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Meng A, Luan B, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Guo B, Zhang B. Exploring changes in aggregation and gel network morphology of soybean protein isolate induced by pH, NaCl, and temperature in view of interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132911. [PMID: 38844293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The texture of soybean protein-based products is primarily influenced by the aggregation and gel morphology of the protein, which is modulated by manufacturing factors. Interactions involved in protein morphology changes include disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Notably, an interaction perspective probably provides a new way to explaining the aggregation and gel morphology, which could help overcome the hurdle of developing a textured product. Based on the interaction perspective, this review provides detailed information and evidence on aggregation, conformational stability, and gel network morphology of soybean protein and its components induced by pH, NaCl, and temperature. pH-induced electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, NaCl-induced electrostatic interactions, and temperature-induced hydrophobic interactions and disulfide linkages are the main motivations responsible for changes in soybean aggregation and gel morphology. By reducing the proportion of strong-interactions, such as disulfide linkages and hydrophobic interactions, and increasing the proportion of weak-interactions, such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, the protein total surface area expands, indicating increased conformational stretching and decreased cohesion. This possibly results in reduced hardness and increased toughness of textured proteins. The opposite effect can be observed when the proportion of strong interactions is increased and that of weak interactions is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Meng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binyu Luan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research and Development Center Company Limited, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Boli Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Padmapriya D, Shanthi C. Hydrolysates with emulsifying properties prepared from protein wastes using microbial protease. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1847-1857. [PMID: 38752117 PMCID: PMC11091031 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based protein hydrolysates have found applications in food industry for emulsification, foaming, and increasing shelf life of food products. The objective of this study is to isolate protease-secreting bacteria hydrolyzing protein waste, and subjecting the resultant hydrolysates for the characterization for application in the food industry. Peanut cake hydrolysates were prepared using proteases from two microorganisms selected for the purpose, viz., Aneurinibacillus migulanus, VITPM11 and Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus, VITPS07. The cleavage specificity of the proteases from VITPM11 and VITPS07 were found to be like plasmin and elastase respectively. The cleaving sites of proteases for peanut proteins were predicted using expasy tool. The protease of VITPM11 had maximal activity of 325.8 ± 0.1 U/mL in peanut-cake media. The degree of hydrolysis (32.03 ± 0.89%), solubility (88.5 ± 1.18%), emulsion stability index (89.76 ± 2.80) and foaming stability (68.67 ± 1.53%) properties of VITPM11 protease correlated well with results from bioinformatic studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01490-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Padmapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - C. Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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Zhang Q, Dou L, Sun T, Li X, Xue B, Xie J, Bian X, Shao Z, Gan J. Physicochemical and functional property of the Maillard reaction products of soy protein isolate with L-arabinose/D-galactose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7040-7049. [PMID: 37318938 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein isolate (SPI) is widely used in the food industry because of its nutritional and functional properties. During food processing and storage, the interaction with co-existing sugars can cause changes in the structural and functional properties of SPI. In this study, SPI-l-arabinose conjugate (SPI:Ara) and SPI-d-galactose conjugate (SPI:Gal) were prepared using Maillard reaction (MR), and the effects of five-carbon/six-carbon sugars on the structural information and function of SPI were compared. RESULTS MR unfolded and stretched the SPI, changing its ordered conformation into disorder. Lysine and arginine of SPI were bonded with the carbonyl group of sugar. The MR between SPI and l-arabinose has a higher degree of glycosylation compared to d-galactose. MR of SPI enhanced its solubility, emulsifying property and foaming property. Compared with SPI:Ara, SPI:Gal exhibited better aforementioned properties. The functionalities of amphiphilic SPI were enhanced by MR, SPI:Gal possessed better hypoglycemic effect, fat binding capacity and bile acid binding ability than SPI:Ara. MR endowed SPI with enhanced biological activities, SPI:Ara showed higher antioxidant activities, and SPI:Gal exhibited stronger antibacterial activities. CONCLUSION Our work revealed that l-arabinose/d-galactose exhibited different effects on the structural information of SPI, and further affected its physicochemical and functional property. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanxing Dou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Bian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuai Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Gan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Gul O, Gul LB, Baskıncı T, Parlak ME, Saricaoglu FT. Influence of pH and ionic strength on the bulk and interfacial rheology and technofunctional properties of hazelnut meal protein isolate. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112906. [PMID: 37254341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional, bulk, and interfacial shear rheological properties of hazelnut protein isolate were studied at different pH values between 3.0 and 8.0 and ionic strength levels between 0.0 and 1.0 M. The results showed that pH significantly affected protein solubility, emulsion properties, water and oil holding capacities, foam stability, surface hydrophobicity, and free -SH groups. The highest surface hydrophobicity, free -SH groups, and better functional properties were observed at pH 8.0. Protein solubility also increased with increasing ionic strength up to 0.6 M. The emulsion and foam stability of hazelnut protein isolate showed similar changes with protein solubility. The flow behavior of hazelnut protein suspensions was found to be shear thinning with the highest consistency index at pH 3.0 and the lowest at pH 6.0, however, the ionic strength did not significantly affect the consistency coefficient but did cause a significant change in the flow behavior index, with the lowest value observed at 0.6 M. The best gel structure in hazelnut proteins was observed at pH 3.0 and 4.0. The addition of ions at 0.4 and 0.6 M concentrations resulted in an improved viscoelastic character. The hazelnut protein isolate was also found to form solid-like viscoelastic layers at both air-water and oil-water interfaces, with the interfacial adsorption behavior affected by both pH and ionic strength. Overall, these results suggest that pH and ionic strength have significant effects on the functional and rheological properties of hazelnut protein isolate, which may have the potential as an auxiliary substance in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Gul
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Latife Betul Gul
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Baskıncı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Ekrem Parlak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Furkan Turker Saricaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
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Castro-Criado D, Jiménez-Rosado M, Perez-Puyana V, Romero A. Soy Protein Isolate as Emulsifier of Nanoemulsified Beverages: Rheological and Physical Evaluation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030507. [PMID: 36766036 PMCID: PMC9914127 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biologically active molecules or the addition of new bioactive ingredients in foods, thereby producing functional foods, has been improved with nanoemulsion technology. In this sense, the aim of this work was to develop nanoemulsified beverages as potential candidates for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, whose integrity and release across the intestinal tract are controlled by the structure and stability of the interfaces. To achieve this, firstly, a by-product rich-in protein has been evaluated as a potential candidate to act as an emulsifier (chemical content, amino acid composition, solubility, ζ-potential and surface tension were evaluated). Later, emulsions with different soy protein isolate concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%), pH values (2, 4, 6 and 8) and homogenization pressures (100, 120 and 140 PSI) were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer after a pre-emulsion formation. Physical (stability via Backscattering and drop size evolution) and rheological (including interfacial analysis) characterizations of emulsions were carried out to characterize their potential as delivery emulsion systems. According to the results obtained, the nanoemulsions showed the best stability when the protein concentration was 2.0 wt%, pH 2.0 and 120 PSI was applied as homogenization pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castro-Criado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.-C.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Víctor Perez-Puyana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.-C.); (A.R.)
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Interaction of whey protein isolate and natural deep eutectic solvents: Effect on conductivity, surface tension, stability, and flow behaviour. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wojciechowski K. Surface tension of native and modified plant seed proteins. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102641. [PMID: 35299137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present review, dedicated to Prof. Zbigniew Adamczyk on the occasion of his 70th anniversary, covers the literature data on surface tension and surface compression (dilational) rheology of the adsorbed layers of 21 plant seed proteins (10 leguminous and 11 non-leguminous plants). They are typically analyzed as protein concentrates or isolates, the latter usually obtained by isoelectric precipitation or diafiltration. Despite generally lower solubility, as compared to their animal counterparts (lactoglobulins, caseins, albumins, etc.), the plant seed proteins are also capable of lowering surface tension and forming viscoelastic adsorbed layers. Many seed proteins serve mostly as amino acids reservoirs for the future seedling (storage proteins), hence their instantaneous amphiphilicity is not always sufficient to induce strong adsorption at the aqueous-air interface. They can be, however, conveniently unfolded, hydrolyzed and/or chemically/enzymatically modified to expose more hydrophilic or hydrophobic patches. As shown in numerous contributions reviewed below, the resulting shift of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance can boost their surface activity to the level comparable to that of many animal proteins or low molecular weight surfactants. An important advantage of the plant seed proteins over the animal ones is their much lower environmental cost and abundance in many plants (e.g. ~40% in sunflower or soybean seeds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
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