commonly consumed as a food or supplement, is often sulfur-fumigated during post-harvest handling, but it remains largely unknown if and how sulfur fumigation impacts the chemistry of DR. In this study, we report the impact of sulfur fumigation on the chemical profile of DR and then the molecular and cellular mechanisms potentially involved in the chemical variations induced by sulfur fumigation. The results show that sulfur fumigation significantly and specifically changed the small metabolites (molecular weight lower than 1000 Da) and polysaccharides of DR at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Multifaceted molecular and cellular mechanisms involving chemical transformations (e.g., acidic hydrolysis, sulfonation, and esterification) and histological damage were found to be responsible for the chemical variations in sulfur-fumigated DR (S-DR). The research outcomes provide a chemical basis for further comprehensive and in-depth safety and functional evaluations of sulfur-fumigated DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui-Man Chan
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bo-Wen Lu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi
University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zhang
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kam-Chun Chan
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Fang
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Han-Yan Luo
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi
University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- Institute
of Ben Cao Gang Mu, Beijing University of
Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department
of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, China
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Osman A, Chittiboyina AG, Avula B, Ali Z, Adams SJ, Khan IA. Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:163-219. [PMID: 37392312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utility of herbal products has been rising considerably worldwide, including both developed and developing countries, leading to the rapid growth of their availability in the United States and globally. This substantial increase in consumption of herbal products has witnessed the emergence of adverse effects upon oral administration of certain of these products, and thus has raised safety concerns. The adverse effects caused by the consumption of certain botanical medicines occur primarily as a result of the poor quality of plant raw materials or the finished products, which inherently may affect safety and/or efficacy. The poor quality of some herbal products can be attributed to a lack of proper quality assurance and quality control. A high demand for herbal products that surpasses production, combined with a desire for maximizing profits, along with a lack of rigorous quality control within some manufacturing facilities have led to the emergence of quality inconsistencies. The underlying causes for this involve the misidentification of plant species, or their substitution, adulteration, or contamination with harmful ingredients. Analytical assessments have revealed there to be frequent and significant compositional variations between marketed herbal products. The inconsistency of the quality of herbal products can be ascribed essentially to the inconsistency of the botanical raw material quality used to manufacture the products. Thus, the quality assurance and the quality control of the botanical raw materials is may contribute significantly to improving the quality and consistency of the quality of the end products. The current chapter focuses on the chemical evaluation of quality and consistency of herbal products, including botanical dietary supplements. Different techniques, instruments, applications, and methods used in identifying, quantifying, and generating chemical fingerprints and chemical profiles of the ingredients of the herbal products will be described. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques available will be addressed. Limitations of the other approaches including morphological or microscopic analysis and DNA-based analysis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Osman
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Dos Santos Morais MA, Fonseca KS, de Medeiros RA, de Andrada LVP, Saraiva RDA, Ferreira-Silva SL, Alves de Lima AL, do Nascimento Simões A. Use of the abrasion technique in minimal processing as an alternative to increase purchase acceptability and minimize browning in yam. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:121-131. [PMID: 34060085 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the sensory acceptance, oxidative damage and protection, and possible anatomical-structural damage of cells from the surface of shapes of minimally processed yam. The tubers were minimally processed into the peeled rondelle, dice and 'chateau cut' (chateau) shapes, the latter of which was obtained after performing the abrasion technique. Control treatment corresponded to the rondelle shape with the periderm. The pieces were kept packed at 5 ± 2 °C for 14 days. RESULTS Peeled rondelle and chateau were sensorially the most well-accepted yam shapes and achieved the highest purchase intention. The enzymes were partially modulated by the detected H2 O2 levels. Oxidative burst lasted longer in the minimally processed tissues than in the control. Polyphenol oxidase activity showed a clear difference in behavior between the minimally processed pieces and the control. Minimal processing induced transient increases in phenolic compounds, for which the expression was lowest in the abraded pieces. On the other hand, these pieces exhibited greater cell collapse on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the trained panel, the abrasion technique is an alternative to provide shapes that are better accepted and marketable, more resistant to browning, and can be stored for up to 12 days. Resistance to browning may be related to a more efficient modulation of enzymatic antioxidant systems and intense deposition of cell debris on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelem Silva Fonseca
