1
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Chen X, Yao L, Xu S, He J, Li N, Li J, Liu B, Zhu Y, Chen X, Wang H, Zhu R. Electron transfer mediated photo-Fenton-like synergistic catalysis of Fe,Cu-doped MIL-101 coupled with Ag 3PO 4: Quantitative evaluation and DFT calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124083. [PMID: 38697244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Widespread use of tetracycline (TC) results in its persistent residue and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments, posing a high toxicity to non-target organisms. In this study, a bimetal-doped composite material Ag3PO4/MIL-101(Fe,Cu) has been designed for the treatment of TC in aqueous solutions. As the molar ratio of Fe/Cu in composite is 1:1, the obtained material AP/MFe1Cu1 is placed in an aqueous environment under visible light irradiation in the presence of 3 mM peroxydisulfate (PDS), which forms a photo-Fenton-like catalytic system that can completely degrade TC (10 mg/L) within 60 min. Further, the degradation rate constant (0.0668 min-1) is 5.66 and 7.34 times higher than that of AP/MFe and AP/MCu, respectively, demonstrating a significant advantage over single metal-doped catalysts. DFT calculations confirm the strong adsorption capacity and activation advantage of PDS on the composite surface. Therefore, the continuous photogenerated electrons (e-) accelerate the activation of PDS and the production of SO4•-, resulting in the stripping of abundant photogenerated h + for TC oxidation. Meanwhile, the internal circulation of FeⅢ/FeⅡ and CuⅡ/CuⅢ in composite also greatly enhances the photo-Fenton-like catalytic stability. According to the competitive dynamic experiments, SO4•- have the greatest contribution to TC degradation (58.93%), followed by 1O2 (23.80%). The degradation intermediates (products) identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) technique indicate the involvement of various processes in TC degradation, such as dehydroxylation, deamination, N-demethylation, and ring opening. Furthermore, as the reaction proceeds, the toxicity of the intermediates produced during TC degradation gradually decreases, which can ensure the safety of the aquatic ecosystem. Overall, this work reveals the synergy mechanism of PDS catalysis and photocatalysis, as well as provides technical support for removal of TC-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Liang Yao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China; Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Xinjiang, 735400, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Juhua He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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2
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Tang K, Shao JY, Yan Y, Zhong YW. Photoelectrochemical Cells with a Pyridine-Anchored Bilayer Photoanode for Water Splitting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6244-6252. [PMID: 38482812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A dye-sensitized photoanode is prepared by coassembling a Ru complex photosensitizer and a Ru water oxidation catalyst (WOC) on a TiO2 substrate, in which the WOC molecules are immobilized in a layer-by-layer fashion through metal-pyridine coordination with the aid of a bifunctional anchoring and bridging molecule containing multiple pyridine groups. Under visible-light irradiation, an anodic photocurrent of around 200 μA/cm2 has been achieved with O2 and H2 being generated at the photoanode and Pt counter electrode, respectively. The pyridine anchoring strategy provides a simple method to prepare photoelectrodes for applications in photoelectrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Wang J, Su Y, Li YJ, Li HW, Guo JX, Sun QQ, Hu HY, Liu YF, Jia XB, Jian ZC, Kong LY, Liu HX, Li JY, Chu H, Dou SX, Xiao Y. Nickel Nanoparticles Protruding from Molybdenum Carbide Micropillars with Carbon Layer-Protected Biphasic 0D/1D Heterostructures for Efficient Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2330-2340. [PMID: 38165730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
It remains a tremendous challenge to achieve high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for hydrogen production by water splitting. Herein, a novel hybrid of 0D nickel nanoparticles dispersed on the one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum carbide micropillars embedded in the carbon layers (Ni/Mo2C@C) was successfully prepared on nickel foam by a facile pyrolysis strategy. During the synthesis process, the nickel nanoparticles and molybdenum carbide were simultaneously generated under H2 and C2H2 mixed atmospheres and conformally encapsulated in the carbon layers. Benefiting from the distinctive 0D/1D heterostructure and the synergistic effect of the biphasic Mo2C and Ni together with the protective effect of the carbon layer, the reduced activation energy barriers and fast catalytic reaction kinetics can be achieved, resulting in a small overpotential of 96 mV for the HER and 266 mV for the OER at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 together with excellent durability in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, using the developed Ni/Mo2C@C as both the cathode and anode, the constructed electrolyzer exhibits a small voltage of 1.55 V for the overall water splitting. The novel designed Ni/Mo2C@C may give inspiration for the development of efficient bifunctional catalysts with low-cost transition metal elements for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Su
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jun-Xu Guo
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qing-Qun Sun
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi-Feng Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin-Bei Jia
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhuang-Chun Jian
