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Chemical Characterization and Metabolic Profiling of the Compounds in the Chinese Herbal Formula Li Chang Decoction by UPLC-QTOF/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1322751. [PMID: 35463075 PMCID: PMC9020952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1322751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Li Chang decoction (LCD), a Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinics. Purpose This study aimed to identify the major components in LCD and its prototype and metabolic components in rat biological samples. Methods The chemical constituents in LCD were identified by establishing a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method. Afterwards, the rats were orally administered with LCD, and the biological samples (plasma, urine, and feces) were collected for further analyzing the effective compounds in the treatment of UC. Result A total of 104 compounds were discriminated in LCD, including 26 flavonoids, 20 organic acids, 20 saponins, 8 amino acids, 5 oligosaccharides, 5 tannins, 3 lignans, 2 alkaloids, and 15 others (nucleosides, glycosides, esters, etc.). About 50 prototype and 94 metabolic components of LCD were identified in biological samples. In total, 29 prototype components and 22 metabolic types were detected in plasma. About 27 prototypes and 96 metabolites were discriminated in urine, and 34 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified in feces. Conclusion The flavonoids, organic acids, and saponins were the major compounds of LCD, and this study promotes the further pharmacokinetic and pharmacological evaluation of LCD.
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Eldahshan OA, Elshanawany MA, Efferth T, Singab ANB. The pharmacology of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae): An updated review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153070. [PMID: 31514082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) represents one of the important medicinal plant genera regarding its chemical constituents and outstanding pharmacological activities. PURPOSE In this review, we surveyed the latest findings on the bioactivities of different Sophora extracts and isolated phytochemicals during the past 8 years (2011-2019) updating the latest review article in 2011. The aim of this review is to focus on the molecular pharmacology of Sophora species to provide the rationale basis for the development of novel drugs. RESULTS Sophora and its bioactive compounds possess outstanding pharmacological properties, especially as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs, in addition to its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. CONCLUSION Based on their use in traditional medicine, Sophora species exert a plethora of cellular and molecular activities, which render them as attractive candidates for rationale drug development. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required for further integration of Sophora-based phototherapies into conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang J, Li L, Tan J, Song X, Chen D, Xu J, Ding G. Variations in the Components and Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities ofStyphnolobium japonicum(L.)Schott Extract during Flower Maturity Stages. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800504. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Long‐Yun Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Xu‐Hong Song
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Xia Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica No. 34 Nanshan Road, Nan‘an, Chongqing 400065 P. R. China
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Integrated Metabolomics and Morphogenesis Reveal Volatile Signaling of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02749-17. [PMID: 29453265 PMCID: PMC5930339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02749-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The adjustment of metabolic patterns is fundamental to fungal biology and plays vital roles in adaptation to diverse ecological challenges. Nematode-trapping fungi can switch their lifestyle from saprophytic to pathogenic by developing specific trapping devices induced by nematodes to infect their prey as a response to nutrient depletion in nature. However, the chemical identity of the specific fungal metabolites used during the switch remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that these important signal molecules might be volatile in nature. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to carry out comparative analysis of fungal metabolomics during the saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles of the model species Arthrobotrys oligospora. Two media commonly used in research on this species, cornmeal agar (CMA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA), were chosen for use in this study. The fungus produced a small group of volatile furanone and pyrone metabolites that were associated with the switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic stage. A. oligospora fungi grown on CMA tended to produce more traps and employ attractive furanones to improve the utilization of traps, while fungi grown on PDA developed fewer traps and used nematode-toxic furanone metabolites to compensate for insufficient traps. Another volatile pyrone metabolite, maltol, was identified as a morphological regulator for enhancing trap formation. Deletion of the gene AOL_s00079g496 in A. oligospora led to increased amounts of the furanone attractant (2-fold) in mutants and enhanced the attractive activity (1.5-fold) of the fungus, while it resulted in decreased trap formation. This investigation provides new insights regarding the comprehensive tactics of fungal adaptation to environmental stress, integrating both morphological and metabolomic mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Nematode-trapping fungi are a unique group of soil-living fungi that can switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic lifestyle once they come into contact with nematodes as a response to nutrient depletion. In this study, we investigated the metabolic response during the switch and the key types of metabolites involved in the interaction between fungi and nematodes. Our findings indicate that A. oligospora develops multiple and flexible metabolic tactics corresponding to different morphological responses to nematodes. A. oligospora can use similar volatile furanone and pyrone metabolites with different ecological functions to help capture nematodes in the fungal switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic lifestyle. Furthermore, studies with A. oligospora mutants with increased furanone and pyrone metabolites confirmed the results. This investigation reveals the importance of volatile signaling in the comprehensive tactics used by nematode-trapping fungi, integrating both morphological and metabolomic mechanisms.
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ruan J, Chen Q, Li J, Guo Y, Han L, Wang T. Isobenzofuranones from the aerial parts of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Wild.) Beauv. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:66-72. [PMID: 29074227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation to obtain new triglyceride (TG) accumulation inhibitors resulted in the isolation of six new isobenzofuranones, leontopodiols A (1), B (2), leontopodiosides C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6), together with three known ones (7-9) from the aerial parts of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. The structures of these isolates were identified by routine NMR experiments, optical rotation determination, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, along with chemical reaction. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, 5, and 7-9 displayed TG accumulation inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Li J, Hao H, Guo N, Wang N, Hao Y, Luan Y, Chen K, Huang X. Solubility and thermodynamic properties of maltol in different pure solvents. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bioactive constituents from the whole plants of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Wild.) Beauv. J Nat Med 2017; 72:202-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bioactive flavonoids from Flos Sophorae. J Nat Med 2017; 71:513-522. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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He X, Bai Y, Zhao Z, Wang X, Fang J, Huang L, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Local and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Sophora japonica L.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:160-182. [PMID: 27085938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora japonica (Fabaceae), also known as Huai (Chinese: ), is a medium-sized deciduous tree commonly found in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other countries. The use of this plant has been recorded in classical medicinal treatises of ancient China, and it is currently recorded in both the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia. The flower buds and fruits of S. japonica, also known as Flos Sophorae Immaturus and Fructus Sophorae in China, are most commonly used in Asia (especially in China) to treat hemorrhoids, hematochezia, hematuria, hematemesis, hemorrhinia, uterine or intestinal hemorrhage, arteriosclerosis, headache, hypertension, dysentery, dizziness, and pyoderma. To discuss feasible trends for further research on S. japonica, this review highlights the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of S. japonica based on studies published in the last six decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the S. japonica was collected from major scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), and "Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo (http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp)" for publications between 1957 and 2015 on S. japonica. Information was also obtained from local classic herbal literature, government reports, conference papers, as well as PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS Approximately 153 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, amino acids, and other compounds, have been isolated from the leaves, branches, flowers, buds, pericarps, and/or fruits of S. japonica. Among these compounds, several flavonoids and isoflavonoids comprise the active constituents of S. japonica, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-osteoporotic, antioxidant, radical scavenging, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, antitumor, and hemostatic effects. Furthermore, flavonoids and isoflavonoids can be used as quality control markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety of S. japonica is very limited, so further study is required. To enable safer, more effective, and controllable therapeutic preparations, more in-depth information is urgently needed on the quality control, toxicology data, and clinical value of crude extract and active compounds of S. japonica. CONCLUSIONS S. japonica has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its wide range of biological activities, and is administered orally. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of S. japonica have increased in the past few years, and the extract and active components of this plant can be used to develop new drugs based on their traditional application as well as their biological activities. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of S. japonica offers promising data for further studies as well as the commercial exploitation of this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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