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Han M, Qie Q, Liu M, Meng H, Wu T, Yang Y, Niu L, Sun G, Wang Y. Clonal growth characteristics and diversity patterns of different Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae) diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the Hualongshan Mountains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15509. [PMID: 38969683 PMCID: PMC11226640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization plays an important role in plant evolution and biodiversity. However, intraspecific polyploidy compared to interspecific polyploidy received less attention. Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae) possess diploid (2n = 2x = 14) and autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) cytotypes. In the Hualongshan Mountains, the autotetraploids grew on the northern slope, while the diploids grew on the southern slopes. The clonal growth characteristics and clonal architecture were measured and analyzed by field observations and morphological methods. The diversity level and differentiation patterns for two different cytotypes were investigated using SSR markers. The results showed that the clonal growth parameters, such as the bud numbers of each rhizome node and the ratio of rhizome branches in the autotetraploids were higher than those in the diploids. Both the diploids and autotetraploids appeared phalanx clonal architectures with short internodes between ramets. However, the ramets or genets of the diploids had a relatively scattered distribution, while those of the autotetraploids were relatively clumping. The diploids and autotetraploids all allocated more biomass to their vegetative growth. The diploids had a higher allocation to reproductive organs than that of autotetraploids, which indicated that the tetraploids invested more resources in clonal reproduction than diploids. The clone diversity and genetic diversity of the autotetraploids were higher than that of the diploids. Significant genetic differentiation between two different cytotypes was observed (P < 0.01). During establishment and evolution, C. udensis autotetraploids employed more clumping phalanx clonal architecture and exhibited more genetic variation than the diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Han
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Qiyang Qie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Meilan Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Huiqin Meng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yadi Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lingling Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Botany, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Arruda KCR, Lenzi M, Takahasi A, Paggi GM. Investigating the reproductive strategies of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae), an endangered and restricted species from South American rocky outcrops. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:37. [PMID: 38951237 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Studies of reproductive biology and resources availability to floral visitors by plant species are important to understand the plant-pollinator interactions that drive species adaptation. We aim to understand the relationship between reproduction mechanisms of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae) and pollinators. The species occurs in Bolivia and Paraguay, and it is the only species of the genus found in Brazil, where it is restricted to ironstone outcrops. These areas are currently threatened by the iron mining industry. Additionally, they face risks from fire occurrence and grazing by cattle. We analyzed the floral biology, reproductive system, phenology, and pollination ecology of a natural population of Deuterocohnia meziana, from ironstone outcrops in Brazil. The species exhibits diurnal anthesis, with stigma receptive throughout anthesis, and 77% of pollen viability. Deuterocohnia meziana produces relatively large amounts of nectar, especially early in the morning (32.8 ± 9.4 μl), with a mean sugar concentration of 23.5 (± 3.2) ºBrix. It is self-incompatible with a peak flowering occurring in August (dry season), although flowers are observed continuously throughout the year. The species exhibits two types of inflorescences, young and mature, among which an average of 13.1 and 3.6 flowers open per day, respectively. Hummingbirds and bees are the effective pollinators, although butterflies and ants also visit D. meziana flowers. The species is reliant on exogenous pollen and pollinators for fruit set. The continuous conservation of D. meziana populations and their communities is essential for preserving plant-pollinator mutualism and the floral community adapted to ironstone outcrops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C R Arruda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, 79304-902, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lenzi
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, 79304-902, Brazil
| | - Adriana Takahasi
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gecele M Paggi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº - Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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Chen M, Hussain S, Liu Y, Mustafa G, Hu B, Qin Z, Wang X. Responses of soil seed bank and its above-ground vegetation to various reclamation patterns. