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Mandalari G, Pennisi R, Gervasi T, Sciortino MT. Pistacia vera L. as natural source against antimicrobial and antiviral resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396514. [PMID: 39011148 PMCID: PMC11246903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased global research is focused on the development of novel therapeutics to combat antimicrobial and antiviral resistance. Pistachio nuts represent a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals (carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins). The phytochemicals found in pistachios are structurally diverse compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral potential, demonstrated as individual compounds, extracts and complexed into nanoparticles. Synergistic effects have also been reported in combination with existing drugs. Here we report an overview of the antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio nuts: studies show that Gram-positive bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are the most susceptible amongst bacteria, whereas antiviral effect has been reported against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Amongst the known pistachio compounds, zeaxanthin has been shown to affect both HSV-1 attachment penetration of human cells and viral DNA synthesis. These data suggest that pistachio extracts and derivatives could be used for the topical treatment of S. aureus skin infections and ocular herpes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Li R, Han Q, Li X, Liu X, Jiao W. Natural Product-Derived Phytochemicals for Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2371. [PMID: 38792236 PMCID: PMC11124286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) viruses are prone to antigenic mutations and are more variable than other influenza viruses. Therefore, they have caused continuous harm to human public health since the pandemic in 2009 and in recent times. Influenza A (H1N1) can be prevented and treated in various ways, such as direct inhibition of the virus and regulation of human immunity. Among antiviral drugs, the use of natural products in treating influenza has a long history, and natural medicine has been widely considered the focus of development programs for new, safe anti-influenza drugs. In this paper, we focus on influenza A (H1N1) and summarize the natural product-derived phytochemicals for influenza A virus (H1N1) prevention and treatment, including marine natural products, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, polysaccharides, and derivatives of natural products for prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus. We further discuss the toxicity and antiviral mechanism against influenza A (H1N1) as well as the druggability of natural products. We hope that this review will facilitate the study of the role of natural products against influenza A (H1N1) activity and provide a promising alternative for further anti-influenza A drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qianru Han
- Foreign Language Education Department, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China;
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Morimoto R, Isegawa Y. Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as a Functional Food: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3866. [PMID: 37893759 PMCID: PMC10606521 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus, in response to which vaccines and antiviral drugs are administered. In recent years, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have garnered attention. This review is the first to summarize the therapeutic properties of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) against influenza from a phytochemical viewpoint. Wild watermelon is a wild plant with significant potential as a therapeutic candidate in antiviral strategies, when focused on its multiple anti-influenza functionalities. Wild watermelon juice inhibits viral growth, entry, and replication. Hence, we highlight the possibility of utilizing wild watermelon for the prevention and treatment of influenza with stronger antiviral activity. Phytochemicals and phytoestrogen (polyphenol, flavonoids, and prenylated compounds) in wild watermelon juice contribute to this activity and inhibit various stages of viral replication, depending on the molecular structure. Wild plants and foods closely related to the original species contain many natural compounds such as phytochemicals, and exhibit various viral growth inhibitory effects. These natural products provide useful information for future antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Morimoto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan;
| | - Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Nakashima M, Goda N, Tenno T, Kotake A, Inotsume Y, Amaya M, Hiroaki H. Pharmacologic Comparison of High-Dose Hesperetin and Quercetin on MDCK II Cell Viability, Tight Junction Integrity, and Cell Shape. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040952. [PMID: 37107328 PMCID: PMC10135814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of tight junction (TJ) integrity with small molecules is important for drug delivery. High-dose baicalin (BLI), baicalein (BLE), quercetin (QUE), and hesperetin (HST) have been shown to open TJs in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells, but the mechanisms for HST and QUE remain unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of HST and QUE on cell proliferation, morphological changes, and TJ integrity. HST and QUE were found to have opposing effects on the MDCK II cell viability, promotion, and suppression, respectively. Only QUE, but not HST, induced a morphological change in MDCK II into a slenderer cell shape. Both HST and QUE downregulated the subcellular localization of claudin (CLD)-2. However, only QUE, but not HST, downregulated CLD-2 expression. Conversely, only HST was shown to directly bind to the first PDZ domain of ZO-1, a key molecule to promote TJ biogenesis. The TGFβ pathway partially contributed to the HST-induced cell proliferation, since SB431541 ameliorated the effect. In contrast, the MEK pathway was not involved by both the flavonoids, since U0126 did not revert their TJ-opening effect. The results offer insight for using HST or QUE as naturally occurring absorption enhancers through the paracellular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nakashima
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Natsuko Goda
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- BeCerllBar, LLC, Business Incubation Building, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kotake
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuko Inotsume
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minako Amaya
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- BeCerllBar, LLC, Business Incubation Building, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Gifu, Japan
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Ricci A, Roviello GN. Exploring the Protective Effect of Food Drugs against Viral Diseases: Interaction of Functional Food Ingredients and SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and HSV. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020402. [PMID: 36836758 PMCID: PMC9966545 DOI: 10.3390/life13020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex network of processes inside the human immune system provides resistance against a wide range of pathologies. These defenses form an innate and adaptive immunity, in which certain immune components work together to counteract infections. In addition to inherited variables, the susceptibility to diseases may be influenced by factors such as lifestyle choices and aging, as well as environmental determinants. It has been shown that certain dietary chemical components regulate signal transduction and cell morphologies which, in turn, have consequences on pathophysiology. The consumption of some functional foods may increase immune cell activity, defending us against a number of diseases, including those caused by viruses. Here, we investigate a range of functional foods, often marketed as immune system boosters, in an attempt to find indications of their potential protective role against diseases caused by viruses, such as the influenza viruses (A and B), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in some cases mediated by gut microbiota. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the protective effects of some functional foods and their molecular constituents. The main message of this review is that discovering foods that are able to strengthen the immune system can be a winning weapon against viral diseases. In addition, understanding how the dietary components function can aid in the development of novel strategies for maintaining human bodily health and keeping our immune systems strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ricci
- Studio Nutrizione e Benessere, Via Giuseppe Verdi 1, 84043 Agropoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area Di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812203415
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Morimoto R, Matsubara C, Hanada A, Omoe Y, Ogata T, Isegawa Y. Effect of Structural Differences in Naringenin, Prenylated Naringenin, and Their Derivatives on the Anti-Influenza Virus Activity and Cellular Uptake of Their Flavanones. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121480. [PMID: 36558931 PMCID: PMC9785311 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and antiviral drugs are widely used to treat influenza infection. However, they cannot rapidly respond to drug-resistant viruses. Therefore, new anti-influenza virus strategies are required. Naringenin is a flavonoid with potential for new antiviral strategies. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects of naringenin derivatives and examined the relationship between their cellular uptake and antiviral effects. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were infected with the A/PR/8/34 strain and exposed to the compound-containing medium for 24 h. The amount of virus in the supernatant was calculated using focus-forming reduction assay. Antiviral activity was evaluated using IC50 and CC50 values. Cells were exposed to a constant concentration of naringenin or prenylated naringenin, and intracellular uptake and distribution were evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. Prenylated naringenin showed strong anti-influenza virus effects, and the amount of intracellular uptake was revealed by the strong intracellular fluorescence. In addition, intracellular distribution differed depending on the position of the prenyl group. The steric factor of naringenin is deeply involved in influenza A virus activity, and prenyl groups are desirable. Furthermore, the prenyl group affects cellular affinity, and the uptake mechanism differs depending on its position. These results provide important information on antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Morimoto
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsubara
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akari Hanada
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuta Omoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tokutaro Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Hyogo, Japan
- Correspondence:
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