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Jiang P, Fu X, Niu H, Chen S, Liu F, Luo Y, Zhang D, Lei H. Recent advances on Pestalotiopsis genus: chemistry, biological activities, structure-activity relationship, and biosynthesis. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2. [PMID: 37389739 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis are reported as large promising sources of structurally varied biologically active metabolites. Many bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse structural features have been derived from Pestalotiopsis. Moreover, some of these compounds can potentially be developed into lead compounds. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis, covering a period ranging from January 2016 to December 2022. As many as 307 compounds, including terpenoids, coumarins, lactones, polyketides, and alkaloids, were isolated during this period. Furthermore, for the benefit of readers, the biosynthesis and potential medicinal value of these new compounds are also discussed in this review. Finally, the perspectives and directions for future research and the potential applications of the new compounds are summarized in various tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Gene complementation strategies for filamentous fungi biotechnology. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Combination Strategy of Genetic Dereplication and Manipulation of Epigenetic Regulators Reveals a Novel Compound from Plant Endophytic Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073686. [PMID: 35409046 PMCID: PMC8998291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies of genetic dereplication and manipulation of epigenetic regulators to activate the cryptic gene clusters are effective to discover natural products with novel structure in filamentous fungi. In this study, a combination of genetic dereplication (deletion of pesthetic acid biosynthetic gene, PfptaA) and manipulation of epigenetic regulators (deletion of histone methyltransferase gene PfcclA and histone deacetylase gene PfhdaA) was developed in plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The deletion of PfptaA with PfcclA and/or PfhdaA led to isolation of 1 novel compound, pestaloficiol X (1), as well as another 11 known compounds with obvious yield changes. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of pestaloficiol X was speculated using comparative analysis of homologous biosynthetic gene clusters. Moreover, phenotypic effects on the conidial development and response to oxidative stressors in the mutants were explored. Our results revealed that the new strain with deletion of PfcclA or PfhdaA in ΔPfptaA background host can neutralise the hyperformation of conidia in the PfptaA mutant, and that the ΔPfptaA ΔPfhdaA mutant was generally not sensitive to oxidative stressors as much as the ΔPfptaA ΔcclA mutant in comparison with the single mutant ΔPfptaA or the parental strains. This combinatorial approach can be applied to discover new natural products in filamentous fungi.
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4
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Essential Role of COP9 Signalosome Subunit 5 (Csn5) in Insect Pathogenicity and Asexual Development of Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080642. [PMID: 34436181 PMCID: PMC8401740 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Csn5 is a subunit ofthe COP9/signalosome complex in model fungi. Here, we report heavier accumulation of orthologous Csn5 in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm and its indispensability to insect pathogenicity and virulence-related cellular events of Beauveria bassiana. Deletion of csn5 led to a 68% increase in intracellular ubiquitin accumulation and the dysregulation of 18 genes encoding ubiquitin-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2), and -ligating (E3) enzymes and ubiquitin-specific proteases, suggesting the role of Csn5 in balanced ubiquitination/deubiquitination. Consequently, the deletion mutant displayed abolished insect pathogenicity, marked reductions in conidial hydrophobicity and adherence to the insect cuticle, the abolished secretion of cuticle penetration-required enzymes, blocked haemocoel colonisation, and reduced conidiation capacity despite unaffected biomass accumulation. These phenotypes correlated well with sharply repressed or abolished expressions of key hydrophobin genes required for hydrophobin biosynthesis/assembly and of developmental activator genes essential for aerial conidiation and submerged blastospore production. In the mutant, increased sensitivities to heat shock and oxidative stress also correlated with reduced expression levels of several heat-responsive genes and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Altogether, Csn5-reliant ubiquitination/deubiquitination balance coordinates the expression of those crucial genes and the quality control of functionally important enzymes, which are collectively essential for fungal pathogenicity, virulence-related cellular events, and asexual development.
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Guo Z, Zou ZM. Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites by Epigenetic Regulation and NMR Comparison from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Monosporascus eutypoides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184192. [PMID: 32932749 PMCID: PMC7570479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase and the 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments of the endophytic fungus Monosporascus eutypoides resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, monosporasols A (1) and B (2), and two known compounds, pestaloficin C (3) and arthrinone (4). Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis including high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1–2 were screened in cytotoxic bioassays against HeLa, HCT-8, A549 and MCF-7 cells. Our work highlights the enormous potential of epigenetic manipulation along with the NMR comparison as an effective strategy for unlocking the chemical diversity encoded by fungal genomes.
