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Dantchev D. On Casimir and Helmholtz Fluctuation-Induced Forces in Micro- and Nano-Systems: Survey of Some Basic Results. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:499. [PMID: 38920508 DOI: 10.3390/e26060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuations are omnipresent; they exist in any matter, due either to its quantum nature or to its nonzero temperature. In the current review, we briefly cover the quantum electrodynamic Casimir (QED) force as well as the critical Casimir (CC) and Helmholtz (HF) forces. In the QED case, the medium is usually a vacuum and the massless excitations are photons, while in the CC and HF cases the medium is usually a critical or correlated fluid and the fluctuations of the order parameter are the cause of the force between the macroscopic or mesoscopic bodies immersed in it. We discuss the importance of the presented results for nanotechnology, especially for devising and assembling micro- or nano-scale systems. Several important problems for nanotechnology following from the currently available experimental findings are spelled out, and possible strategies for overcoming them are sketched. Regarding the example of HF, we explicitly demonstrate that when a given integral quantity characterizing the fluid is conserved, it has an essential influence on the behavior of the corresponding fluctuation-induced force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dantchev
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Academic Georgy Bonchev St., Building 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Liu Y, Liu H, Guo S, Zhao Y, Qi J, Zhang R, Ren J, Cheng H, Zong M, Wu X, Li B. A review of carbon nanomaterials/bacterial cellulose composites for nanomedicine applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121445. [PMID: 37940307 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) mainly include fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and their derivatives. As a new type of material in the field of nanomaterials, it has outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as minor size effects, substantial specific surface area, extremely high reaction activity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability, which have attracted widespread attention in the medical community in the past decade. However, the single use of carbon nanomaterials has problems such as self-aggregation and poor water solubility. Researchers have recently combined them with bacterial cellulose to form a new intelligent composite material to improve the defects of carbon nanomaterials. This composite material has been widely synthesized and used in targeted drug delivery, biosensors, antibacterial dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and other nanomedicine fields. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of carbon nanomaterials based on bacterial cellulose in nanomedicine. In addition, the potential cytotoxicity of these composite materials and their components in vitro and in vivo was discussed, as well as the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianing Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiyi Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Zhang GJ, Tao YH, Han YF, Yong XL, Fei SM. Constructions of Unextendible Maximally Entangled Bases in [Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3193. [PMID: 29453457 PMCID: PMC5816675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study unextendible maximally entangled bases (UMEBs) in [Formula: see text] (d < d'). An operational method to construct UMEBs containing d(d' - 1) maximally entangled vectors is established, and two UMEBs in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are given as examples. Furthermore, a systematic way of constructing UMEBs containing d(d' - r) maximally entangled vectors in [Formula: see text] is presented for r = 1, 2, …, d - 1. Correspondingly, two UMEBs in [Formula: see text] are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Mathematics College of Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tao
- Department of Mathematics College of Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Mathematics College of Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Xin-Lei Yong
- Department of Mathematics College of Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Shao-Ming Fei
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
- Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Science, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
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Alwakil A, Zerrad M, Bellieud M, Veynante D, Enguehard F, Rolland N, Volz S, Amra C. Transformational fluctuation electrodynamics: application to thermal radiation illusion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:17343-17355. [PMID: 28789226 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.017343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal radiation is a universal property for all objects with temperatures above 0K. Every object with a specific shape and emissivity has its own thermal radiation signature; such signature allows the object to be detected and recognized which can be an undesirable situation. In this paper, we apply transformation optics theory to a thermal radiation problem to develop an electromagnetic illusion by controlling the thermal radiation signature of a given object. Starting from the fluctuation dissipation theorem where thermally fluctuating sources are related to the radiative losses, we demonstrate that it is possible for objects residing in two spaces, virtual and physical, to have the same thermal radiation signature if the complex permittivities and permeabilities satisfy the standard space transformations. We emphasize the invariance of the fluctuation electrodynamics physics under transformation, and show how this result allows the mimicking in thermal radiation. We illustrate the concept using the illusion paradigm in the two-dimensional space and a numerical calculation validates all predictions. Finally, we discuss limitations and extensions of the proposed technique.
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Li J, Luo B, Yang D, Yin L, Wu G, Guo H. Negative exponential behavior of image mutual information for pseudo-thermal light ghost imaging: observation, modeling, and verification. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:717-723. [PMID: 36659444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
When using the image mutual information to assess the quality of reconstructed image in pseudo-thermal light ghost imaging, a negative exponential behavior with respect to the measurement number is observed. Based on information theory and a few simple and verifiable assumptions, semi-quantitative model of image mutual information under varying measurement numbers is established. It is the Gaussian characteristics of the bucket detector output probability distribution that leads to this negative exponential behavior. Designed experiments verify the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Fractional Transport of Photons in Deterministic Aperiodic Structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2259. [PMID: 28536441 PMCID: PMC5442164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The propagation of optical pulses through primary types of deterministic aperiodic structures is numerically studied in time domain using the rigorous transfer matrix method in combination with analytical fractional transport models. We demonstrate tunable anomalous photon transport, including the elusive logarithmic Sinai sub-diffusion in photonic systems for the first time. Our results are in excellent agreement with the scaling theory of transport in aperiodic media with fractal spectra, and additionally demonstrate logarithmic sub-diffusion in the presence of multifractality. Moreover, we establish a fruitful connection between tunable photon diffusion and fractional dynamics, which provides analytical insights into the asymptotic transport regime of optical media with deterministic aperiodic order. The demonstration of tunable sub-diffusion and logarithmic photon transport in deterministic aperiodic structures can open novel and fascinating scenarios for the engineering of wave propagation and light-matter interaction phenomena beyond the conventional diffusive regime.
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