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Iovino M, Messana T, Marucci S, Triggiani D, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, Piazzolla G, De Pergola G, Lisco G, Triggiani V. The neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin and eating behaviors: a narrative review. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:15-23. [PMID: 37979096 PMCID: PMC10847364 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is crucial in several conditions, such as lactation, parturition, mother-infant interaction, and psychosocial function. Moreover, OT may be involved in the regulation of eating behaviors. METHODS This review briefly summarizes data concerning the role of OT in eating behaviors. Appropriate keywords and medical subject headings were identified and searched for in PubMed/MEDLINE. References of original articles and reviews were screened, examined, and selected. RESULTS Hypothalamic OT-secreting neurons project to different cerebral areas controlling eating behaviors, such as the amygdala, area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Intracerebral/ventricular OT administration decreases food intake and body weight in wild and genetically obese rats. OT may alter food intake and the quality of meals, especially carbohydrates and sweets, in humans. DISCUSSION OT may play a role in the pathophysiology of eating disorders with potential therapeutic perspectives. In obese patients and those with certain eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa or binge/compulsive eating, OT may reduce appetite and caloric consumption. Conversely, OT administered to patients with anorexia nervosa may paradoxically stimulate appetite, possibly by lowering anxiety which usually complicates the management of these patients. Nevertheless, OT administration (e.g., intranasal route) is not always associated with clinical benefit, probably because intranasally administered OT fails to achieve therapeutic intracerebral levels of the hormone. CONCLUSION OT administration could play a therapeutic role in managing eating disorders and disordered eating. However, specific studies are needed to clarify this issue with regard to dose-finding and route and administration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Tullio Messana
- Infantile Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS - Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta Marucci
- Università Campus Biomedico, Dip. "Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Uomo e l'ambiente", Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Bari, Apulia, Italy
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Rayatpour A, Radahmadi M, Izadi MS, Ghasemi M. Effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the hypothalamic paraventricular and central amygdala nuclei in male rats with a focus on food intake biomarkers. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200221. [PMID: 38088701 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CRH neurons are found in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and central amygdala(CeA) nuclei. This study investigated the effects of sub-chronic CRH administration into the PVN and CeA nuclei on food intake biomarkers in rats divided into five groups: control, two shams, and two CRH-PVN and CRH-CeA groups(receiving CRH in nuclei for seven days). The CRH-PVN group had significantly higher cumulative food intake and food intake trends than the CRH-CeA group. The CRH-CeA and CRH-PVN groups exhibited significant increases in food intake during hours 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, to be time-dependent, food intake is modulated by different brain nuclei. The CRH signaling pathway appeared to be activated later in the PVN than CeA. Both groups exhibited significantly higher leptin levels, the CRH-PVN group exhibited higher ghrelin levels and lower glucose levels. Repetitive administration of CRH into the PVN and CeA significantly reduced body weight differences. CRH administration into the PVN affected both leptin and ghrelin levels, but ghrelin had a greater impact on glucose variations and cumulative food intake than leptin. Finally, CRH administration into the PVN and CeA likely activated the HPA axis, and the CeA had a greater impact on the stress circuit than on food intake behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Rayatpour
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina S Izadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hezar Jerib street, Isfahan, Iran
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Thieleking R, Medawar E, Villringer A, Beyer F, Witte AV. Neurocognitive predictors of food memory in healthy adults - A preregistered analysis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107813. [PMID: 37625779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Memory processes have long been known to determine food choices (Rozin & Zellner, 1985) but recognition memory of food and its cognitive, homeostatic and neuroanatomical predictors are still largely understudied. 60 healthy, overweight, non-restrictive eating adults (20 females) took part in a food wanting and subsequent food recognition and lure discrimination task at four time points after a standardized breakfast shake. With advanced tractography of 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging data, we investigated the influence of the uncinate fasciculus' (UF) brain microstructure on the interplay of food wanting and memory processes. The analysis was preregistered in detail and conducted with Bayesian multilevel regression modeling. Target recognition (d') and lure discrimination (LDI) performance of food tended to be higher than of art images while single image food memory accuracy evidently dominated art memory. On this single item level, wanting enhanced recognition accuracy and caloric content enhanced food memory accuracy. The enhancement by reward anticipation was most pronounced during memory encoding. Subjective hunger level did not predict performance on the memory task. The microstructure of the UF did neither evidently affect memory performance outcomes nor moderate the wanting enhancement of the recognition accuracy. Interestingly, female participants outperformed males on the memory task, and individuals with stronger neuroticism showed poorer memory performance. We shed light on to date understudied processes in food decision-making: reward anticipation influenced recognition accuracy and food memory was enhanced by higher caloric content, both effects might shape food decisions. Our findings indicate that brain microstructure does not affect food decision processes in adult populations with overweight. We suggest extending investigation of this interplay to brain activity as well as to populations with eating behaviour disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Thieleking
