A new biflavonoid and a new triterpene from the leaves of Garcinia paucinervis and their biological activities

Identification and bioactivity evaluation of twelve previously undescribed depsidone derivatives from Garcinia oligantha

Phytochemical studies on the leaves and twigs of Garcinia oligantha Merr. led to the isolation of twelve previously undescribed depsidone derivatives (oliganthdepsidones A-L, 1-12). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY along with HRESIMS. The structures of oliganthdepsidones G and J were finally determined using DFT-NMR chemical shift calculations and DP4+ methods. Cytotoxicity test in four human cancer cell lines indicated that oliganthdepsidone F had relatively strong cytotoxic effect against A375 (melanoma), A549 (lung cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with IC50 of 18.71, 15.44, 10.92, and 15.90 μM, respectively. The dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative effects of oliganthdepsidone F on these cell lines were also observed by CCK-8 test. As determined by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry in these cell lines, oliganthdepsidone F could promote cell apoptosis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. The results of wound healing assay and transwell assay showed that oliganthdepsidone F could inhibit the migration and invasion of A549 and MCF-7 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner.

Antiproliferative polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Garcinia paucinervis

Bioassay-guided isolation of the stems of Garcinia paucinervis led to one new adamantane-type polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), (-)-garpauvinin A (1), and four known analogues (2-5). The structure and absolute configuration of 1 was established via spectroscopic techniques and ECD method. All the isolates displayed moderate antiproliferative activity against HL-60, PC-3 and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.81 to 19.92 μM, and exhibited low toxicity on WPMY-1 normal human cells, showing selectivity between normal and malignant prostate cells. The biosynthetic pathways of the isolated PPAPs were proposed.

Cytotoxic xanthones from Garcinia pedunculata fruits

Eight previously undescribed and seven known xanthones were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. The structures were identified by a variety of spectroscopic methods as well as by comparison with the literature. The isolates showed appreciable cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines (HepG2, A549, and MCF-7). Pedunculaxanthone G exhibited inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12.41, 16.51, and 15.45 μM against the cancer cell lines and induced cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors from the aerial parts of Chamaecrista pumila (Lam.) K. Larsen

One new compound, 4,7-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dimethoxyanthraquinone (1), along with eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Chamaecrista pumila (Lam.) K. Larsen. Their chemical structure was determined based on spectroscopic data interpretation and comparison with the reported data. The inhibitory effects of them on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were performed. The results showed that compounds 4, 6, 8, and 9 against potent α-glucosidase with the inhibition values of 98.14 ± 0.05, 98.19 ± 0.04, 97.01 ± 0.49, 84.43 ± 0.6% at 50 µM, respectively. Compounds 4 and 6 displayed significance against α-amylase at 200 µM with inhibition values of 22.35 ± 1.10 and 60.47 ± 0.91%.

Triterpene Derivatives from Garcinia oligantha and Their Anti-Cancer Activity

Phytochemical investigations of leaves and twigs from Garcinia oligantha Merr. resulted in the isolation of five undescribed triterpene derivatives (1-5) and six known analogs (6-11). Their structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data and high-resolution mass spectra analyses. Compounds 1-11 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG-2, and MCF-7). Compounds 1, 2, 8, and 11 exhibited broad and significant cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.04 to 21.55 μM. Compounds 5 and 9 showed cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.22 to 19.62 μM. The preliminary structure-activity relationship for the 11 isolated compounds is also discussed.

Proceedings of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Synthesis of Biflavonoids

Biflavonoids, composed of two monoflavonoid residues, occur naturally in angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms. More than 592 biflavonoids have been structurally elucidated, and they can be classified into two groups of C-C and C-linear fragments-C, based on whether the linker between the two residues contains an atom. As the linker can be established on two arbitrary rings from different residues, the C-C type contains various subtypes, as does the C-linear fragment-C type. Biflavonoids have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and cytotoxic properties, and they can be applied in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review mainly summarizes the distribution and chemistry of biflavonoids; additionally, their bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and synthesis are discussed.

New depsidone and dichromone from the stems of Garcinia paucinervis with antiproliferative activity

A new depsidone, paucinervin Q (1), a new dichromone, paucinervin R (2), and a known compound, paucinervin B (3), were isolated from the stems of Garcinia paucinervis by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. The isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines HL-60, PC-3 and CaCo-2. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activities.