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Decoding six basic emotions from brain functional connectivity patterns. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:835-847. [PMID: 36378473 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although distinctive neural and physiological states are suggested to underlie the six basic emotions, basic emotions are often indistinguishable from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) voxelwise activation (VA) patterns. Here, we hypothesize that functional connectivity (FC) patterns across brain regions may contain emotion-representation information beyond VA patterns. We collected whole-brain fMRI data while human participants viewed pictures of faces expressing one of the six basic emotions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) or showing neutral expressions. We obtained FC patterns for each emotion across brain regions over the whole brain and applied multivariate pattern decoding to decode emotions in the FC pattern representation space. Our results showed that the whole-brain FC patterns successfully classified not only the six basic emotions from neutral expressions but also each basic emotion from other emotions. An emotion-representation network for each basic emotion that spanned beyond the classical brain regions for emotion processing was identified. Finally, we demonstrated that within the same brain regions, FC-based decoding consistently performed better than VA-based decoding. Taken together, our findings revealed that FC patterns contained emotional information and advocated for paying further attention to the contribution of FCs to emotion processing.
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Michon KJ, Khammash D, Simmonite M, Hamlin AM, Polk TA. Person-specific and precision neuroimaging: Current methods and future directions. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119589. [PMID: 36030062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neuroimaging studies of brain function analyze data in normalized space to identify regions of common activation across participants. These studies treat interindividual differences in brain organization as noise, but this approach can obscure important information about the brain's functional architecture. Recently, a number of studies have adopted a person-specific approach that aims to characterize these individual differences and explore their reliability and implications for behavior. A subset of these studies has taken a precision imaging approach that collects multiple hours of data from each participant to map brain function on a finer scale. In this review, we provide a broad overview of how person-specific and precision imaging techniques have used resting-state measures to examine individual differences in the brain's organization and their impact on behavior, followed by how task-based activity continues to add detail to these discoveries. We argue that person-specific and precision approaches demonstrate substantial promise in uncovering new details of the brain's functional organization and its relationship to behavior in many areas of cognitive neuroscience. We also discuss some current limitations in this new field and some new directions it may take.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalia Khammash
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abbey M Hamlin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thad A Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jiang R, Woo CW, Qi S, Wu J, Sui J. Interpreting Brain Biomarkers: Challenges and solutions in interpreting machine learning-based predictive neuroimaging. IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2022; 39:107-118. [PMID: 36712588 PMCID: PMC9880880 DOI: 10.1109/msp.2022.3155951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Predictive modeling of neuroimaging data (predictive neuroimaging) for evaluating individual differences in various behavioral phenotypes and clinical outcomes is of growing interest. However, the field is experiencing challenges regarding the interpretability of the results. Approaches to defining the specific contribution of functional connections, regions, or networks in prediction models are urgently needed, which may help explore the underlying mechanisms. In this article, we systematically review the methods and applications for interpreting brain signatures derived from predictive neuroimaging based on a survey of 326 research articles. Strengths, limitations, and the suitable conditions for major interpretation strategies are also deliberated. In-depth discussion of common issues in existing literature and the corresponding recommendations to address these pitfalls are provided. We highly recommend exhaustive validation on the reliability and interpretability of the biomarkers across multiple datasets and contexts, which thereby could translate technical advances in neuroimaging into concrete improvements in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Choong-Wan Woo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea, 16419
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, 16419
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, 16419
| | - Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, 211106
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100069
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
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Vieira BH, Pamplona GSP, Fachinello K, Silva AK, Foss MP, Salmon CEG. On the prediction of human intelligence from neuroimaging: A systematic review of methods and reporting. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tu Y, Cao J, Bi Y, Hu L. Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain: diagnosis, manipulation, and biomarkers. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:879-896. [PMID: 33247802 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a multidimensional subjective experience with biological, psychological, and social factors. Whereas acute pain can be a warning signal for the body to avoid excessive injury, long-term and ongoing pain may be developed as chronic pain. There are more than 100 million people in China living with chronic pain, which has raised a huge socioeconomic burden. Studying the mechanisms of pain and developing effective analgesia approaches are important for basic and clinical research. Recently, with the development of brain imaging and data analytical approaches, the neural mechanisms of chronic pain have been widely studied. In the first part of this review, we briefly introduced the magnetic resonance imaging and conventional analytical approaches for brain imaging data. Then, we reviewed brain alterations caused by several chronic pain disorders, including localized and widespread primary pain, primary headaches and orofacial pain, musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain, and present meta-analytical results to show brain regions associated with the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Next, we reviewed brain changes induced by pain interventions, such as pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, and acupuncture. Lastly, we reviewed emerging studies that combined advanced machine learning and neuroimaging techniques to identify diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Lu J, Luo L, Wang Q, Fang F, Chen N. Cue-triggered activity replay in human early visual cortex. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:144-151. [PMID: 32557289 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The recall of learned temporal sequences by a visual cue is an important form of experience-based neural plasticity. Here we observed such reactivation in awake human visual cortex using intracranial recording. After repeated exposure to a moving dot, a flash of the dot was able to trigger neural reactivation in the downstream receptive field along the motion path. This effect was observed only when the cue appeared near the receptive field. The estimated traveling speed was faster compared to the activation induced by the real motion. We suggest a range-limited, time-compressed reactivation as a result of repeated visual exposure in awake human visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Lu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Luo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Nihong Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Xie CM, Zhang M, Shi Y, Song R, Lu X, Zhang H, Li K, Wang B, Yang Y, Li X, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Yuan TF, Northoff G. Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neuronavigation for the treatment of depression by individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:96-106. [PMID: 32542515 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the visual cortex (VC) provides effective and well-tolerated treatment and whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures functional change of the VC as a biomarker of therapeutic effect in major depressive disorder (MDD), we performed a sham-controlled, double-blind, randomized, three-arm VC rTMS treatment study in 74 MDD patients. Neuronavigated rTMS (10 Hz, 90% of resting motor threshold, 1,600 pulses over 20 min twice per day) was performed over the VC for five days. Clinical outcome was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and after terminating rTMS, with follow-up at four weeks. MRI was measured at days 0 and 5. The individualized group exhibited the greatest change in HAMD-24 scores after VC rTMS for 5 days (F=5.53, P=0.005), which were maintained during follow-up period (F=4.22, P=0.016). All patients reported good tolerance. Changes in VC task-related functional MRI correlated with symptomatic reduction in the individualized group. Treatment reduced the initially abnormal increase in resting state functional connectivity from the VC to the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex at day 5, especially in the individualized group. We demonstrated therapeutic potential and good tolerance of VC rTMS in MDD patients, indicated by biomarkers of fMRI measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Mental Health Center and 7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Chun-Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruize Song
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xianrui Li
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Deaprtment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Mental Health Center and 7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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