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106436. [PMID: 38479293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Coastal land reclamation has become a primary strategy for alleviating conflicts between human development and land resource utilization. However, anthropogenic activities associated with land reclamation inevitably result in significant changes to coastal wetland ecosystems. Previous studies have mainly focused on the ecological consequences of land reclamation on above-ground vegetation, while overlooking the distinctions between different reclamation patterns and the critical role of soil seed bank in maintaining ecosystem stability. In this study, the responses of soil seed bank and vegetation to various reclamation patterns, as well as the factors influencing changes in seed bank characteristics, were analyzed in a natural coastal wetland (NCW), a reclaimed wetland with sea embankments constructed on native wetland (SEW), and another reclaimed wetland formed through land reclamation from the sea (LRW). These findings suggest that seed banks and their vegetation adopt different adaptation strategies under various reclamation patterns. In the NCW, the proportion of non-halophytes (1.39%), diversity, and density of the seed bank were at their lowest levels, whereas the species compositions derived from the seed bank and vegetation were very similar (similarity coefficient = 0.67). Conversely, the seed bank in the SEW demonstrated the highest species diversity, which differed significantly from the species composition of its above-ground vegetation (similarity coefficient = 0.21). However, the highest proportion of non-halophytes (36.60%), vegetation diversity, and seed bank density occurred in LRW. Furthermore, differences in seed bank characteristics under different reclamation patterns may be related to changes in soil salinity and plant reproductive strategies after reclamation. Adjusting reclamation patterns and restoring soil properties could potentially optimize the types of local plant species and their distribution in reclaimed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Sarfraz Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bingtao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhirui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Saixiyala, Chen L, Yi F, Qiu X, Sun H, Cao H, Baoyin T, Ye X, Huang Z. Warming in combination with increased precipitation mediate the sexual and clonal reproduction in the desert steppe dominant species Stipa breviflora. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:474. [PMID: 37807079 PMCID: PMC10561481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal plants can successfully adapt to various ecosystems. A trade-off between sexual and clonal reproduction is generally assumed in clonal plants, which may be influenced both by the characteristics of the plant itself and environmental conditions. Currently, it is unclear how climate change, and specifically warming and increased precipitation, might affect sexual and clonal reproduction in clonal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate both the sexual and clonal reproduction responses of Stipa breviflora to warming and increased precipitation. A controlled experiment was conducted by inducing increases in precipitation (ambient condition, 25% and 50% increases) and warming (ambient temperature, 1.5 °C and 3.0 °C increases). RESULTS Warming significantly influenced both the ratio of reproductive ramet shoot biomass to total shoot biomass, and the ratio of reproductive ramet number to total ramet number. Additionally, the ratio of reproductive ramet shoot biomass to total shoot biomass was also significantly affected by increased precipitation. Increased precipitation benefited sexual reproduction, while effects of warming on reproductive and/or vegetative ramets varied from negative to positive depending on precipitation conditions. There was no relationship between the number or shoot biomass of reproductive ramets and vegetative ramets. Reproductive ramets displayed greater sensitivity to climate change than vegetative ramets. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that there was no trade-off between sexual and clonal reproduction in S. breviflora. The combined impact of warming and increased precipitation promoted sexual reproduction but did not inhibit clonal reproduction. Clonal plants with the capacity for both sexual and clonal reproduction, may cope with climate change well via clonal reproduction, ensuring their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiyala
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Fengyan Yi
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hailian Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hongxia Cao
- Suzhou Vocational Technical College, Suzhou, 234099, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Xuehua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
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Kang H, An SM, Park YJ, Lee YB, Lee JH, Cheon KS, Kim KA. Population Genomics Study and Implications for the Conservation of Zabelia tyaihyonii Based on Genotyping-By-Sequencing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:171. [PMID: 36616299 PMCID: PMC9823854 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zabelia tyaihyonii (Nakai) Hisauti and H. Hara is a perennial shrub endemic to Republic of Korea that grows naturally in only a very limited region of the dolomite areas of Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do Provinces in the Republic of Korea. Given its geographical characteristics, it is more vulnerable than more widely distributed species. Despite the need for comprehensive information to support conservation, population genetic information for this species is very scarce. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of 94 individuals from six populations of Z. tyaihyonii using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to provide important information for proper conservation and management. Our results, based on 3088 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), showed a mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.233, no sign of within-population inbreeding (GIS that was close to or even below zero in all populations), and a high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.170). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the principal molecular variance existed within populations (84.5%) rather than among populations (17.0%). We suggested that six management units were proposed for conservation considering Bayesian structure analysis and phylogenetic analysis, and given the various current situations faced by Z. tyaihyonii, it is believed that not only the in situ conservation but also the ex situ conservation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halam Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Mo An
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jung Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Bin Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sik Cheon