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Alves de Medeiros
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério de Aquino Saraiva
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Alves de Lima
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Adriano do Nascimento Simões
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
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Epping J, Laibach N. An underutilized orphan tuber crop-Chinese yam : a review. PLANTA 2020; 252:58. [PMID: 32959173 PMCID: PMC7505826 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The diversification of food crops can improve our diets and address the effects of climate change, and in this context the orphan crop Chinese yam shows significant potential as a functional food. As the effects of climate change become increasingly visible even in temperate regions, there is an urgent need to diversify our crops in order to address hunger and malnutrition. This has led to the re-evaluation of neglected species such as Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.), which has been cultivated for centuries in East Asia as a food crop and as a widely-used ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. The tubers are rich in nutrients, but also contain bioactive metabolites such as resistant starches, steroidal sapogenins (like diosgenin), the storage protein dioscorin, and mucilage polysaccharides. These health-promoting products can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and disorders of the gut microbiome. Whereas most edible yams are tropical species, Chinese yam could be cultivated widely in Europe and other temperate regions to take advantage of its nutritional and bioactive properties. However, this is a laborious process and agronomic knowledge is fragmented. The underground tubers contain most of the starch, but are vulnerable to breaking and thus difficult to harvest. Breeding to improve tuber shape is complex given the dioecious nature of the species, the mostly vegetative reproduction via bulbils, and the presence of more than 100 chromosomes. Protocols have yet to be established for in vitro cultivation and genetic transformation, which limits the scope of research. This article summarizes the sparse research landscape and evaluates the nutritional and medical applications of Chinese yam. By highlighting the potential of Chinese yam tubers, we aim to encourage the adoption of this orphan crop as a novel functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Epping
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Natalie Laibach
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Strock CF, Lynch JP. Root secondary growth: an unexplored component of soil resource acquisition. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:205-218. [PMID: 32588876 PMCID: PMC7523590 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite recent progress in elucidating the molecular basis of secondary growth (cambial growth), the functional implications of this developmental process remain poorly understood. Targeted studies exploring how abiotic and biotic factors affect this process, as well as the relevance of secondary growth to fitness of annual dicotyledonous crop species under stress, are almost entirely absent from the literature. Specifically, the physiological role of secondary growth in roots has been completely neglected yet entails a unique array of implications for plant performance that are distinct from secondary growth in shoot tissue. SCOPE Since roots are directly responsible for soil resource capture, understanding of the fitness landscape of root phenotypes is important in both basic and applied plant biology. Interactions between root secondary growth, edaphic conditions and soil resource acquisition may have significant effects on plant fitness. Our intention here is not to provide a comprehensive review of a sparse and disparate literature, but rather to highlight knowledge gaps, propose hypotheses and identify opportunities for novel and agriculturally relevant research pertaining to secondary growth of roots. This viewpoint: (1) summarizes evidence from our own studies and other published work; (2) proposes hypotheses regarding the fitness landscape of secondary growth of roots in annual dicotyledonous species for abiotic and biotic stress; and (3) highlights the importance of directing research efforts to this topic within an agricultural context. CONCLUSIONS Secondary growth of the roots of annual dicots has functional significance with regards to soil resource acquisition and transport, interactions with soil organisms and carbon sequestration. Research on these topics would contribute significantly toward understanding the agronomic value of secondary growth of roots for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Strock