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Koller J, Herzog H, Zhang L. The distribution of Neuropeptide FF and Neuropeptide VF in central and peripheral tissues and their role in energy homeostasis control. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102198. [PMID: 34534716 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and Neuropeptide VF (NPVF) are part of the extended RFamide peptide family characterized by their common arginine (R) and amidated phenylalanine (F)-motif at the carboxyl terminus. Both peptides signal through their respective high affinity G-protein coupled receptors, NPFFR2 and NPFFR1, but also show binding affinity for the other receptor due to their sequence similarity. NPFF and NPVF are highly conserved throughout evolution and can be found across the whole animal kingdom. Both have been implicated in a variety of biological mechanisms, including nociception, locomotion, reproduction, and response to pain and stress. However, more recently a new major functional role in the control of energy homeostasis has been discovered. In this article we will summarise the current knowledge on the distribution of NPFF, NPVF, and their receptors in central and peripheral tissues, as well as how this relates to the regulation of food intake and energy balance, which will help to better understand their role in these processes and thus might help finding treatments for impaired energy homeostasis disorders, such as obesity or anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koller
- Healthy Aging, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Healthy Aging, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Healthy Aging, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Abstract
The neural regulation of feeding behaviour, as an essential factor for survival, is an important research area today. Feeding behaviour and other lifestyle habits play a major role in optimising health and obesity control. Feeding behaviour is physiologically controlled through processes associated with energy and nutrient needs. Different brain nuclei are involved in the neural regulation of feeding behaviours. Therefore, understanding the function of these brain nuclei helps develop feeding control methods. Among important brain nuclei, there is scant literature on the central amygdala (CeA) nucleus and feeding behaviour. The CeA is one of the critical brain regions that play a significant role in various physiological and behavioural responses, such as emotional states, reward processing, energy balance and feeding behaviour. It contains γ-aminobutyric acid neurons. Also, it is the major output region of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, the CeA is also involved in multiple molecular and biochemical factors and has extensive connections with other brain nuclei and their neurotransmitters, highlighting its role in feeding behaviour. This review aims to highlight the significance of the CeA nucleus on food consumption by its interaction with the performance of reward, digestive and emotional systems.
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Chmurzynska A, Mlodzik-Czyzewska MA, Radziejewska A, Wiebe DJ. Hedonic Hunger Is Associated with Intake of Certain High-Fat Food Types and BMI in 20- to 40-Year-Old Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:820-825. [PMID: 33693662 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedonic hunger occurs in response to a desire to consume food for pleasure. The μ-opioid system regulates the hedonic impact of food and the opioid receptor mu 1 gene (OPRM1) polymorphism has been associated with fat intake. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of high-fat food is associated with hedonic hunger and the OPRM1 polymorphism and whether these variables are related to BMI. METHODS Participants were 20- to 40-y-old women and men enrolled in Poznań, Poland in 2016-2018. The frequency of consumption of high-fat food was measured using a validated application for mobile devices. Hedonic hunger was assessed with the use of the Power of Food Scale (PFS). PFS1, PFS2, and PFS3 scores were generated for food available, food present, and food tasted, respectively. Genotyping of rs1799971 in the OPRM1 gene was performed using TaqMan probes. The associations were analyzed using linear regression or logistic regression, as appropriate. RESULTS Hedonic hunger scores were not associated with total high-fat food intake. Total PFS was associated with snack intake (β: 0.16, P = 0.0066). PFS1 was positively associated with healthy high-fat food intake (β: 0.27, P = 0.0001) and PFS2 with sweet high-fat food and fast-food intake (β: 0.27, P = 0.0030). OPRM1 genotype and hedonic hunger interacted on fast-food intake (β: -0.17; P < 0.0154). Total PFS and PFS2 increased the chance of having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.01; P = 0.0335 and OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.61; P = 0.0001, respectively), whereas PFS3 decreased it (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.87; P = 0.0082). CONCLUSIONS Hedonic hunger is associated with the intake of selected types of high-fat food, but not with its total intake, in people aged 20-40 y. Associations between hedonic hunger and fast-food intake can be modified by OPRM1 genotype. Hedonic hunger is associated with BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Anna Radziejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Douglas J Wiebe
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Understanding the appetite modulation pathways: The role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114503. [PMID: 33711286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaconutrition is an area of current interest, especially concerning the advances in the pharmacology of nutrient-sensing receptors, as have been accomplished in the last 20 years. The family of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors is composed of four members, sequentially named as FFA1 to FFA4, which are activated by the short to long-chain fatty acids. The affinity of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors for the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prompted pre-clinical and clinical investigations regarding their involvement in metabolic diseases. The main studies have been focused on the receptors' expression analyses, the featuring of knockout mice, and the assessment of selective synthetic ligands. These clearly have indicated a relevant role for FFA1 and FFA4 in the peripheral and central circuits for the regulation of energetic metabolism. This review article aimed to discuss the relevance of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in appetite-related complications, mainly related to obesity, cancer cachexia, and anorexia in the elderly, emphasizing whether their pharmacological modulation might be useful for the management of these disorders.
