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Logesh R, Prasad SR, Chipurupalli S, Robinson N, Mohankumar SK. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: A path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188968. [PMID: 37657683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin containing melanin pigment acts as a protective barrier and counteracts the UVR and other environmental stressors to maintain or restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. The production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels. L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can serve both as a substrates and intermediates of melanin synthetic pathway and as inducers and positive regulators of melanogenesis. The biosynthesis of melanin is stimulated upon exposure to UVR, which can also stimulate local production of hormonal factors, which can stimulate melanoma development by altering the chemical properties of eu- and pheomelanin. The process of melanogenesis can be altered by several pathways. One involves activation of POMC, with the production of POMC peptides including MSH and ACTH, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, which activates the MITF, and helps to stimulate tyrosinase (TYR) expression and activity. Defects in OCA1 to 4 affects melanogenic activity via posttranslational modifications resulting in proteasomal degradation and reducing pigmentation. Further, altering, the MITF factor, helps to regulate the expression of MRGE in melanoma, and helps to increase the TYR glycosylation in ER. CRH stimulates POMC peptides that regulate melanogenesis and also by itself can stimulate melanogenesis. The POMC, P53, ACTH, MSH, MC1R, MITF, and 6-BH4 are found to be important regulators for pigmentation. Melanogenesis can affect melanoma behaviour and inhibit immune responses. Therefore, we reviewed natural products that would alter melanin production. Our special focus was on targeting melanin synthesis and TYR enzyme activity to inhibit melanogenesis as an adjuvant therapy of melanotic melanoma. Furthermore, this review also outlines the current updated pharmacological studies targeting the TYR enzyme from natural sources and its consequential effects on melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sagar Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Varadaraja Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Pharmacy, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Sathya R, Valan Arasu M, Ilavenil S, Rejiniemon T, Vijayaraghavan P. Cosmeceutical potentials of litchi fruit and its by-products for a sustainable revalorization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Sombatsri A, Sribuhom T, Pornchoo C, Prawan A, Yenjai C. Five new quinoline alkaloids from Sauropus hirsutus Beille and their cytotoxicity. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:361-368. [PMID: 34507517 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1976174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the whole plant of Sauropus hirsutus Beille led to the isolation of eight quinolines and two known flavonoids. Furthermore, five quinolines were new, two were reported in plant for the first time and one was known. Cytotoxicity evaluation against cholangiocarcinoma, KKU-M156, showed that the most active compound was 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyquinaldine (IC50 20.54 ± 6.82 µM) which was a little more active than the cisplatin standard (IC50 24.39 ± 1.14 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonnicha Sombatsri
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thurdpong Sribuhom
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Pornchoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Aimvijarn P, Payuhakrit W, Charoenchon N, Okada S, Suwannalert P. Riceberry Rice Germination and UVB Radiation Enhance Protocatechuic Acid and Vanillic Acid to Reduce Cellular Oxidative Stress and Suppress B16F10 Melanogenesis Relating to F-Actin Rearrangement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:484. [PMID: 36771569 PMCID: PMC9920603 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet type B (UVB) radiation plays an important role in hyperpigmentation disorder, which induces cellular oxidative stress and causes abnormal melanin production and secretion. The stress condition plays an essential role in actin polymerization relating to F-actin rearrangement and forms dendrite to send melanin pigment to the uppermost layer of the skin. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that mainly synthesize under stress conditions to protect plants from harmful environments and have been reported as effective agents in anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenesis. However, the influence of phenolic compounds on F-actin rearrangement-associated dendrite formation has not been studied so far. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the enhancing phytophenolic targets in riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) germination and UVB radiation (RR-GR) to suppress melanogenesis relating to F-rearrangement. As a result, the RR-GR had the potential to enhance phenolic acids such as protocatechuic and vanillic acid, which have been proven to possess anti-oxidant activity and anti-tyrosinase properties. Riceberry rice's modification showed the potential to reduce cellular oxidative stress and suppress B16F10 melanogenesis relating to F-actin rearrangement that is associated with dendrite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichaya Aimvijarn
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Witchuda Payuhakrit
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nisamanee Charoenchon
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010378. [PMID: 36615571 PMCID: PMC9822343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin-a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin-a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
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Inhibitory Effect of Avenanthramides (Avn) on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanogenesis in α-MSH-Activated SK-MEL-2 Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157814. [PMID: 34360580 PMCID: PMC8345984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin causes melasma, freckles, age spots, and chloasma. Anti-melanogenic agents can prevent disease-related hyperpigmentation. In the present study, the dose-dependent tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Avenanthramide (Avn)-A-B-C was demonstrated, and 100 µM Avn-A-B-C produced the strongest competitive inhibition against inter-cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Avn-A-B-C inhibits the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, such as TRP1 and 2. Molecular docking simulation revealed that AvnC (−7.6 kcal/mol) had a higher binding affinity for tyrosinase than AvnA (−7.3 kcal/mol) and AvnB (−6.8 kcal/mol). AvnC was predicted to interact with tyrosinase through two hydrogen bonds at Ser360 (distance: 2.7 Å) and Asn364 (distance: 2.6 Å). In addition, AvnB and AvnC were predicted to be skin non-sensitizers in mammals by the Derek Nexus Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship system.