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Xia W, Zhang B, Xing D, Li Y, Wu W, Xiao Y, Sun J, Dou Y, Tang W, Zhang J, Huang X, Xu Y, Xie J, Wang J, Huang D. Development of high-resolution DNA barcodes for Dioscorea species discrimination and phylogenetic analysis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10843-10853. [PMID: 31624585 PMCID: PMC6787845 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Dioscorea is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and is economically important in terms of food supply and pharmaceutical applications. However, DNA barcodes are relatively unsuccessful in discriminating between Dioscorea species, with the highest discrimination rate (23.26%) derived from matK sequences. In this study, we compared genic and intergenic regions of three Dioscorea chloroplast genomes and found that the density of SNPs and indels in intergenic sites was about twice and seven times higher than that of SNPs and indels in the genic regions, respectively. A total of 52 primer pairs covering highly variable regions were designed and seven pairs of primers had 80%-100% PCR success rate. PCR amplicons of 73 Dioscorea individuals and assembled sequences of 47 Dioscorea SRAs were used for estimating intraspecific and interspecific divergence for the seven loci: The rpoB-trnC locus had the highest interspecific divergence. Automatic barcoding gap discovery (ABGD), Poisson tree processes (PTP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescence (GMYC) analysis were applied for species delimitation based on the seven loci and successfully identified the majority of species, except for species in the Enantiophyllum section. Phylogenetic analysis of 51 Dioscorea individuals (28 species) showed that most individuals belonging to the same species tended to cluster in the same group. Our results suggest that the variable loci derived from comparative analysis of plastid genome sequences could be good DNA barcode candidates for taxonomic analysis and species delimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Dan Xing
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Ying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research InstituteCATASWenchangChina
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Environment and Plant Protection InstituteCATASHaikouChina
| | - Yajing Dou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Wenqi Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Jun Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Jihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic ImprovementCrops Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
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Techen N, Parveen I, Khan IA. A single molecular marker to distinguish between species of Dioscorea. Genome 2016; 60:201-207. [PMID: 28092170 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yams are species of the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae), which consists of approximately 630 species. The majority of the world production of yams occurs in Africa with 58.8 million t annually, but they are also produced in the Americas and Asia. The saponins in yams have been reported to possess various properties to improve health. The tuber and aerial parts of various species often share morphological similarities, which can cause problems in the proper identification of sample material. For example, the rootstocks and aerial parts of Dioscorea villosa L. share similarities with Dioscorea polystachia Turcz. Dioscorea bulbifera L. may be mistaken for Dioscorea alata L. owing to similar morphologies. Various molecular analyses have been published to help with the identification of species and varieties within the genus Dioscorea. The multi-loci or single-locus analysis has resulted in varying success, some with only a limited discrimination rate. In the present study, a single nuclear genomic region, biparentally inherited, was analyzed for its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification and discrimination between D. bulbifera, D. villosa, D. nipponica, D. alata, D. caucasica, and D. deltoidea samples. The results of this study show that the LFY genomic region can be useful as a molecular marker to distinguish between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Techen
- a National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, MS 38677, USA
| | - Iffat Parveen
- a National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- a National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, MS 38677, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Raman V, Horner HT, Khan IA. New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:721-730. [PMID: 25139563 PMCID: PMC5584367 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate crystals in higher plants occur in five major forms namely raphides, styloids, prisms, druses and crystal sand. The form, shape and occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in plants are species- and tissue-specific, hence the presence or absence of a particular type of crystal can be used as a taxonomic character. So far, four different types of needle-like raphide crystals have been reported in plants. The present work describes two new and unusual forms of raphide crystals from the tubers of Dioscorea polystachya--six-sided needles with pointed ends (Type V) and four-sided needles with beveled ends (Type VI). Both of these new types of needles are distinct from the other four types by each having a surrounding membrane that envelopes a bundle of 10-20 closely packed thin crystalline sheets. The previously known four types of needles have solid or homogenous crystalline material, surrounded by a membrane or lamellate sheath called a crystal chamber. Only the Type VI crystals have beveled ends and the needles of the other five types have pointed ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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