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Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Schistosomiasis Epidemic Based on Precise Identification of Oncomelania hupensis Breeding Grounds-A Case Study of Dongting Lake Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041950. [PMID: 33671375 PMCID: PMC7923101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal epidemic simulation, assessment, and risk monitoring serve as the core to establishing and improving the national public health emergency management system. In this study, we investigated Oncomelania hupensis breeding grounds and analyzed the locational and environmental preferences of snail breeding in Dongting Lake (DTL), Hunan, China. Using geographic information systems and remote sensing technology, we identified schistosomiasis risk areas and explored the factors affecting the occurrence and transmission of the disease. Several key conclusions were drawn. (1) From 2006 to 2016, the spatial change of potential O. hupensis breeding risk showed a diminishing trend from the eastern and northern regions to southwest DTL. Environmental changes in the eastern DTL region resulted in the lakeside and hydrophilic agglomerations of the O. hupensis populations. The shift in snail breeding grounds from a fragmented to centralized distribution indicates the weakening mobility of the O. hupensis population, the increasing independence of solitary groups, and the growing dependence of the snail population to the local environment. (2) The spatial risk distribution showed a descending gradient from west Dongting area to the east and an overall pattern of high in the periphery of large lakes and low in other areas. The cold-spot areas had their cores in Huarong County and Anxiang County and were scattered throughout the peripheral areas. The hot-spot areas had their center at Jinshi City, Nanxian County, and the southern part of Huarong County. The areas with increased comprehensive risks changed from centralized and large-scale development to fragmented shrinkage with increased partialization in the core area. The risk distribution's center shifted to the northwest. The spatial risk distribution exhibited enhanced concentricity along the major axis and increased dispersion along the minor axis.
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Niu Y, Li R, Qiu J, Xu X, Huang D, Qu Y. Geographical Clustering and Environmental Determinants of Schistosomiasis from 2007 to 2012 in Jianghan Plain, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1481. [PMID: 30011795 PMCID: PMC6068921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study compared changes in the spatial clustering of schistosomiasis in Jianghan Plain, China by applying Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic. The Geodetector software was employed to detect the environmental determinants of schistosomiasis annually from 2007 to 2012. The most likely spatial cluster in 2007 covered the north-central part of Jianghan Plain, whereas those observed from 2008 to 2012 were toward the south, with extended coverage in generally the same areas across various periods, and some variation nevertheless in precise locations. Furthermore, the 2007 period was more likely to be clustered than any other period. We found that temperature, land use, and soil type were the most critical factors associated with infection rates in humans. In addition, land use and soil type had the greatest impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in 2009, whereas this effect was minimal in 2007. The effect of temperature on schistosomiasis prevalence reached its maximum in 2010, whereas in 2008, this effect was minimal. Differences observed in the effects of those two factors on the spatial distribution of human schistosomiasis were inconsistent, showing statistical significance in some years and a lack thereof in others. Moreover, when two factors operated simultaneously, a trend of enhanced interaction was consistently observed. High-risk areas with strong interactions of affected factors should be targeted for disease control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Juan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Duan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yubing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Feng Y, Liu L, Xia S, Xu JF, Bergquist R, Yang GJ. Reaching the Surveillance-Response Stage of Schistosomiasis Control in The People's Republic of China: A Modelling Approach. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:165-96. [PMID: 27137447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the goal set to eliminate schistosomiasis nationwide by 2020, The People's Republic of China has initiated the surveillance-response stage to identify remaining sources of infection and potential pockets from where the disease could reemerge. Shifting the focus from classical monitoring and evaluation to rapid detection and immediate response, this approach requires modelling to bridge the surveillance and response components. We review here studies relevant to schistosomiasis modelling in a Chinese surveillance-response system with the expectation to achieve a practically useful understanding of the current situation and potential future study directions. We also present useful experience that could tentatively be applied in other endemic regions in the world. Modelling is discussed at length as it plays an essential role, both with regard to the intermediate snail host and in the definitive, mammal hosts. Research gaps with respect to snail infection, animal hosts and sectoral research cooperation are identified and examined against the prevailing background of ecosystem and socioeconomic changes with a focus on coexisting challenges and opportunities in a situation with increasing financial constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - L Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-F Xu
- Hubei University for Nationalities, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Bergquist
- Geospatial Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G-J Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Xu JF, Lv S, Wang QY, Qian MB, Liu Q, Bergquist R, Zhou XN. Schistosomiasis japonica: modelling as a tool to explore transmission patterns. Acta Trop 2015; 141:213-22. [PMID: 25004441 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modelling is an important tool for the exploration of Schistosoma japonicum transmission patterns. It provides a general theoretical framework for decision-makers and lends itself specifically to assessing the progress of the national control programme by following the outcome of surveys. The challenge of keeping up with the many changes of social, ecological and environmental factors involved in control activities is greatly facilitated by modelling that can also indicate which activities are critical and which are less important. This review examines the application of modelling tools in the epidemiological study of schistosomiasis japonica during the last 20 years and explores the application of enhanced models for surveillance and response. Updated and timely information for decision-makers in the national elimination programme is provided but, in spite of the new modelling techniques introduced, many questions remain. Issues on application of modelling are discussed with the view to improve the current situation with respect to schistosomiasis japonica.
