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Stein J, Pabst A, Berger K, Karch A, Teismann H, Streit F, Grabe HJ, Mikolajczyk R, Massag J, Lieb W, Castell S, Heise JK, Schulze MB, Gastell S, Harth V, Obi N, Peters A, Huemer MT, Bohmann P, Leitzmann M, Schipf S, Meinke-Franze C, Hebestreit A, Fuhr DC, Michels KB, Jaskulski S, Stocker H, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Willich SN, Keil T, Löffler M, Wirkner K, Riedel-Heller SG. Mental health of individuals with pre-existing mental illnesses at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1451631. [PMID: 39377001 PMCID: PMC11456423 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a range of studies on mental health, with mixed results. While numerous studies reported worsened conditions in individuals with pre-existing mental disorders, others showed resilience and stability in mental health. However, longitudinal data focusing on the German population are sparse, especially regarding effects of age and pre-existing mental disorders during the early stages of the pandemic. Objectives To assess the interplay between psychiatric history, age, and the timing of the pandemic, with a focus on understanding how these factors relate to the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. Methods Exploratory analyses were based on 135,445 individuals aged 20-72 years from the German National Cohort (NAKO). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed before and after the first wave of the pandemic. Inferential statistical analyses and negative binomial regression models were calculated. Results Persons with a self-reported psychiatric history exhibited comparable levels of depression and anxiety symptom severity after the first wave of the pandemic compared to the time before. In contrast, individuals without a psychiatric history, particularly those in their 20s to 40s, experienced an increase in mental health symptom severity during the first wave of the pandemic. Limitations Analyses focuses on the first wave of the pandemic, leaving the long-term mental health effects unexplored. Conclusion Future research should consider age-specific and mental-health-related factors when addressing global health crises. Additionally, it is important to explore factors influencing resilience and adaptation, aiming to develop targeted interventions and informed policies for effective mental health management during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Stein
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janka Massag
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Study Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute of Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute of Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site München-Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Huemer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Bohmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniela C. Fuhr
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jaskulski
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Koch-Gallenkamp
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan N. Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases LIFE, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Mohebbi F, Forati AM, Torres L, deRoon-Cassini TA, Harris J, Tomas CW, Mantsch JR, Ghose R. Exploring the Association Between Structural Racism and Mental Health: Geospatial and Machine Learning Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52691. [PMID: 38701436 PMCID: PMC11102033 DOI: 10.2196/52691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural racism produces mental health disparities. While studies have examined the impact of individual factors such as poverty and education, the collective contribution of these elements, as manifestations of structural racism, has been less explored. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, with its racial and socioeconomic diversity, provides a unique context for this multifactorial investigation. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to delineate the association between structural racism and mental health disparities in Milwaukee County, using a combination of geospatial and deep learning techniques. We used secondary data sets where all data were aggregated and anonymized before being released by federal agencies. METHODS We compiled 217 georeferenced explanatory variables across domains, initially deliberately excluding race-based factors to focus on nonracial determinants. This approach was designed to reveal the underlying patterns of risk factors contributing to poor mental health, subsequently reintegrating race to assess the effects of racism quantitatively. The variable selection combined tree-based methods (random forest) and conventional techniques, supported by variance inflation factor and Pearson correlation analysis for multicollinearity mitigation. The geographically weighted random forest model was used to investigate spatial heterogeneity and dependence. Self-organizing maps, combined with K-means clustering, were used to analyze data from Milwaukee communities, focusing on quantifying the impact of structural racism on the prevalence of poor mental health. RESULTS While 12 influential factors collectively accounted for 95.11% of the variability in mental health across communities, the top 6 factors-smoking, poverty, insufficient sleep, lack of health insurance, employment, and age-were particularly impactful. Predominantly, African American neighborhoods were disproportionately affected, which is 2.23 times more likely to encounter high-risk clusters for poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that structural racism shapes mental health disparities, with Black community members disproportionately impacted. The multifaceted methodological approach underscores the value of integrating geospatial analysis and deep learning to understand complex social determinants of mental health. These insights highlight the need for targeted interventions, addressing both individual and systemic factors to mitigate mental health disparities rooted in structural racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mohebbi
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amir Masoud Forati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lucas Torres
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Terri A deRoon-Cassini
- Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Community Relations-Social Development Commission, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Carissa W Tomas
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John R Mantsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Rina Ghose
