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Zhao B, Peng H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Kong D, Cao S, Li Y, Yang D, Sun C, Pu X, Zhao P, Xu Y, Zhao K, Xie L. Rapid development and mass production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing chicken egg yolk antibodies with protective efficacy in hamsters. Biol Res 2024; 57:24. [PMID: 38711133 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the record speed of developing vaccines and therapeutics against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is not a given that such success can be secured in future pandemics. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination and application of therapeutics remain low in developing countries. Rapid and low cost mass production of antiviral IgY antibodies could be an attractive alternative or complementary option for vaccine and therapeutic development. In this article, we rapidly produced SARS-CoV-2 antigens, immunized hens and purified IgY antibodies in 2 months after the SARS-CoV-2 gene sequence became public. We further demonstrated that the IgY antibodies competitively block RBD binding to ACE2, neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus and effectively protect hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge by preventing weight loss and lung pathology, representing the first comprehensive study with IgY antibodies. The process of mass production can be easily implemented in most developing countries and hence could become a new vital option in our toolbox for combating viral pandemics. This study could stimulate further studies, optimization and potential applications of IgY antibodies as therapeutics and prophylactics for human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binan Zhao
- Shanghai Bio-full Biotech Co.,Ltd, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Antibody Research Key Laboratory, Sino Biological Inc, Building 9, Jing DongBei Technology Park, No.18 Ke Chuang 10th St, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Sai Cao
- Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Antibody Research Key Laboratory, Sino Biological Inc, Building 9, Jing DongBei Technology Park, No.18 Ke Chuang 10th St, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chuanwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinyi Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Shanghai Bio-full Biotech Co.,Ltd, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Beijing Antibody Research Key Laboratory, Sino Biological Inc, Building 9, Jing DongBei Technology Park, No.18 Ke Chuang 10th St, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd, No.31 Kechuang 7th Street, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Tang X, Liu H, Rao R, Huang Y, Dong M, Xu M, Feng S, Shi X, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou B. Modeling drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity with human primary cardiomyocytes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:301-319. [PMID: 37864082 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity induced by therapeutic drugs is a major contributor for cardiotoxicity, posing a serious threat to pharmaceutical industries and patients' lives. However, mitochondrial toxicity testing is not incorporated into routine cardiac safety screening procedures. To accurately model native human cardiomyocytes, we comprehensively evaluated mitochondrial responses of adult human primary cardiomyocytes (hPCMs) to a nucleoside analog, remdesivir (RDV). Comparison of their response to human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes revealed that the latter utilized a mitophagy-based mitochondrial recovery response that was absent in hPCMs. Accordingly, action potential duration was elongated in hPCMs, reflecting clinical incidences of RDV-induced QT prolongation. In a screen for mitochondrial protectants, we identified mitochondrial ROS as a primary mediator of RDV-induced cardiotoxicity. Our study demonstrates the utility of hPCMs in the detection of clinically relevant cardiac toxicities, and offers a framework for hPCM-based high-throughput screening of cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Rongjia Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Mengqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Ren H, Wang J, Tang H, Qian X, Xia B, Luo Z, Xu Z, Qi Z, Zhao P. Tiratricol inhibits yellow fever virus replication through targeting viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of NS5. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105737. [PMID: 37879570 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) infection is a major public concern that threatens a large population in South America and Africa. No specific antiviral drugs are available for treating yellow fever. Here, we report that tiratricol (triiodothyroacetic acid, TRIAC), a clinically approved drug used to treat thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRS), is a potent YFV inhibitor both in host cells and in animal models.An in vitro study demonstrates that TRIAC remarkably suppresses viral RNA synthesis and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in human hepatoma cell lines (Huh-7) with an EC50 value of 2.07 μM and a CC50 value of 385.77 μM respectively. The surface plasmon resonance assay and molecular docking analysis indicate that TRIAC hinders viral replication by binding to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain of viral nonstructural protein NS5, probably through interacting with the active sites of RdRp.The inhibitory effect of TRIAC in vivo is also confirmed in 3-week old C57BL/6 mice challenged with YFV infection, from which the survival of the mice as well as lesions and infection in their tissues and serum issignificantly promoted following oral administration of TRIAC (0.2 