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Qiu J, Li R, Xu X, Yu C, Xia X, Hong X, Chang B, Yi F, Shi Y. Identifying determinants of Oncomelania hupensis habitats and assessing the effects of environmental control strategies in the plain regions with the waterway network of China at the microscale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:6571-85. [PMID: 25003174 PMCID: PMC4078596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110606571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the landscape ecological determinants related to Oncomelania hupensis distribution, map the potential high risk of O. hupensis habitats at the microscale, and assess the effects of two environmental control strategies. Sampling was performed on 242 snail sites and 726 non-snail sites throughout Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, China. An integrated approach of landscape pattern analysis coupled with multiple logistic regression modeling was applied to investigate the effects of environmental factors on snail habitats. The risk probability of snail habitats positively correlated with patch fractal dimension (FD), paddy farm land proportion, and wetness index but inversely correlated with categorized normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and elevation. These findings indicate that FD can identify irregular features (e.g., irrigation ditches) in plain regions and that a moderate NDVI increases the microscale risk probability. Basing on the observed determinants, we predicted a map showing high-risk areas of snail habitats and simulated the effects of conduit hardening and paddy farming land rotation to dry farming land. The two approaches were confirmed effective for snail control. These findings provide an empirical basis for health professionals in local schistosomiasis control stations to identify priority areas and promising environmental control strategies for snail control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; E-Mails: (J.Q.); (B.C.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; E-Mails: (J.Q.); (B.C.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; E-Mails: (X.Xu); (X.Xia); (X.H.)
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- School of Public Health & Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xin Xia
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; E-Mails: (X.Xu); (X.Xia); (X.H.)
| | - Xicheng Hong
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; E-Mails: (X.Xu); (X.Xia); (X.H.)
| | - Bianrong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; E-Mails: (J.Q.); (B.C.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengjia Yi
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; E-Mails: (J.Q.); (B.C.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; E-Mails: (J.Q.); (B.C.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang Z, Ward M, Gao J, Wang Z, Yao B, Zhang T, Jiang Q. Remote sensing and disease control in China: past, present and future. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:11. [PMID: 23311958 PMCID: PMC3558403 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite measurements have distinct advantages over conventional ground measurements because they can collect the information repeatedly and automatically. Since 1970 globally and 1985 in China, the availability of remote sensing (RS) techniques has steadily grown and they are becoming increasingly important to improve our understanding of human health. This paper gives the first detailed overview on the developments of RS applications for disease control in China. The problems, challenges and future directions are also discussed with an aim of guiding prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michecal Ward
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baodong Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Akullian AN, Lu D, McDowell JZ, Davis GM, Spear RC, Remais JV. Modeling the combined influence of host dispersal and waterborne fate and transport on pathogen spread in complex landscapes. WATER QUALITY, EXPOSURE, AND HEALTH 2012; 4:159-168. [PMID: 23162675 PMCID: PMC3496273 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-012-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental models, often applied to questions on the fate and transport of chemical hazards, have recently become important in tracing certain environmental pathogens to their upstream sources of contamination. These tools, such as first order decay models applied to contaminants in surface waters, offer promise for quantifying the fate and transport of pathogens with multiple environmental stages and/or multiple hosts, in addition to those pathogens whose environmental stages are entirely waterborne. Here we consider the fate and transport capabilities of the human schistosome Schistosoma japonicum, which exhibits two waterborne stages and is carried by an amphibious intermediate snail host. We present experimentally-derived dispersal estimates for the intermediate snail host and fate and transport estimates for the passive downstream diffusion of cercariae, the waterborne, human-infective parasite stage. Using a one dimensional advective transport model exhibiting first-order decay, we simulate the added spatial reach and relative increase in cercarial concentrations that dispersing snail hosts contribute to downstream sites. Simulation results suggest that snail dispersal can substantially increase the concentrations of cercariae reaching downstream locations, relative to no snail dispersal, effectively putting otherwise isolated downstream sites at increased risk of exposure to cercariae from upstream sources. The models developed here can be applied to other infectious diseases with multiple life-stages and hosts, and have important implications for targeted ecological control of disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Akullian