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6
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Genetic mining of the “dark matter” in fungal natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1250-1252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Strategy for efficient cloning of biosynthetic gene clusters from fungi. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1087-1095. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Zhou S, Zhang P, Zhou H, Liu X, Li SM, Guo L, Li K, Yin WB. A new regulator RsdA mediating fungal secondary metabolism has a detrimental impact on asexual development in Pestalotiopsis fici. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:416-426. [PMID: 30421486 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolite (SM) production and development are correlated processes in fungi that are often coordinated by pleiotropic regulators. The eukaryotic regulators are critical players in mediating SM production related to fungal development, yet little data are available to support this hypothesis. In this study, a global regulator, RsdA (regulation of secondary metabolism and development), was identified through genome-wide analysis and deletion of the regulator gene in the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. Here, we established that RsdA regulation of SMs is accompanied by the repression of asexual development. Deletion of rsdA significantly reduces not only asexual development, resulting in low sporulation and abnormal conidia, but also the major SM production, while remarkably increasing the melanin production. Overproduction of melanin leads to the formation of unusual, heavily pigmented hyphae. Transcriptome analysis data provide the evidence that RsdA globally regulates genes involved in secondary metabolism and asexual development. Double deletion of rsdA and the melanin polyketide synthase gene PfmaE confirm that RsdA regulation of asexual development is independent of the melanin biosynthetic pathway. Finally, our results demonstrate that RsdA can be used for the discovery of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Liangdong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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The developmental regulator Pcz1 affects the production of secondary metabolites in the filamentous fungus Penicillium roqueforti. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:67-74. [PMID: 29853169 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium roqueforti is used in the production of several kinds of ripened blue-veined cheeses. In addition, this fungus produces interesting secondary metabolites such as roquefortine C, andrastin A and mycophenolic acid. To date, there is scarce information concerning the regulation of the production of these secondary metabolites. Recently, the gene named pcz1 (Penicillium C6 zinc domain protein 1) was described in P. roqueforti, which encodes for a Zn(II)2Cys6 protein that controls growth and developmental processes in this fungus. However, its effect on secondary metabolism is currently unknown. In this work, we have analyzed how the overexpression and down-regulation of pcz1 affect the production of roquefortine C, andrastin A and mycophenolic acid in P. roqueforti. The three metabolites were drastically reduced in the pcz1 down-regulated strains. However, when pcz1 was overexpressed, only mycophenolic acid was overproduced while, on the contrary, levels of roquefortine C and andrastin A were diminished. Importantly, these results match the expression pattern of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites. Taken together, our results suggest that Pcz1 plays a key role in regulating secondary metabolism in the fungus Penicillium roqueforti.
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10
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Liu H, Wang G, Li W, Liu X, Li E, Yin WB. A highly efficient genetic system for the identification of a harzianum B biosynthetic gene cluster in Trichoderma hypoxylon. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:769-778. [PMID: 29557773 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma hypoxylon is a fungicolous species which produces rich secondary metabolites. However, no genetic transformation method is available for further studies. Here, we developed a marker-less transformation system based on the complementation of an uridine/uracil biosynthetic gene by protoplast transformation. An uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutant of Δthpyr4 was obtained by using a positive screening protocol with 5'-fluoroorotic acid as a selective reagent. To improve the homologous integration rates, the orthologues of ku70 and lig4 which play critical roles in non-homologous end-joining recombination were disrupted. The resulting thlig4 mutant showed remarkable transformation rates of 89 %, while no change was found in the thku70 deletion mutant compared with the WT strain. This suggests that thlig4 play a key role in the non-homologous recombination in this strain. Using this system, the biosynthetic gene cluster of trichothecene (tri) harzianum B was identified by deletion of the thtri5 in T. hypoxylon. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster in T. hypoxylon shared similar organizations with T. arundinaceum and T. brevicompactum, even though their encoded products are different in structures. Taken together, the highly efficient genetic system provides a convenient tool for studying the biosynthetic diversity and mining the novel natural product from the fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Erwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
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11
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Wang M, Yang X, Ruan R, Fu H, Li H. Csn5 Is Required for the Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis of the Alternaria alternata Tangerine Pathotype. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29616013 PMCID: PMC5870056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a highly conserved protein complex involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Its metalloisopeptidase activity resides in subunit 5 (CSN5). Functions of csn5 in phytopathogenic fungi are poorly understood. Here, we knocked out the csn5 ortholog (Aacsn5) in the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata. The ΔAacsn5 mutant showed a moderately reduced growth rate compared to the wildtype strain and was unable to produce conidia. The growth of ΔAacsn5 mutant was not affected in response to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Virulence assays revealed that ΔAacsn5 induced no or significantly reduced necrotic lesions on detached citrus leaves. The defects in hyphal growth, conidial sporulation, and pathogenicity of ΔAacsn5 were restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with wildtype Aacsn5. To explore the molecular mechanisms of conidiation and pathogenesis underlying Aacsn5 regulation, we systematically examined the transcriptomes of both ΔAacsn5 and the wildtype. Generally, 881 genes were overexpressed and 777 were underexpressed in the ΔAacsn5 mutant during conidiation while 694 overexpressed and 993 underexpressed during infection. During asexual development, genes related to the transport processes and nitrogen metabolism were significantly downregulated; the expression of csn1-4 and csn7 in ΔAacsn5 was significantly elevated; secondary metabolism gene clusters were broadly affected; especially, the transcript level of the whole of cluster 28 and 30 was strongly induced. During infection, the expression of the host-specific ACT toxin gene cluster which controls the biosynthesis of the citrus specific toxin was significantly repressed; many other SM clusters with unknown products were also regulated; 86 out of 373 carbohydrate-active enzymes responsible for breaking down the plant dead tissues showed uniquely decreased expression. Taken together, our results expand our understanding of the roles of csn5 on conidiation and pathogenicity in plant pathogenic fungi and provide a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuang Wang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxin Ruan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Fu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zheng Y, Ma K, Lyu H, Huang Y, Liu H, Liu L, Che Y, Liu X, Zou H, Yin WB. Genetic Manipulation of the COP9 Signalosome Subunit PfCsnE Leads to the Discovery of Pestaloficins in Pestalotiopsis fici. Org Lett 2017; 19:4700-4703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Zhejiang
Provincial (Wenzhou) Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological
Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ke Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haining Lyu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State
Key
Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huixi Zou
- Zhejiang
Provincial (Wenzhou) Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological
Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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