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Gómez-Martínez DG, Ramos M, del Valle-Padilla JL, Rosales JH, Robles F, Ramos F. A bioinspired model of short-term satiety of hunger influenced by food properties in virtual creatures. COGN SYST RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Martín-Pérez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Verdejo-Román J, Vilar-López R, González-Pérez R, Verdejo-García A. Stressing diets? Amygdala networks, cumulative cortisol, and weight loss in adolescents with excess weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2001-2010. [PMID: 32546861 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amygdala is importantly involved in stress and obesity, but its role on weight change and diet-related stress remains unexplored among adolescents with excess weight. We aimed to examine the functional connectivity of the Central and Basolateral amygdala nuclei (CeA and BLA) among adolescents, and to explore the longitudinal association between brain connectivity measures and diet-related cortisol and weight loss in adolescents with excess weight. METHODS We compared resting-state functional connectivity between adolescents with excess (EW, N = 34; Age = 16.44 ± 1.66) and normal weight (NW, N = 36; Age = 16.50 ± 1.40) using a seed-based (CeA and BLA) whole-brain approach. Then, in a subset of 30 adolescents with EW, followed-up after 3-months of dietary/lifestyle intervention, we explored for interactions between connectivity in the CeA/BLA networks and weight loss. Regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between accumulated cortisol and weight loss, and to test the potential effect of the amygdala networks on such association. RESULTS In EW compared with NW, the CeA regions showed higher functional connectivity with anterior portions, and lower connectivity with posterior portions of the cingulate cortex, while the left BLA regions showed lower connectivity with the dorsal caudate and angular gyrus. In addition, higher connectivity between the left CeA-midbrain network was negatively associated with weight loss. Hair cortisol significantly predicted weight change (p = 0.012). However, this association was no longer significant (p = 0.164) when considering the CeA-midbrain network in the model as an additional predictor. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with EW showed functional connectivity alterations within the BLA/CeA networks. The CeA-midbrain network might constitute an important brain pathway regulating weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Department of the Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), and CIBERSAM G-17, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Department of Experimental Psychology, Psychological Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel González-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Stern SA, Doerig KR, Azevedo EP, Stoffel E, Friedman JM. Control of non-homeostatic feeding in sated mice using associative learning of contextual food cues. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:666-679. [PMID: 29875477 PMCID: PMC6281813 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Feeding is a complex motivated behavior controlled by a distributed neural network that processes sensory information to generate adaptive behavioral responses. Accordingly, studies using appetitive Pavlovian conditioning confirm that environmental cues that are associated with food availability can induce feeding even in satiated subjects. However, in mice, appetitive conditioning generally requires intensive training and thus can impede molecular studies that often require large numbers of animals. To address this, we developed and validated a simple and rapid context-induced feeding (Ctx-IF) task in which cues associated with food availability can later lead to increased food consumption in sated mice. We show that the associated increase in food consumption is driven by both positive and negative reinforcement and that spaced training is more effective than massed training. Ctx-IF can be completed in ~1 week and provides an opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms and circuitry underlying non-homeostatic eating. We have used this paradigm to map brain regions that are activated during Ctx-IF with cFos immunohistochemistry and found that the insular cortex, and other regions, are activated following exposure to cues denoting the availability of food. Finally, we show that inhibition of the insular cortex using GABA agonists impairs performance of the task. Our findings provide a novel assay in mice for defining the functional neuroanatomy of appetitive conditioning and identify specific brain regions that are activated during the development of learned behaviors that impact food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Stern
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Katherine R. Doerig
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Estefania P. Azevedo
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Elina Stoffel
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA ,0000 0001 2167 1581grid.413575.1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
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Luo F, Mu Y, Gao C, Xiao Y, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Ni X, Shen WL, Yang J. Whole-brain patterns of the presynaptic inputs and axonal projections of BDNF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hwang YG, Lee HS. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) or cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) fiber innervation on central and medial amygdaloid neurons that project to the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe in the rat. Brain Res 2018; 1689:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Perland E, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Bagchi S, Arapi V, Fredriksson R. The Putative SLC Transporters Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 Are Abundantly Expressed in the Mouse Brain and Have a Potential Role in Energy Homeostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156912. [PMID: 27272503 PMCID: PMC4896477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carriers (SLCs) are membrane bound transporters responsible for the movement of soluble molecules such as amino acids, ions, nucleotides, neurotransmitters and oligopeptides over cellular membranes. At present, there are 395 SLCs identified in humans, where about 40% are still uncharacterized with unknown expression and/or function(s). Here we have studied two uncharacterized atypical SLCs that belong to the Major Facilitator Superfamily Pfam clan, Major facilitator superfamily domain 5 (MFSD5) and Major facilitator superfamily domain 11 (MFSD11). We provide fundamental information about the histology in mice as well as data supporting their disposition to regulate expression levels to keep the energy homeostasis. Results In mice subjected to starvation or high-fat diet, the mRNA expression of Mfsd5 was significantly down-regulated (P<0.001) in food regulatory brain areas whereas Mfsd11 was significantly up-regulated in mice subjected to either starvation (P<0.01) or high-fat diet (P<0.001). qRT-PCR analysis on wild type tissues demonstrated that both Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 have a wide central and peripheral mRNA distribution, and immunohistochemistry was utilized to display the abundant protein expression in the mouse embryo and the adult mouse brain. Both proteins are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but not in astrocytes. Conclusions Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 are both affected by altered energy homeostasis, suggesting plausible involvement in the energy regulation. Moreover, the first histological mapping of MFSD5 and MFSD11 shows ubiquitous expression in the periphery and the central nervous system of mice, where the proteins are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory mouse brain neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Perland
- Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilia Lekholm
- Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikaela M. Eriksson
- Unit of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonchita Bagchi
- Unit of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Arapi
- Unit of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Unit of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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mRNA GPR162 changes are associated with decreased food intake in rat, and its human genetic variants with impairments in glucose homeostasis in two Swedish cohorts. Gene 2016; 581:139-45. [PMID: 26827797 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of integral membrane proteins mediating intercellular interactions of fundamental physiological importance for survival including regulation of food intake, blood pressure, and hormonal sensing signaling, among other roles. Homeostatic alterations in the physiological status of GPCRs are often associated with underlying causes of disease, and to date, several orphan GPCRs are still uncharacterized. Findings from our previous study demonstrate that the Rhodopsin family protein GPR162 is widely expressed in GABAergic as well as other neurons within the mouse hippocampus, whereas extensive expression is observed in hypothalamus, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area, regions strictly interconnected and involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and hedonic feeding. In this study, we provide a further anatomical characterization of GPR162 in mouse brain via in situ hybridization as well as detailed mRNA expression in a panel of rat tissues complementing a specie-specific mapping of the receptor. We also provide an attempt to demonstrate a functional implication of GPR162 in food intake-related behavior via antisense knockdown studies. Furthermore, we performed human genetic studies in which for the first time, variants of the GPR162 gene were associated with impairments in glucose homeostasis.
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Caruso V, Le Grevés M, Shirazi Fard S, Haitina T, Olszewski PK, Alsiö J, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R. The Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor Gene GPR178 Is Evolutionary Conserved and Altered in Response to Acute Changes in Food Intake. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122061. [PMID: 26047506 PMCID: PMC4457792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of integral membrane proteins mediating physiological functions fundamental for survival, including energy homeostasis. A few years ago, an amino acid sequence of a novel GPCR gene was identified and named GPR178. In this study, we provide new insights regarding the biological significance of Gpr178 protein, investigating its evolutionary history and tissue distribution as well as examining the relationship between its expression level and feeding status. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that GPR178 is highly conserved among all animal species investigated, and that GPR178 is not a member of a protein family. Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization revealed wide expression of Gpr178 mRNA in both the brain and periphery, with high expression density in the hypothalamus and brainstem, areas involved in the regulation of food intake. Hence, changes in receptor expression were assessed following several feeding paradigms including starvation and overfeeding. Short-term starvation (12–48h) or food restriction resulted in upregulation of Gpr178 mRNA expression in the brainstem, hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex. Conversely, short-term (48h) exposure to sucrose or Intralipid solutions downregulated Gpr178 mRNA in the brainstem; long-term exposure (10 days) to a palatable high-fat and high-sugar diet resulted in a downregulation of Gpr178 in the amygdala but not in the hypothalamus. Our results indicate that hypothalamic Gpr178 gene expression is altered during acute exposure to starvation or acute exposure to palatable food. Changes in gene expression following palatable diet consumption suggest a possible involvement of Gpr178 in the complex mechanisms of feeding reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanni Caruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Le Grevés
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shahrzad Shirazi Fard
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pawel K. Olszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Johan Alsiö
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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