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Mokhtari Dinani M, Rezaei Pandari A, Divjan Z, Afshar Jahanshahi A. Prevention and control of violence and aggression in football fans: Implications for sport psychologists, fans, and policymakers. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37916858 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2258487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted to design an interpretive structural model of factors affecting the prevention and control of violence and aggression in football fans. The statistical population of this study was entirely composed of sport experts, executive managers, sociologists, and management professors in Iran. Thirteen individuals were accordingly selected as the research sample using non-probability purposeful sampling. The effective factors were identified through library study and reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background. Confirming the content validity of these factors by considering experts' opinions, 14 factors were finally identified. The interrelationships between the factors were determined using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and network analysis based on Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was also employed to measure their importance, ranking them accordingly. The factors were categorized into four levels according to ISM. The highest level (first level) includes "match day service quality," "fair refereeing," "consolidation of social ties," and "cognitive reconstruction of fans." The second level contains "design, protection, and security of stadiums," "patterning and identification," and "use of calming techniques." "Awareness and informing" and "anger control training" belong to the third level, while the lowest level (fourth level) includes "media," "fan organizations," "laws, regulations, and security solutions," "moral education or persuasion," and "teaching communication skills to fans." Among them, the last level is fundamental, influencing the other factors. The results obtained in this work can be used as a basis for policymaking to reduce violence and aggression among football fans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mokhtari Dinani
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei Pandari
- Department of Management and Economy, Faculty of Management and Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Divjan
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi
- CENTRUM Catolica Graduate Business School, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Lima, Peru
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Giovanis E, Ozdamar O. Coping Strategies, well-being and inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic period. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37359668 PMCID: PMC10162901 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the globe have carried on strict lockdown measures affecting millions of jobs, public life, and the well-being of people. This study examines people's subjective well-being, such as the perception of the economic situation and mental well-being, who made adjustments to cope with the earning losses. We estimate the well-being cost, which is the money required to compensate people because of the reduction in earnings or employment loss and the coping strategy followed to bring their well-being to the levels of those who have not adopted any coping strategy. We examine two outcomes; the perception of the economic situation and a mental well-being index. We employ data from the ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Surveys for Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. The results show that coping strategies with earning losses impact well-being and are associated with high costs. In most cases, the coping strategies of borrowing from banks and selling assets present the highest well-being costs. Furthermore, the estimates highlight significant discrepancies across gender and types of workers, such as those employed in the informal sector and temporary contracts. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04710-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Giovanis
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of International Trade and Business, Izmir Bakircay University, Menemen, İzmir Turkey
| | - Oznur Ozdamar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of International Trade and Business, Izmir Bakircay University, Menemen, İzmir Turkey
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Abstract
The measures put in place to contain the rapid spread of COVID-19 infection, such as quarantine, self-isolation, and lockdown, were supportive but have significantly affected the mental wellbeing of individuals. The primary goal of this study was to review the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. An intensive literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsyciatryOnline, PubMed, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Articles published between January 2020 and June 2022 were retrieved and appraised. Reviews and retrospective studies were excluded. One hundred and twenty-two (122) relevant articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were finally selected. A high prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorders was reported. Alcohol and substance abuse, domestic violence, stigmatization, and suicidal tendencies have all been identified as direct consequences of lockdown. The eminent risk factors for mental health disorders identified during COVID-19 include fear of infection, history of mental illness, poor financial status, female gender, and alcohol drinking. The protective factors for mental health include higher income levels, public awareness, psychological counseling, social and government support. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a number of mental disorders in addition to economic hardship. This strongly suggests the need to monitor the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
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Kalenik AM, Topolski M, Górnik J, Wolańczyk T. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children with psychiatric diagnoses - multidimensional CCPCA Model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:495. [PMID: 35870970 PMCID: PMC9308485 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to assess the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. METHODS Online questionnaires were used to investigate three groups of subjects: patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, primary school pupils, and children from children's homes. A total of 167 children with their parents or guardians participated in the study. In addition to basic statistics, a multidimensional Centroid Class Principal Component Analysis (CCPCA) model was used. RESULTS It was found that the strongest fear of the coronavirus was experienced by children from children's homes, while the most severe depressive symptoms and state anxiety were observed among patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. Parental care by assisting with school education and lack of close contact with other people (less than two metres) at parents/guardians' work had the most potent protective effect in reducing the fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for further research in children and adolescents to develop effective strategies for protecting their mental well-being when faced with social isolation or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Kalenik
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Topolski
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Górnik
