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Bhatia H, Ghosh B, Debroye E. Colloidal FAPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals for light emission: what's going on? JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:13437-13461. [PMID: 36324302 PMCID: PMC9521414 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc01373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanomaterials have been widely explored in diverse optoelectronic applications. Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have recently been an excellent addition to the field of nanomaterials, promising an enticing building block in the field of light emission. In addition to the notable optoelectronic properties of perovskites, the colloidal NCs exhibit unique size-dependent optical properties due to the quantum size effect, which makes them highly attractive for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the past few years, perovskite-based LEDs (PeLEDs) have demonstrated a meteoritic rise in their external quantum efficiency (EQE) values, reaching over 20% so far. Among various halide perovskite compositions, FAPbBr3 and its variants remain one of the most interesting and sought-after compounds for green light emission. This review focuses on recent progress in the design and synthesis protocols of colloidal FAPbBr3 NCs and the emerging concepts in tailoring their surface chemistry. The structural and physicochemical features of lead halide perovskites along with a comprehensive discussion on their defect-tolerant properties are briefly outlined. Later, the prevalent synthesis, ligand, and compositional engineering strategies to boost the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of FAPbBr3 NCs are extensively discussed. Finally, the fundamental concepts and recent progress on FAPbBr3-based LEDs, followed by a discussion of the challenges and prospects that are on the table for this enticing class of perovskites, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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Ouyang J, Wu F, Zhao X, Yang X. Regulating the Crystallinity and Self-Aggregation of Fused Ring Electron Acceptors via Branched Side-Chain Engineering for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201769. [PMID: 35674332 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning the crystallinity and self-aggregation features of donors/acceptor materials toward high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) is of crucial importance. Here, a convenient yet effective way to simultaneously control the crystallinity and self-aggregation of the fused ring electron acceptor (FREA) is demonstrated by altering the length of the first-position branched alkyl chain on the cyclic unit. Specifically, three carbazole-based FREAs, 4TC-4F-C6C6, 4TC-4F-C8C8, and 4TC-4F-C10C10, are synthesized by changing the length of the first-position branched alkyl chain on the carbazole unit. The crystallinity of the studied acceptors decreases as the branched alkyl chain is lengthened. The ability of the acceptors to undergo self-aggregation decreases in the order 4TC-4F-C10C10, 4TC-4F-C6C6, and 4TC-4F-C8C8. The medium crystallinity and lower self-aggregation properties of 4TC-4F-C8C8 result in favorable phase separation when blended with poly-[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PM6), which is conducive to effective exciton dissociation and charge transport. Consequently, the OSC device based on PM6:4TC-4F-C8C8 delivers the best power conversion efficiency of 14.85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Hofstadler
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
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Sharma A, Singh R, Kini GP, Hyeon Kim J, Parashar M, Kim M, Kumar M, Kim JS, Lee JJ. Side-Chain Engineering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Hole-Transport Materials to Realize High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7405-7415. [PMID: 33534549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a stable and efficient hole-transport material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most demanding research areas. At present, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) is a commonly used HTM in the fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs; however, its complicated synthesis, addition of a dopant in order to realize the best efficiency, and high cost are major challenges for the further development of PSCs. Herein, various diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecules were synthesized with the same backbone but distinct alkyl side-chain substituents (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl-, n-hexyl-, ((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-, and (2-((2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)acetamide, designated as D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4, respectively) as HTMs. The variation in the alkyl chain has shown obvious effects on the optical and electrochemical properties as well as on the molecular packing and film-forming ability. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC under one sun illumination (100 mW cm-2) is shown to increase in the order of D-1 (8.32%) < D-2 (11.12%) < D-3 (12.05%) < D-4 (17.64%). Various characterization techniques reveal that the superior performance of D-4 can be ascribed to the well-aligned highest occupied molecular orbital energy level with the counter electrode, the more compact π-π stacking with a higher coherence length, and the excellent hole mobility of 1.09 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, thus providing excellent energetics for effective charge transport with minimal charge-carrier recombination. Furthermore, the addition of the dopant Li-TFSI in D-4 is shown to deliver a remarkable PCE of 20.19%, along with a short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) of 22.94 mA cm-2, 1.14 V, and 73.87%, respectively, and superior stability compared to that of other HTMs. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of side-chain engineering for tailoring the properties of HTMs, thus offering new design tactics to fabricate for the synthesis of highly efficient and stable HTMs for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gururaj P Kini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mritunjaya Parashar