mg/kg/day). Additionally, TRIAC shows a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple flaviviruses such as TBEV, WNV,ZIKV, andJEV in vitro. Our data demonstrate that the TH analogue TRIAC is an effective anti-YFV compound and may act as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of YFV infection if its clinical importance is determined in patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghui Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghan Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Fibriani A, Taharuddin AAP, Yamahoki N, Stephanie R, Laurelia J, Agustiyanti DF, Wisnuwardhani PH, Angelina M, Rubiyana Y, Ningrum RA, Wardiana A, Desriani D, Iskandar F, Permatasari FA, Giri-Rachman EA. Porphyrin-derived carbon dots for an enhanced antiviral activity targeting the CTD of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 37801271 PMCID: PMC10558421 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are still limited in number, the exploration of compounds that have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is in high demand. Porphyrin is potentially developed as a COVID-19 antiviral drug. However, its low solubility in water restricts its clinical application. Reconstruction of porphyrin into carbon dots is expected to possess better solubility and bioavailability as well as lower biotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of porphyrin and porphyrin-derived carbon dots against SARS-CoV-2. Through the in silico analysis and assessment using a novel drug screening platform, namely dimer-based screening system, we demonstrated the capability of the antivirus candidates in inhibiting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid. It was shown that porphyrin-derived carbon dots possessed lower cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells than porphyrin. Furthermore, we also assessed their antiviral activity on the SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. The transformation of porphyrin into carbon dots substantially augmented its performance in disrupting SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this study comprehensively demonstrated the potential of porphyrin-derived carbon dots to be developed further as a promisingly safe and effective COVID-19 antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzania Fibriani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | | | - Nicholas Yamahoki
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rebecca Stephanie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Laurelia
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dian Fitria Agustiyanti
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yana Rubiyana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Asmana Ningrum
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Desriani Desriani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Aulia Permatasari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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5
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Gurukkalot K, Rajendran V. Repurposing Polyether Ionophores as a New-Class of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Agents as Adjunct Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:273. [PMID: 37414909 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have posed a significant threat to humankind in tackling the viral spread. Furthermore, currently repurposed drugs and frontline antiviral agents have failed to cure severe ongoing infections effectively. This insufficiency has fuelled research for potent and safe therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19. Nonetheless, various vaccine candidates have displayed a differential efficacy and need for repetitive dosing. The FDA-approved polyether ionophore veterinary antibiotic for treating coccidiosis has been repurposed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection (as shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies) and other deadly human viruses. Based on selectivity index values, ionophores display therapeutic effects at sub-nanomolar concentrations and exhibit selective killing ability. They act on different viral targets (structural and non-structural proteins), host-cell components leading to SARS-CoV-2 inhibition, and their activity is further enhanced by Zn2+ supplementation. This review summarizes the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential and molecular viral targets of selective ionophores like monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin, CP-80,219, nanchangmycin, narasin, X-206 and valinomycin. Ionophore combinations with Zn2+ are a new therapeutic strategy that warrants further investigation for possible human benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Gurukkalot
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Wen Q, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Liu H, Han Z, Chen Y, Wang K, Liu J, Sai N, Zhou X, Zhou C, Hu S, Ma L. Cisatracurium besylate rescues Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-infected macrophages from necroptosis and enhances the bactericidal effect of isoniazid. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110291. [PMID: 37182451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis is the leading killer among the chronic single-source infectious diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce necrotic-dominant multiple modes of cell death in macrophages, which accelerates bacterium dissemination and expands tissue injury in host lungs. Mining drugs to counteract Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cell death would be beneficial to tuberculosis patients. METHODS In this study, the protective drug was screened out from the FDA-approved drug library in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages with CCK-8 assay. The death mode regulated by the drug was identified using transcriptomic sequencing, cytomorphological observation, and in the experimental mouse Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infection model. The functional mechanism was explored using western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and DARTS assay. The intracellular bacterial survival was detected using colony forming unit assays. RESULTS Cisatracurium besylate was identified to be highly protective for the viability of macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via inhibiting necroptosis. Cisatracurium besylate prevented RIPK3 to be associated with the executive molecule MLKL for forming the necroptotic complex, resulting in the inhibition of MLKL phosphorylation and pore formation on cell membrane. However, Cisatracurium besylate did not interfere with the association between RIPK3 with its upstream kinase RIPK1 or ZBP1 but regulated RIPK3 autophosphorylation. Moreover, Cisatracurium besylate significantly inhibited the expansion of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo, which also displayed a strong auxiliary bacteriostatic effect to support the therapeutic efficacy of isoniazid and rifampicin, the first-line anti-tubercular drugs. CONCLUSION Cisatracurium besylate performs anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti-necroptotic roles, which potentiates its application to be an adjuvant drug for antituberculosis therapy to assist the battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liru Chen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoxin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Sai
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Rizzi M, D'Onghia D, Tonello S, Minisini R, Colangelo D, Bellan M, Castello LM, Gavelli F, Avanzi GC, Pirisi M, Sainaghi PP. COVID-19 Biomarkers at the Crossroad between Patient Stratification and Targeted Therapy: The Role of Validated and Proposed Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087099. [PMID: 37108262 PMCID: PMC10138390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 pathophysiology have enormously increased during the pandemic. Nevertheless, because of the great heterogeneity of disease manifestations, a precise patient stratification at admission is still difficult, thus rendering a rational allocation of limited medical resources as well as a tailored therapeutic approach challenging. To date, many hematologic biomarkers have been validated to support the early triage of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and to monitor their disease progression. Among them, some indices have proven to be not only predictive parameters, but also direct or indirect pharmacological targets, thus allowing for a more tailored approach to single-patient symptoms, especially in those with severe progressive disease. While many blood test-derived parameters quickly entered routine clinical practice, other circulating biomarkers have been proposed by several researchers who have investigated their reliability in specific patient cohorts. Despite their usefulness in specific contexts as well as their potential interest as therapeutic targets, such experimental markers have not been implemented in routine clinical practice, mainly due to their higher costs and low availability in general hospital settings. This narrative review will present an overview of the most commonly adopted biomarkers in clinical practice and of the most promising ones emerging from specific population studies. Considering that each of the validated markers reflects a specific aspect of COVID-19 evolution, embedding new highly informative markers into routine clinical testing could help not only in early patient stratification, but also in guiding a timely and tailored method of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide D'Onghia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Mario Castello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Gavelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Avanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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8
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Rizzi M, Tonello S, D’Onghia D, Sainaghi PP. Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020951. [PMID: 36674471 PMCID: PMC9861142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene 6) is a widely expressed vitamin K-dependent protein that is involved in many biological processes such as homeostatic regulation, inflammation and repair/fibrotic processes. It is known that it is the main ligand of TAMs, a tyrosine kinase receptor family of three members, namely MerTK, Tyro-3 and Axl, for which it displays the highest affinity. Gas6/TAM axis activation is known to be involved in modulating inflammatory responses as well as fibrotic evolution in many different pathological conditions. Due to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, this review will focus on Gas6/TAM axis activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where de-regulated inflammatory responses and fibrosis represent a relevant feature of severe disease manifestation. Furthermore, this review will highlight the most recent scientific evidence supporting an unsuspected role of Axl as a SARS-CoV-2 infection driver, and the potential therapeutic advantages of the use of existing Axl inhibitors in COVID-19 management. From a physiological point of view, the Gas6/TAM axis plays a dual role, fostering the tissue repair processes or leading to organ damage and loss of function, depending on the prevalence of its anti-inflammatory or profibrotic properties. This review makes a strong case for further research focusing on the Gas6/TAM axis as a pharmacological target to manage different disease conditions, such as chronic fibrosis or COVID-19.