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Sagara T, Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Nehira T, Masuda K, Otsuka H, Matsunami K. Isolation of Three New Diterpenes from Dodonaea viscosa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:40-47. [PMID: 33390520 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into the methanol extracts obtained from the stems of Dodonaea viscosa led to the isolation of one nor-clerodane diterpene (1) and two labdane diterpenes (2, 3), as well as 17 known compounds (4-20). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical and spectral evidence. The stereochemical structure of the nor-clerodane diterpene was confirmed via its circular dichroism spectrum and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectrum. Isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on collagenase and tyrosinase. Since 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (9) showed collagenase inhibitory activity and scopoletin (12) had significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity, they were considered to be good candidates for cosmetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sagara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazuma Masuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Damghani T, Hadaegh S, khoshneviszadeh M, Pirhadi S, Sabet R, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N. Design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking study of N'-Arylidene imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine -2-carbohydrazide derivatives as novel Tyrosinase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Bakhshizadeh P, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide Derivatives Acting as Tyrosinase Inhibitors with Potentiate Anti-Melanogenesis Activities. Med Chem 2020; 16:892-902. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190724142951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Melanogenesis is a process of melanin synthesis, which is a primary response
for the pigmentation of human skin. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes a ratelimiting
step of the melanin formation. Natural products have shown potent inhibitors, but some of
these possess toxicity. Numerous synthetic inhibitors have been developed in recent years may
lead to the potent anti– tyrosinase agents.
Objective:
A number of 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide analogues with related structure
to chalcone and tyrosine were constructed with various substituents at the benzyl ring of the molecule
and evaluate as a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, computational analysis and metal chelating
potential have been evaluated.
Methods:
Design and synthesized compounds were evaluated for activity against mushroom tyrosinase.
The metal chelating capacity of the potent compound was examined using the mole ratio
method. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was carried out into the tyrosine active
site.
Results:
Novel 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized. The two
compounds 4c and 4g showed an IC50 near the positive control, led to a drastic inhibition of tyrosinase.
Confirming in vitro results were performed via the molecular docking analysis demonstrating
hydrogen bound interactions of potent compounds with histatidine-Cu+2 residues with in
the active site. Kinetic study of compound 4g showed competitive inhibition towards tyrosinase.
Metal chelating assay indicates the mole fraction of 1:2 stoichiometry of the 4g-Cu2+ complex.
Conclusion:
The findings in the present study demonstrate that 4-Hydroxy-N'-
methylenebenzohydrazide scaffold could be regarded as a bioactive core inhibitor of tyrosinase
and can be used as an inspiration for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Bakhshizadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhou Z, Cao R, Hu D, Liu J. Characterization of the complete plastid genome sequence of Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. (Phyllanthaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine plant. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:3510-3511. [PMID: 33458222 PMCID: PMC7782493 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1828002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. is a well-known folk medicinal plant and found abundantly in South China. The complete chloroplast genome of B. fruticosa reported firstly here was 155,630 bp in length, including a large single-copy region with 85,065 bp (LSC), a small single-copy region with 19,441 bp (SSC) and a pair of inverted repeats with 25, 562 bp (IRa and IRb). The plastome was comprised of 112 distinct genes, with 78 protein coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 30 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of B. fruticose chloroplast genome was 36.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. fruticosa was closely related to Glochidion fruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruilan Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongnan Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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He XL, Lv JJ, Wang X, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Cao K, Liu LL, Xu Y. The identification and isolation of anti-inflammatory ingredients of ethno medicine Breynia fruticosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111894. [PMID: 31026555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Breynia fruticosa is a folk medicine in China, traditionally used to treat gastroenteritis, sore throat, eczema and arthritis. However, the bioactive ingredients are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify and isolate the anti-inflammatory ingredients of B. fruticosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS B. fruticosa extracts were fractioned by Amberchrom CG161M and Toyopearl HW40C resins. Acetic acid-induced capillary permeability mice model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammation activities of fractions. The anti-inflammatory ingredients were identified by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). On-line two dimensional liquid chromatography system was constructed to remove the tannins and enrich the breynins. The breynins were purified by preparative HPLC and evaluated for their anti-arthritis activities using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis rats model. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory ingredients of B. fruticosa are sulfur containing sesquiterpenoids (breynins). The on-line two dimensional preparative liquid chromatography system can effectively remove the tannins and enrich the bioactive ingredients in large scale within 1 h. Four major breynins were purified, and their structures were elucidated by analysis of MS and NMR data. Breynins can significantly prevent the rats' arthritis deterioration, with inhibition ratio 50% at dose 0.2 mg kg-1, comparable with that of indomethacin at dose 2 mg kg-1. CONCLUSION The breynins have strong anti-arthritis activities, which is responsible to the anti-inflammatory effects of B. fruticosa. However, breynins are also toxic components of B. fruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Jun-Jiang Lv
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
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