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Environmental Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Wibowo AT, Antunez-Sanchez J, Dawson A, Price J, Meehan C, Wrightsman T, Collenberg M, Bezrukov I, Becker C, Benhamed M, Weigel D, Gutierrez-Marcos J. Predictable and stable epimutations induced during clonal plant propagation with embryonic transcription factor. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010479. [PMID: 36383565 PMCID: PMC9731469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal propagation is frequently used in commercial plant breeding and biotechnology programs because it minimizes genetic variation, yet it is not uncommon to observe clonal plants with stable phenotypic changes, a phenomenon known as somaclonal variation. Several studies have linked epigenetic modifications induced during regeneration with this newly acquired phenotypic variation. However, the factors that determine the extent of somaclonal variation and the molecular changes underpinning this process remain poorly understood. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared clonally propagated Arabidopsis thaliana plants derived from somatic embryogenesis using two different embryonic transcription factors- RWP-RK DOMAIN-CONTAINING 4 (RKD4) or LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) and from two epigenetically distinct founder tissues. We found that both the epi(genetic) status of the explant and the regeneration protocol employed play critical roles in shaping the molecular and phenotypic landscape of clonal plants. Phenotypic variation in regenerated plants can be largely explained by the inheritance of tissue-specific DNA methylation imprints, which are associated with specific transcriptional and metabolic changes in sexual progeny of clonal plants. For instance, regenerants were particularly affected by the inheritance of root-specific epigenetic imprints, which were associated with an increased accumulation of salicylic acid in leaves and accelerated plant senescence. Collectively, our data reveal specific pathways underpinning the phenotypic and molecular variation that arise and accumulate in clonal plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Tri Wibowo
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Alexander Dawson
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Price
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Cathal Meehan
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Wrightsman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Maximillian Collenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ilja Bezrukov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique, University of Évry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (DW); (JGM)
| | - Jose Gutierrez-Marcos
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DW); (JGM)
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Gaskin JF, Littlefield JL, Rand TA, West NM. Variation in reproductive mode across the latitudinal range of invasive Russian knapweed. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac032. [PMID: 35937548 PMCID: PMC9346633 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For invading species, reproduction is a critical determinant of population establishment as well as spread into new areas. When species have multiple modes of reproduction, the prevalence of different modes can influence management decisions. We used genetic markers to determine the prevalent method of recruitment for invasive Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens). This species forms patches and can spread by both rhizomic growth and seed from outcrossing. We found no shared genotypes between 41 western North American populations, indicating at the macroscale, Russian knapweed is spreading via seed to distant locations. We also examined drivers of reproductive mode by comparing clonality with large-scale environmental factors across the invasion. We found a correlation between latitude and clonal versus seed reproduction, with clonality higher in northern latitude populations. This trend was associated most parsimoniously with decreasing maximum annual temperature and 30-year average of available growing degree days, and increasing soil organic carbon content. These results have management implications: if not properly temporally implemented, grazing or herbicide applications that create open spaces for recruitment may increase the likelihood of Russian knapweed patch persistence through seed, and recently released galling biological control agents in North America may be less effective in northern latitudes where Russian knapweed spread by seed is less prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Littlefield
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tatyana A Rand
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - Natalie M West
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
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Kocot D, Sitek E, Nowak B, Kołton A, Stachurska-Swakoń A, Towpasz K. The Effectiveness of the Sexual Reproduction in Selected Clonal and Nonclonal Species of the Genus Ranunculus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010085. [PMID: 35053083 PMCID: PMC8772756 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The genus Ranunculus (buttercup) includes over 600 species, some of which are endangered, e.g., Illyrian Buttercup. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of such species may be crucial for conservation action. For this purpose, six species with different reproduction modes (nonclonal reproducing sexually by seeds only, clonal propagating by seeds and additionally vegetatively and apomictic) were observed. Selected features related to the efficiency of sexual reproduction were described: pollen viability, number of fruit set, seed viability and germination. It has been shown that in clonal species, which include the Illyrian Buttercup, the efficiency of sexual reproduction is lower compared to nonclonal species. The results will support conservation action taken for this species. Abstract Generative processes have been evaluated in six European buttercup species in order to verify the hypothesis that the reproduction efficiency of clonal species is lower than that of nonclonal ones. The study covered common species (Ficaria verna, Ranunculus auricomus, R. bulbosus, R. cassubicus, R. lanuginosus) and the endangered R. illyricus. The following properties have been assessed: pollen viability (staining method), pollen grain germination and the pollen-tube elongation in pistil tissues (fluorescence microscopy), seed formation efficiency, seed viability (tetrazolium test) and germination ability by introducing factors interrupting dormancy (low temperature and gibberellin application). Additionally, the pistil morphology was documented for R. bulbosus, R. illyricus and R. cassubicus using SEM techniques. It was demonstrated that the reproductive efficiency, expressed as the production of viable seeds able to germinate, was significantly higher in the species reproducing sexually (especially in R. lanuginosus) compared to the clonal ones. However, the complexity observed leads to separation of an additional group (cluster) of apomictic species: R. auricomus and R. cassubicus, distinguished by the lowest pollen viability and a low ability of the seeds to germinate. In the vegetatively reproducing R. illyricus, the seed formation efficiency was just 13.2% despite the having highest number of pistils in its flowers. The developed seeds of this species observed in our experiment were viable, but in general effective methods to stimulate their germination have not been proposed yet. Here, the first comparative study concerning the biology of sexual reproduction of R. illyricus is presented in the context of its decreasing distribution in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Kocot
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (D.K.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ewa Sitek
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (D.K.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (D.K.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-6252-5198; Fax: +48-12-662-5266
| | - Anna Kołton
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (D.K.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alina Stachurska-Swakoń
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.T.)
| | - Krystyna Towpasz
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.T.)
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9
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Borghi CE, Rodríguez Navas A, Andino N. A subterranean ecosystem-engineering rodent influences plant emergence and reproductive strategy in a high-altitude cold desert. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Plant emergence from seed banks and from asexual reproduction could be strongly influenced by environmental and biological factors. Among environmental factors, animal disturbances deserve special consideration. In this study we test the hypothesis that disturbances resulting from the burrowing activity of Ctenomys affect plant emergence (sexual and asexual) in the south of the cold Puna desert. Richness and abundance of seedlings and sprouts growing in areas disturbed or undisturbed by Ctenomys were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the vegetative season. In general terms, the activity of Ctenomys does not affect richness of emerging species, but does have a significant influence on the type of emergence. Analyses between areas revealed that seedling emergence was significantly higher than sprout emergence in areas showing Ctenomys activity, whereas no significant differences were found between types of emergence in undisturbed areas. Although vegetative emergence was important, plant emergence from seeds appears to be relevant to the recolonization of areas disturbed by Ctenomys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Borghi
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Avenida Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biosfera (CIGEOBIO), UNSJ-CONICET, Avenida Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Alicia Rodríguez Navas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Avenida Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Natalia Andino
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Avenida Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biosfera (CIGEOBIO), UNSJ-CONICET, Avenida Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
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10
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García‐Morales E, Carrillo‐Ángeles IG, Golubov J, Piñero D, Mandujano MC. Influence of fruit dispersal on genotypic diversity and migration rates of a clonal cactus from the Chihuahuan Desert. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12559-12575. [PMID: 30619565 PMCID: PMC6308869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse offspring of clonal species differ in their dispersability, influencing genotypic diversity and clonal structure. Here, we determined dispersal patterns and their impact on genetic structure in Opuntia microdasys, a self-incompatible cactus with three dispersal units (one sexual and two clonal). We analyzed dispersal, using experiments at three populations, and assessed multilocus genotypes (ISSR markers) of all individuals in 10 clumps per population with known reproductive origin (sexual or clonal). Genotype of all samples, population structure, and migration between clumps and populations were assessed with GenAlEx and GenoDive, assuming higher genotypic diversity and migration when sexual reproduction is more frequent. We determined the most likely number of genetic clusters with STRUCTURE and geneland. Dispersal differed among populations; primary dispersal occurred at short distances and was farthest on steep slopes, and dispersal distance increased after secondary dispersal. Clumps had 116 different multilocus genotypes in three spatially explicit genetic clusters. We detected genetic structure at small scale, genotypic diversity among clumps varied between populations; diversity decreased while clonal dominance increased, and the most variation occurred among clumps. Genetic structure was moderate, suggesting gene flow by seed dispersal allows slight differentiation among population at large scales. Genetic diversity within clumps was the lowest because dispersal of clonal propagules was limited and caused genotypic dominance at local scale. However, the combined dispersal pattern of sexual and clonal dispersal units is fine-tuned by environmental factors, generating a range of genetic diversity among clusters and populations. This pattern suggests that genetic structure of clonal plants is more dynamic than thought, and dispersal of different types of offspring affects genetic structure at many scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick García‐Morales