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Focus on Marine Animal Safety and Marine Bioresources in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Crisis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315136. [PMID: 36499463 PMCID: PMC9737530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 as a zoonotic virus has significantly affected daily life and social behavior since its outbreak in late 2019. The concerns over its transmission through different media directly or indirectly have evoked great attention about the survival of SARS-CoV-2 virions in the environment and its potential infection of other animals. To evaluate the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and to counteract the COVID-19 disease, extensive studies have been performed to understand SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis and its pathogenesis. This review mainly focuses on the molecular architecture of SARS-CoV-2, its potential for infecting marine animals, and the prospect of drug discovery using marine natural products to combat SARS-CoV-2. The main purposes of this review are to piece together progress in SARS-CoV-2 functional genomic studies and antiviral drug development, and to raise our awareness of marine animal safety on exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Upadhyay M, Gupta S. Endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway: Potential target against SARS-CoV-2. Virus Res 2022; 320:198897. [PMID: 35988898 PMCID: PMC9387115 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently emerged throughout the world, resulting in more than 400 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide as of January 2022. Coronaviruses subvert or use certain aspects of the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum to overcome protein translation shutdown to benefit their replication. New virions use the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment to assemble and gain transportation to the cell membrane. Extensive remodeling of the ER has been demonstrated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review article, we discuss the role of the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Currently, there is a dearth of therapeutic options for intervening with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To accelerate drug development, efforts around the globe have been focusing on repurposing drugs that have already been approved for clinical use by regulatory agencies. Targeting the ERS pathway is reasonable, as prior work has shown that SARS-CoV-2 egress is dependent on this pathway. Here we discuss the feasibility of off-patent, FDA-approved, pharmacological inhibitors of the ERS pathway to suppress the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, a promising approach that warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarisha Upadhyay
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Wang T, Cao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Man CH, Yang Y, Chen L, Xu S, Yan X, Zheng Q, Wang YP. COVID-19 metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e157. [PMID: 35958432 PMCID: PMC9363584 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) dysregulates antiviral signaling, immune response, and cell metabolism in human body. Viral genome and proteins hijack host metabolic network to support viral biogenesis and propagation. However, the regulatory mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been elucidated until recently. Multiomic studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) revealed an intensive interaction between host metabolic regulators and viral proteins. SARS‐CoV‐2 deregulated cellular metabolism in blood, intestine, liver, pancreas, fat, and immune cells. Host metabolism supported almost every stage of viral lifecycle. Strikingly, viral proteins were found to interact with metabolic enzymes in different cellular compartments. Biochemical and genetic assays also identified key regulatory nodes and metabolic dependencies of viral replication. Of note, cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are broadly involved in viral lifecycle. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the hallmarks of COVID‐19 metabolism. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remodels host cell metabolism, which in turn modulates viral biogenesis and replication. Remodeling of host metabolism creates metabolic vulnerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, which could be explored to uncover new therapeutic targets. The efficacy of metabolic inhibitors against COVID‐19 is under investigation in several clinical trials. Ultimately, the knowledge of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic reprogramming would accelerate drug repurposing or screening to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Bai Jia Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Division of Hematology Department of Medicine University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University National Center for Neurological Disorders Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery Shanghai China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of Hematology Southwest Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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12
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High-Throughput Screening of FDA-Approved Drug Library Reveals Ixazomib Is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Arboviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071381. [PMID: 35891362 PMCID: PMC9322861 DOI: 10.3390/v14071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of significant arboviruses and their spillover transmission to humans represent a major threat to global public health. No approved drugs are available for the treatment of significant arboviruses in circulation today. The repurposing of clinically approved drugs is one of the most rapid and promising strategies in the identification of effective treatments for diseases caused by arboviruses. Here, we screened small-molecule compounds with anti-tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus activity from 2580 FDA-approved drugs. In total, 60 compounds showed antiviral efficacy against all four of the arboviruses in Huh7 cells. Among these compounds, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate (inhibitors of 20S proteasome β5) exerted antiviral effects at a low-micromolar concentration. The time-of-drug-addition assay suggested that ixazomib and ixazomib citrate disturbed multiple processes in viruses’ life cycles. Furthermore, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate potently inhibited chikungunya virus replication and relieved virus-induced footpad swelling in a mouse model. These results offer critical information which supports the role of ixazomib as a broad-spectrum agent against arboviruses.
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13
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Miao G, Peng H, Tang H, Liu Y, Zheng X, Liu B, Jiang L, Tang W, He Y, Liu Y, Ren H, Zhao P, Qi Z, Ding C. Antiviral efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo reveals bazedoxifene acetate as an entry inhibitor. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4809-4819. [PMID: 35733297 PMCID: PMC9350378 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh member of the coronavirus family that can infect humans. Recently, more contagious and pathogenic variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been continuously emerging. Clinical candidates with high efficacy and ready availability are still in urgent need. To identify potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 repurposing drugs, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of 18 selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six SERMs exhibited excellent anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in Vero E6 cells and three human cell lines. Clomifene citrate, tamoxifen, toremifene citrate, and bazedoxifene acetate reduced the weight loss of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2, and reduced hamster pulmonary viral load and IL-6 expression when assayed at 4 days post-infection. In particular, bazedoxifene acetate was identified to act on the penetration stage of the post-attachment step via altering cholesterol distribution and endosome acidification. And, bazedoxifene acetate inhibited pseudoviruses infection of original SARS-CoV-2, Delta variant, Omicron variant and SARS-CoV. These results offer critical information supporting bazedoxifene acetate as a promising agent against coronaviruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Miao
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yangang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wanda Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanhua He
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cuiling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, 200433, China
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