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Han-Xiao Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jia-Yang Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haibin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhou X, Song P, Zeng M, Shang W, Xu YQ, Jia Z, Yang GY. Semirigid Highly Conjugated Zirconium-Organic Framework for the Capture of Micropollutants and Solar-Light Photodegradation. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-organic pollutants, particularly organic dyes and personal care products (PPCPs), are widely present in wastewater, and thus pose a serious risk to human health. The capture and solar-light photodegradation of micro-organic pollutants are highly challenging tasks, which require the design and synthesis of microporous materials with specific structures. As we know, organic dyes and PPCPs can be absorbed via π-π* stacking. In this paper, an iron-based metal-organic framework (Fe-UiO-68-terNap) containing semirigid conjugated aromatic ligands is prepared for the capture and solar-light photodegradation of multiple water contaminants. UiO-68-terNap was synthesized based on ternaphthalene with π-π* stacking, which would increase the adsorption capacities of organic micropollutants in wastewater. Additionally, the formation of Fe-O-Zr enhances the charge-separation ability resulting in the successful degradation of micropollutants in 240 min. The novel material has been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Fe K-edge XANES, which provide key insights at a molecular level for the design of novel materials for the capture and photodegradation of organic micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Panqi Song
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Muling Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Shang
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Jia
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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5
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Chen X, Yao L, He J, Li J, Xu S, Li N, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhu R. Enhanced degradation of tetracycline under natural sunlight through the synergistic effect of Ag 3PO 4/MIL-101(Fe) photocatalysis and Fenton catalysis: Mechanism, pathway, and toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131024. [PMID: 36821899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the adverse environmental and health effects of tetracycline (TC) can be efficiently reduced by encapsulating Ag3PO4 into MIL-101(Fe) to construct a Ag3PO4/MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction composite through advanced oxidation processes, such as Fenton catalysis, photocatalysis, and photo-Fenton catalysis. Notably, the reaction can be driven by natural sunlight and does not require any artificial energy source. Remarkably, the optimal degradation of TC can be achieved under different compositions of the composite system through photocatalysis and photo-Fenton catalysis. For photo-Fenton catalysis, the maximum degradation rate of TC (2.5730 min-1) is achieved when the mass ratio of MIL-101(Fe) to Ag3PO4 in the composite is 5:1, which is 31.65- and 3.12-fold of that in the Ag3PO4 + PDS + Sunlight and MIL-101(Fe) + PDS+ Sunlight catalyst systems, respectively. Moreover, the internal conversion of matrix during photocatalysis and Fenton catalysis processes inhibits the photocorrosion of Ag3PO4 and improves the reusability of the composite. Furthermore, it is found that both radical and non-radical species participate in the TC degradation. Besides, the degradation products and catalytic mechanism of Ag3PO4 and Ag3PO4/MIL-101(Fe) systems are explored. The toxicity evaluation results suggest that the intermediates produced during Ag3PO4/MIL-101(Fe) catalysis have a lower biotoxicity than those produced during Ag3PO4 catalysis. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy to inhibit the inherent photocorrosion of Ag3PO4 and establishes an efficient catalytic system for the treatment of organic-contaminated wastewater under natural sunlight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Yao
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Juhua He
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiesen Li
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Ginpie Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510670, China
| | - Song Xu
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Ning Li
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Yanping Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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6
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Tang K, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Photoelectrochemical cells with a pyridine-anchored organic dye photoanode for efficient H 2 generation by water reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6072-6075. [PMID: 37114732 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 photoelectrodes modified with organic dyes with pyridine anchoring groups are prepared, which are used as photoanodes of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for efficient water reduction with high photocurrent density and stability in aqueous solutions. Vigorous H2 generation with a production rate of around 250 μmol h-1 is realized with a photoanode of an active area of 5 × 5 cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Chen X, Xu Z, Chen J, Yao L, Xie W, He J, Li N, Li J, Xu S, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhu R. Continuous surface Z-Scheme and Schottky heterojunction Au/La2Ti2O7/Ag3PO4 catalyst with boosted charge separation through dual channels for excellent photocatalysis: Highlight influence factors regulation and catalytic system applicability. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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8