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen J, Zhang SX, Yin A, Yáñez JA. Mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05011. [PMID: 35604881 PMCID: PMC9126304 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to 1) summarize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, distress, insomnia, and PTSD in the adult population during the first year of the COVID pandemic in developing countries and 2) uncover and highlight the uneven distribution of research on mental health in all developing countries across regions. Methods Several literature databases were systemically searched for meta-analyses published by September 22, 2021, on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms in developing countries worldwide. We meta-analysed the raw data of the individual empirical results from the previous meta-analysis papers in developing countries in different regions. Results The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were summarized based on 341 empirical studies with a total of 1 704 072 participants from 40 out of 167 developing countries in Africa, Asia (East, Southeast, South, and West), Europe, and Latin America. Comparatively, Africa (39%) and West Asia (35%) had the worse overall mental health symptoms, followed by Latin America (32%). The prevalence rates of overall mental health symptoms of medical students (38%), general adult students (30%), and frontline health care workers (HCWs) (27%) were higher than those of general HCWs (25%) and general populations (23%). Among five mental health symptoms, distress (29%) and depression (27%) were the most prevalent. Interestingly, people in the least developing countries suffered less than those in emergent and other developing countries. The various instruments employed lead to result heterogeneity, demonstrating the importance of using the well-established instruments with the standard cut-off points (eg, GAD-7, GAD-2, and DASS-21 for anxiety, PHQ-9 and DASS-21 for depression, and ISI for insomnia). Conclusions The research effort on mental health in developing countries during COVID-19 has been highly uneven in the scope of countries and mental health outcomes. This meta-analysis, the largest on this topic to date, shows that the mental health symptoms are highly prevalent yet differ across regions. The accumulated systematic evidence from this study can help enable the prioritization of mental health assistance efforts to allocate attention and resources across countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen X Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jaime A Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Gerencia Corporativa de Asuntos Científicos y Regulatorios, Teoma Global, Lima, Peru
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Li L, Zhang SX, Graf-Vlachy L. Predicting Managers' Mental Health Across Countries: Using Country-Level COVID-19 Statistics. Front Public Health 2022; 10:791977. [PMID: 35664112 PMCID: PMC9160832 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.791977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited research focusing on publicly available statistics on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as predictors of mental health across countries. Managers are at risk of suffering from mental disorders during the pandemic because they face particular hardship. Objective We aim to predict mental disorder (anxiety and depression) symptoms of managers across countries using country-level COVID-19 statistics. Methods A two-wave online survey of 406 managers from 26 countries was performed in May and July 2020. We used logistic panel regression models for our main analyses and performed robustness checks using ordinary least squares regressions. In the sample, 26.5% of managers reached the cut-off levels for anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7) and 43.5% did so for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) symptoms. Findings We found that cumulative COVID-19 statistics (e.g., cumulative cases, cumulative cases per million, cumulative deaths, and cumulative deaths per million) predicted managers' anxiety and depression symptoms positively, whereas daily COVID-19 statistics (daily new cases, smoothed daily new cases, daily new deaths, smoothed daily new deaths, daily new cases per million, and smoothed daily new cases per million) predicted anxiety and depression symptoms negatively. In addition, the reproduction rate was a positive predictor, while stringency of governmental lockdown measures was a negative predictor. Individually, we found that the cumulative count of deaths is the most suitable single predictor of both anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions Cumulative COVID-19 statistics predicted managers' anxiety and depression symptoms positively, while non-cumulative daily COVID-19 statistics predicted anxiety and depression symptoms negatively. Cumulative count of deaths is the most suitable single predictor of both anxiety and depression symptoms. Reproduction rate was a positive predictor, while stringency of governmental lockdown measures was a negative predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lorenz Graf-Vlachy
- TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- ESCP Business School, Paris, France
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Chen X, Chen J, Zhang M, Dong RK, Li J, Dong Z, Ye Y, Tong L, Zhao R, Cao W, Li P, Zhang SX. Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833865. [PMID: 35370861 PMCID: PMC8972157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Chinese Open Science Network, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Strategy, School of Economic and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyao Tong
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenrui Cao
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peikai Li
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Family Enterprise Discipline, Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang SX, Miller SO, Xu W, Yin A, Chen BZ, Delios A, Dong RK, Chen RZ, McIntyre RS, Wan X, Wang S, Chen J. Meta-analytic evidence of depression and anxiety in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2000132. [PMID: 35186214 PMCID: PMC8856103 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a systematic and meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms including anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Eastern Europe, as well as three select sub-populations: students, general healthcare workers, and frontline healthcare workers. Data sources Studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv up to 6 February 2021. Eligibility criteria and data analysis Prevalence rates of mental health symptoms in the general population and key sub-populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression. Results The meta-analysis identifies and includes 21 studies and 26 independent samples in Eastern Europe. Poland (n = 4), Serbia (n = 4), Russia (n = 3), and Croatia (n = 3) had the greatest number of studies. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in eleven Eastern European countries including Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 18 studies with 22 samples was 30% (95% CI: 24-37%) pooled prevalence of depression in 18 studies with 23 samples was 27% (95% CI: 21-34%). Implications The cumulative evidence from the meta-analysis reveals high prevalence rates of clinically significant symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. The findings suggest evidence of a potential mental health crisis in Eastern Europe during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our synthesis also reveals a relative lack of studies in certain Eastern European countries as well as high heterogeneities among the existing studies, calling for more effort to achieve evidence-based mental healthcare in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saylor O. Miller
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Andrew Delios
- College of Business, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senhu Wang
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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