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
| | | | - Jordan Golubov
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología VegetalDepartamento El Hombre y Su Ambiente‐CBS‐Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoMexico CityMexico
| | - Daniel Piñero
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
| | - María C. Mandujano
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
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Ronnås C, Werth S, Ovaskainen O, Várkonyi G, Scheidegger C, Snäll T. Discovery of long-distance gamete dispersal in a lichen-forming ascomycete. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:216-226. [PMID: 28782804 PMCID: PMC5655791 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of gamete and offspring dispersal range are required for the understanding and prediction of spatial population dynamics and species persistence. Little is known about gamete dispersal in fungi, especially in lichen-forming ascomycetes. Here, we estimate the dispersal functions of clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. We use hierarchical Bayesian parentage analysis, which integrates genetic and ecological information from multiannual colonization and dispersal source data collected in a large, old-growth forest landscape. The effective dispersal range of gametes is several hundred metres to kilometres from potential paternal individuals. By contrast, clonal propagules disperse only tens of metres, and ascospores disperse over several thousand metres. Our study reveals the dispersal distances of individual reproductive units; clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores, which is of great importance for a thorough understanding of the spatial dynamics of ascomycetes. Sexual reproduction occurs between distant individuals. However, whereas gametes and ascospores disperse over long distances, the overall rate of colonization of trees is low. Hence, establishment is the limiting factor for the colonization of new host trees by the lichen in old-growth landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ronnås
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7007UppsalaS‐75007Sweden
| | - Silke Werth
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of GrazHolteigasse 6Graz8010Austria
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 65HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimN‐7491Norway
| | - Gergely Várkonyi
- Friendship Park Research CentreFinnish Environment Institute SYKELentiirantie 342BKuhmoFI‐88900Finland
| | - Christoph Scheidegger
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape ResearchWSLZürcherstr. 111BirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| | - Tord Snäll
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7007UppsalaS‐75007Sweden
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Chen XS, Li YF, Xie YH, Deng ZM, Li X, Li F, Hou ZY. Trade-off between allocation to reproductive ramets and rhizome buds in Carex brevicuspis populations along a small-scale elevational gradient. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12688. [PMID: 26228352 PMCID: PMC4521143 DOI: 10.1038/srep12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The trade-off between allocation to sexual and clonal reproduction in clonal plants is influenced by a variety of environmental factors; however, it has rarely been examined under field conditions. In this study, we investigated the trade-off between two modes of reproduction in Carex brevicuspis C. B. Clarke across a small-scale elevational gradient (21–27 m a.s.l.) at the Dongting Lake wetlands, China. The proportion of biomass allocated to and the density of reproductive ramets were higher at low than at intermediate and high elevations. In contrast, the proportion of biomass allocated to and the density of rhizome buds were lower at low than at intermediate and high elevations. Redundancy analysis showed that sexual reproduction was positively correlated with soil moisture content, soil organic matter, total phosphorus, and pH, and negatively correlated with elevation and ramet density. Our findings suggested that allocation to sexual reproduction is favored in disturbed habitats with fertile soils, whereas allocation to vegetative propagation is favored in stable and competitive habitats. Trade-off between allocation to sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation along an elevational gradient might be a reproductive strategy of C. brevicuspis to adapt to the water level fluctuations in wetland habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-sheng Chen
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ya-fang Li
- 1] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China [2] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South Forestry University, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yong-hong Xie
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zheng-miao Deng
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xu Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Feng Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhi-yong Hou
- 1] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China [2] Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Wang YJ, Shi XP, Zhong ZC. The relative importance of sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in rhizomatous herb Iris japonica Thunb. from two habitats of Jinyun Mountain, Southwest China. RUSS J ECOL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106741361303017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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THURLBY KATIEAG, WILSON PETERG, SHERWIN WILLIAMB, CONNELLY CAROLYN, ROSSETTO MAURIZIO. Reproductive bet-hedging in a rare yet widespread rainforest tree,Syzygium paniculatum(Myrtaceae). AUSTRAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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