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McQueen E, Bai Y, Sprick RS. Impact of Interfaces, and Nanostructure on the Performance of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4299. [PMID: 36500922 PMCID: PMC9739915 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting, and by converting carbon dioxide into useful chemical building blocks and fuels, has been an active area of research since early reports in the 1970s. Most of the semiconductors that drive these photocatalytic processes have been inorganic semiconductors, but since the first report of carbon nitride organic semiconductors have also been considered. Conjugated materials have been relatively extensively studied as photocatalysts for solar fuels generation over the last 5 years due to the synthetic control over composition and properties. The understanding of materials' properties, its impact on performance and underlying factors is still in its infancy. Here, we focus on the impact of interfaces, and nanostructure on fundamental processes which significantly contribute to performance in these organic photocatalysts. In particular, we focus on presenting explicit examples in understanding the interface of polymer photocatalysts with water and how it affects performance. Wetting has been shown to be a clear factor and we present strategies for increased wettability in conjugated polymer photocatalysts through modifications of the material. Furthermore, the limited exciton diffusion length in organic polymers has also been identified to affect the performance of these materials. Addressing this, we also discuss how increased internal and external surface areas increase the activity of organic polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan McQueen
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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A 1,3,5-triazine and benzodithiophene based donor-acceptor type semiconducting conjugated polymer for photocatalytic overall water splitting. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Hillman SAJ, Sprick RS, Pearce D, Woods DJ, Sit WY, Shi X, Cooper AI, Durrant JR, Nelson J. Why Do Sulfone-Containing Polymer Photocatalysts Work So Well for Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution from Water? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19382-19395. [PMID: 36251010 PMCID: PMC9619400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many of the highest-performing
polymer photocatalysts
for sacrificial
hydrogen evolution from water have contained dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone units in their polymer backbones.
However, the reasons behind the dominance of this building block are
not well understood. We study films, dispersions, and solutions of
a new set of solution-processable materials, where the sulfone content
is systematically controlled, to understand how the sulfone unit affects
the three key processes involved in photocatalytic hydrogen generation
in this system: light absorption; transfer of the photogenerated hole
to the hole scavenger triethylamine (TEA); and transfer of the photogenerated
electron to the palladium metal co-catalyst that remains in the polymer
from synthesis. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical
measurements, combined with molecular dynamics and density functional
theory simulations, show that the sulfone unit has two primary effects.
On the picosecond timescale, it dictates the thermodynamics of hole
transfer out of the polymer. The sulfone unit attracts water molecules
such that the average permittivity experienced by the solvated polymer
is increased. We show that TEA oxidation is only thermodynamically
favorable above a certain permittivity threshold. On the microsecond
timescale, we present experimental evidence that the sulfone unit
acts as the electron transfer site out of the polymer, with the kinetics
of electron extraction to palladium dictated by the ratio of photogenerated
electrons to the number of sulfone units. For the highest-performing,
sulfone-rich material, hydrogen evolution seems to be limited by the
photogeneration rate of electrons rather than their extraction from
the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A J Hillman
- Department of Physics, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Drew Pearce
- Department of Physics, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Duncan J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Wai-Yu Sit
- Department of Physics, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Physics, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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11
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Mansha M, Ahmad T, Ullah N, Akram Khan S, Ashraf M, Ali S, Tan B, Khan I. Photocatalytic Water-Splitting by Organic Conjugated Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100336. [PMID: 35257485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The future challenges associated with the shortage of fossil fuels and their current environmental impacts intrigued the researchers to look for alternative ways of generating green energy. Solar-driven water splitting into oxygen and hydrogen is one of those advanced strategies. Researchers have studied various semiconductor materials to achieve potential results. However, it encountered multiple challenges such as high cost, low photostability and efficiency, and required multistep modifications. The conjugated polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for conventional inorganic semiconductors. The CPs offer low cost, sufficient light absorption efficiency, excellent photo and chemical stability, and molecular optoelectronic tunable characteristics. Furthermore, organic CPs also present higher flexibility to tune the basic framework of the backbone of the polymers, amendments in the sidechain to incorporate desired functionalities, and much-needed porosity to serve better for photocatalytic applications. This review article summarizes the recent advancements made in visible-light-driven water splitting covering the aspects of synthetic strategies and experimental parameters employed for water splitting reactions with special emphasis on conjugated polymers such as linear CPs, planarized CPs, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites (CPNCs). The current challenges and future prospects have also been described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bein Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
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