- University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Tel.: +1 206 897 6396
| | - Ding Lu
- Institute of Parasitic Disease, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 ZhongXue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Julia Z. McDowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd Room 2023, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Tel.: +1 404 712 8908
| | - George M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, 745 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 20037
| | - Robert C. Spear
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA. Tel.: +1 510 642 0761
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd Room 2023, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Tel.: +1 404 712 8908
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Hu H, Gong P, Xu B. Spatially explicit agent-based modelling for schistosomiasis transmission: human-environment interaction simulation and control strategy assessment. Epidemics 2010; 2:49-65. [PMID: 21352776 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the transmission of many other parasitic diseases, the transmission of schistosomiasis is a complex process governed by natural, socio-economic factors and human life style. Based on the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum, some models have been developed. However, the human-environment interaction, especially through agricultural activities, has not been explicitly modeled in previous efforts. OBJECTIVE To understand the effect of agricultural land use and other social economic factors on schistosomiasis transmission by explicitly including agricultural land use, human water contact behaviors, feces processing, and control strategies in a multi-level agent based model. METHODS We proposed a spatially explicit agent-based schistosomiasis transmission model and describe its design and implementation. We chose one endemic village near Xichang, China to construct a virtual environment with the "patch". We modeled the behaviors (water contact, feces contamination and disease control) of various agents (villages, households and individuals) in the environment and predicted the potential infection risk of human and snails in space and time with consideration of socio-economic and human behavioral factors. RESULTS We obtained simulation results based on different scenarios of schistosomiasis control involving two dominant types of land use and four types of control measures. We also compared the effect of different timing on chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSIONS The scheme for multi-level agent simulation including human-environment interaction behaviors in schistosomiasis transmission is a useful framework for assessment of different control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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Malone JB, Yang GJ, Leonardo L, Zhou XN. Implementing a Geospatial Health Data Infrastructure for Control of Asian Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China and the Philippines. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2010; 73:71-100. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(10)73004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang K, Wang XH, Yang GJ, Wu XH, Qi YL, Li HJ, Zhou XN. An integrated approach to identify distribution of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, in a mountainous region in China. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:1007-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yu J, Wang S, Li W, Dai G, Xu S, He Z, Peng X, Zhou S, Liu X. Cloning, expression and protective immunity evaluation of the full-length cDNA encoding succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein of Schistosoma japonicum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:221-7. [PMID: 17447029 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-007-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1071-bp fragment was obtained from the Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) adult cDNA library after the 3' and 5' ends of the incomplete expression sequence tag (EST) of succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein of Schistosoma japonicum (SjSDISP) were amplified by the anchored PCR with 2 pairs of primers designed according to the EST of SjSDISP and the sequence of multiclone sites of the library vector. Sequence analysis indicated that the fragment was a full-length cDNA with a complete open reading frame (ORF), encoding 278 amino acid residues. The fragment was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pQE30, and subsequently sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analyses showed that the recombinant protein was about 32 kD and could be recognized by the polyclonal antisera from rabbits immunized with Schistosoma japonicum adult worm antigen. Compared with the FCA controls, mice vaccinated with rSjSDISP (test) or rSjGST (positive control) all revealed high levels of specific antibody and significant reduction in worm burden, liver eggs per gram (LEPG), fecal eggs per gram (FEPG) and intrauterine eggs. These results suggest that SjSDISP may be a novel and partially protective vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis. In contrast to the worm burden reduction rate, the higher degree of egg reduction rate in the test group also suggested that SjSDISP vaccine may primarily play a role in anti-embryonation or anti-fecundity immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunLong Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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