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Ternary solvent-processed efficient organic solar cells based on a new A-DA′D-A acceptor derivative employing the 3rd-position branching side chains on pyrroles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Side chain engineering investigation of non-fullerene acceptors for photovoltaic device with efficiency over 15%. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Song J, Ye L, Li C, Xu J, Chandrabose S, Weng K, Cai Y, Xie Y, O'Reilly P, Chen K, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Hodgkiss JM, Liu F, Sun Y. An Optimized Fibril Network Morphology Enables High-Efficiency and Ambient-Stable Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001986. [PMID: 32999853 PMCID: PMC7509652 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Morphological stability is crucially important for the long-term stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Many high-efficiency PSCs suffer from metastable morphology, resulting in severe device degradation. Here, a series of copolymers is developed by manipulating the content of chlorinated benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (T1-Cl) via a random copolymerization approach. It is found that all the copolymers can self-assemble into a fibril nanostructure in films. By altering the T1-Cl content, the polymer crystallinity and fibril width can be effectively controlled. When blended with several nonfullerene acceptors, such as TTPTT-4F, O-INIC3, EH-INIC3, and Y6, the optimized fibril interpenetrating morphology can not only favor charge transport, but also inhibit the unfavorable molecular diffusion and aggregation in active layers, leading to excellent morphological stability. The work demonstrates the importance of optimization of fibril network morphology in realizing high-efficiency and ambient-stable PSCs, and also provides new insights into the effect of chemical structure on the fibril network morphology and photovoltaic performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Linglong Ye
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologyand School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellington6010New Zealand
| | - Kangkang Weng
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yuanpeng Xie
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Padraic O'Reilly
- Molecular Vista Inc.6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110San JoseCA95119USA
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologyand School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellington6010New Zealand
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Justin M. Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologyand School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellington6010New Zealand
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
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Kini GP, Jeon SJ, Moon DK. Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906175. [PMID: 32020712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of low-cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large-scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low-cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up-to-date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all-small-molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single-component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low-cost and large-area OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Song J, Li C, Zhu L, Guo J, Xu J, Zhang X, Weng K, Zhang K, Min J, Hao X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Sun Y. Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency >16.5% Based on Two Compatible Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1905645. [PMID: 31736170 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A ternary structure has been demonstrated as being an effective strategy to realize high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells (OSCs); however, general materials selection rules still remain incompletely understood. In this work, two nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors 3TP3T-4F and 3TP3T-IC are synthesized and incorporated as a third component in PM6:Y6 binary blends. The photovoltaic behaviors in the resultant ternary OSCs differ significantly, despite the comparable energy levels. It is found that incorporation of 15% 3TP3T-4F into the PM6:Y6 blend results in facilitating exciton dissociation, increasing charge transport, and reducing trap-assisted recombination. All these features are responsible for the enlarged PCE of 16.7% (certified as 16.2%) in the PM6:Y6:3TP3T-4F ternary OSCs, higher than that (15.6%) in the 3TP3T-IC containing ternary devices. The performance differences are mainly ascribed to the compatibility between the third component and the host materials. The 3TP3T-4F guest acceptor exhibits an excellent compatibility with Y6, tending to form well-mixed phases in the ternary blend without disrupting the favored bicontinuous transport networks, whereas 3TP3T-IC displays a morphological incompatibility with Y6. This work highlights the importance of considering the compatibility for materials selection toward high-efficiency ternary organic OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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