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Ligand-Receptor Binding on Cell Membrane: Dynamic Force Spectroscopy Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30374866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8894-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Ligand-receptor recognition on the cell membrane enables the communication of cells with the extracellular environment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy represents one of the most powerful techniques available to directly investigate ligand-receptor recognition under physiological conditions without considerable disruption to cells. It provides important information for research on biological processes, disease pathogenesis, and mechanism of drugs. Here we describe an example of applying single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy to study the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor EGFR, as well as the effect of two clinical drugs, Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab, on the interaction of EGF and EGFR.
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QIN GG, LI WH, XU JC, KOU XL, ZHAO R, LUO F, FANG XH. Development of Integrated Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy for Single-Molecule Analysis in Living Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wei Y, Lai B, Liu H, Li Y, Zhen W, Fu L. Effect of cigarette smoke extract and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1724-1730. [PMID: 29257196 PMCID: PMC5780117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Smoking is associated with intravascular thrombosis. As a vital anticoagulation cofactor, TM is located on the endothelial cell surface and regulates intravascular coagulation by binding to thrombin, hence activating protein C. Activated protein C is a natural anticoagulant that interacts with EPCR to enhance the function of anticoagulation system. The effects of CSE (0.5–5%) and nicotine (10-3-10-9 mol/l) on the expression of TM and EPCR in HUVECs were observed. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis techniques were used for detecting TM and EPCR mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. After 6-h exposure, TM protein and mRNA expression levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation with 5% CSE for 0, 6, 10, 12 and 24 h led to a decrease in the levels of TM mRNA and protein over time, which reached a peak at 12 h. The levels were significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0.001). However, CSE had no effect on EPCR. Furthermore, nicotine had no influence on TM and EPCR. In conclusion, the present study supports a novel molecular mechanism of cigarette smoking-associated thrombosis by the decreased expression of TM. Further studies are required to identify specific components in CSE responsible for decreasing TM expression and its associated consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wei
- Institute of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lai
- Department of Emergency, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Wang Zhen
- Institute of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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Prasad S, Sajja RK, Kaisar MA, Park JH, Villalba H, Liles T, Abbruscato T, Cucullo L. Role of Nrf2 and protective effects of Metformin against tobacco smoke-induced cerebrovascular toxicity. Redox Biol 2017; 12:58-69. [PMID: 28212524 PMCID: PMC5312505 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative way primarily related to the TS content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and inflammation. TS promotes glucose intolerance and increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) with which it shares other pathogenic traits including the high risk of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders like stroke via ROS generation, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Herein we provide evidence of the role played by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in CS-induced cerebrobvascular/BBB impairments and how these cerebrovascular harmful effects can be circumvented by the use of metformin (MF; a widely prescribed, firstline anti-diabetic drug) treatment. Our data in fact revealed that MF activates counteractive mechanisms primarily associated with the Nrf2 pathway which drastically reduce CS toxicity at the cerebrovascular level. These include the suppression of tight junction (TJ) protein downregulation and loss of BBB integrity induced by CS, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, renormalization of the expression levels of the major BBB glucose transporter Glut-1 and that of the anticoagulant factor thrombomodulin. Further, we provide additional insights on the controversial interplay between Nrf2 and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Jee Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Taylor Liles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Li Z, Wang Q, Yang X, Wang K, Du S, Zhang H, Gao L, Zheng Y, Nie W. Evaluating the Effect of Lidocaine on the Interactions of C-reactive Protein with Its Aptamer and Antibody by Dynamic Force Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3370-3377. [PMID: 28231708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of medicine on the biomolecular interaction have been given extensive attention in biochemistry and biomedicine because of the complexity of the environment in vivo and the increasing opportunity of exposure to medicine. Herein, the effect of lidocaine on the interactions of C-reactive protein (CRP) with its aptamer and antibody under different temperature was investigated through dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). The results revealed that lidocaine could reduce the binding probabilities and binding affinities of the CRP-aptamer and the CRP-antibody. An interesting discovery was that lidocaine had differential influences on the dynamic force spectra of the CRP-aptamer and the CRP-antibody. The energy landscape of the CRP-aptamer turned from two activation barriers to one after the treatment of lidocaine, while the one activation barrier in energy landscape of the CRP-antibody almost remained unchanged. In addition, similar results were obtained for 25 and 37 °C. In accordance with the result of molecular docking, the reduction of binding probabilities might be due to the binding of lidocaine on CRP. Additionally, the alteration of the dissociation pathway of the CRP-aptamer and the change of binding affinities might be caused by the conformational change of CRP, which was verified through synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, differential effects of lidocaine on the interactions of CRP-aptamer and CRP-antibody might be attributed to the different dissociation processes and binding sites of the CRP-aptamer and the CRP-antibody and different structures of the aptamer and the antibody. This work indicated that DFS provided information for further research and comprehensive applications of biomolecular interaction, especially in the design of biosensors in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Single-molecule force spectroscopy study of the effect of cigarette carcinogens on thrombomodulin–thrombin interaction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang C, Yadavalli VK. Investigating biomolecular recognition at the cell surface using atomic force microscopy. Micron 2014; 60:5-17. [PMID: 24602267 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Probing the interaction forces that drive biomolecular recognition on cell surfaces is essential for understanding diverse biological processes. Force spectroscopy has been a widely used dynamic analytical technique, allowing measurement of such interactions at the molecular and cellular level. The capabilities of working under near physiological environments, combined with excellent force and lateral resolution make atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy a powerful approach to measure biomolecular interaction forces not only on non-biological substrates, but also on soft, dynamic cell surfaces. Over the last few years, AFM-based force spectroscopy has provided biophysical insight into how biomolecules on cell surfaces interact with each other and induce relevant biological processes. In this review, we focus on describing the technique of force spectroscopy using the AFM, specifically in the context of probing cell surfaces. We summarize recent progress in understanding the recognition and interactions between macromolecules that may be found at cell surfaces from a force spectroscopy perspective. We further discuss the challenges and future prospects of the application of this versatile technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Xiao H, Zhang Y. Cutting edge advances in nanomedicine. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:841-842. [PMID: 23108861 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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