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Bi X, Cao X, He T, Liang H, Yao Z, Yang J, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. What is the Limit Size of 2D Conjugated Extension on Central Units of Small Molecular Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401054. [PMID: 38488748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated extension on central units of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) has gained great successes in reaching the state-of-the-art organic photovoltaics. Whereas the limit size of 2D central planes and their dominant role in constructing 3D intermolecular packing networks are still elusive. Thus, by exploring a series of SMAs with gradually enlarged central planes, it is demonstrated that, at both single molecular and aggerated levels, there is an unexpected blue-shift for their film absorption but preferable reorganization energies, exciton lifetimes and binding energies with central planes enlarging, especially when comparing to their Y6 counterpart. More importantly, the significance of well-balanced molecular packing modes involving both central and end units is first disclosed through a systematic single crystal analysis, indicating that when the ratio of central planes area/end terminals area is no more than 3 likely provides a preferred 3D intermolecular packing network of SMAs. By exploring the limit size of 2D central planes, This work indicates that the structural profiles of ideal SMAs may require suitable central unit size together with proper heteroatom replacement instead of directly overextending 2D central planes to the maximum. These results will likely provide some guidelines for future better molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Bi X, Li S, He T, Chen H, Li Y, Jia X, Cao X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Ma W, Yao Z, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Balancing Flexible Side Chains on 2D Conjugated Acceptors Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311561. [PMID: 38546001 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Balancing the rigid backbones and flexible side chains of light-harvesting materials is crucially important to reach optimized intermolecular packing, micromorphology, and thus photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, based on a distinctive CH-series acceptor platform with 2D conjugation extended backbones, a series of nonfullerene acceptors (CH-6F-Cn) are synthesized by delicately tuning the lengths of flexible side chains from n-octyl to n-amyl. A systemic investigation has revealed that the variation of the side chain's length can not only modulate intermolecular packing modes and crystallinity but also dramatically improve the micromorphology of the active layer and eventual photovoltaic parameters of OSCs. Consequently, the highest PCE of 18.73% can be achieved by OSCs employing D18:PM6:CH-6F-C8 as light-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Chang M, Zhang C, Li N, Wang C, Sui D, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Meng L. Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency Approaching 15% by Fine-Selecting the Third Component. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300350. [PMID: 37535659 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors with mediate bandgap play a crucial role in ternary devices as the third component, further boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three F-series acceptors (F-H, F-Cl, and F-2Cl) with mediate bandgap are selected and introduced into the PM6:BDT-Br binary system as third component to find the detailed influence of end groups with chlorine (Cl) atom substitution on the performance of ternary organic solar cells. Due to the increased substitution of Cl atoms on the end groups, F-Cl and F-2Cl as guest acceptors reveal a superior ability to regulate the morphology of blend films, contributing to the ordered packing properties and high crystallinity. As a result, F-Cl and F-2Cl based ternary OSCs achieve significantly improved PCEs of 13.89% and 14.67%, respectively, compared with the binary devices (12.70%). On the contrary, F-H without Cl atom displays a poor compatibility with the host system, resulting in an inferior ternary device with a low PCE of 10.79%. This work indicates that F-series acceptors with mediate bandgap are a promising class of third component for high-performance ternary OSCs. And introducing more Cl atoms substitution on the end groups, especially F-2Cl, will own a broad applicability for other binary devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Dong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yinxia Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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4
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Tandem organic solar cells with efficiency over 19% via the careful subcell design and optimization. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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5
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Sun Y, Ma R, Kan Y, Liu T, Zhou K, Liu P, Fang J, Chen Y, Ye L, Ma C, Yan H, Gao K. Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Mechanical Durability in Ternary Solar Cells Enabled by Low-Cost Incompletely Separated Fullerenes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200139. [PMID: 35319114 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are one of the most promising application-oriented organic photovoltaic technologies due to their excellent operational and mechanical stability. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are mostly lower than 16%, restricting their core competitiveness. Furthermore, the improvement of mechanical durability is rarely paid attention to cutting-edge all-PSCs. This work deploys a low-cost "technical grade" PCBM (incompletely separated but pure mixtures containing ≥90% [70]PCBM or [60]PCBM), into the efficient PM6:PY-IT all-polymer blend, successfully yielding a high-performance ternary device with 16.16% PCE, among the highest PCE values for all-PSCs. Meanwhile, an excellent mechanical property (i.e., crack onset strain = 11.1%) promoted from 9.5% for the ternary system is also demonstrated. The "technical grade" PCBM slightly disrupts the crystallization of polymers, and disperses well into the amorphous polymer regions of the all-PSC blends, thus facilitating charge transport and improving film ductility simultaneously. All these results confirm introducing low-cost "technical grade" PCBM with high electron mobility into all-polymer blends can improve carrier mobility, reduce charge recombination, and optimize morphology of the amorphous polymer regions, thus yielding more efficient and mechanically durable all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Sun
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kan
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pengke Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yirao Chen
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Changqi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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Qiu N, Liu C, Lang H, Xu J, Su R, Jiang J, Tian J, Li J. Efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on a fluorinated small-molecule donor. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A fluorinated donor with a deep HOMO energy level enables efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailiang Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijiao Lang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Jingyang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Rui Su
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Jisen Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, China
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