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Perales JC, Flayelle M, Verdejo-García A, Clark L, Billieux J. Cognitive, computational and learning processes involved in behavioral addiction: Current views and future directions. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107874. [PMID: 37821335 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José C Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain.
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zühlsdorff K, Verdejo-Román J, Clark L, Albein-Urios N, Soriano-Mas C, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW, Dalley JW, Verdejo-García A, Kanen JW. Computational modelling of reinforcement learning and functional neuroimaging of probabilistic reversal for dissociating compulsive behaviours in gambling and cocaine use disorders. BJPsych Open 2023; 10:e8. [PMID: 38073280 PMCID: PMC10755559 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cocaine use disorder or gambling disorder demonstrate impairments in cognitive flexibility: the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Flexibility is commonly assessed in a laboratory setting using probabilistic reversal learning, which involves reinforcement learning, the process by which feedback from the environment is used to adjust behavior. AIMS It is poorly understood whether impairments in flexibility differ between individuals with cocaine use and gambling disorders, and how this is instantiated by the brain. We applied computational modelling methods to gain a deeper mechanistic explanation of the latent processes underlying cognitive flexibility across two disorders of compulsivity. METHOD We present a re-analysis of probabilistic reversal data from individuals with either gambling disorder (n = 18) or cocaine use disorder (n = 20) and control participants (n = 18), using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we relate behavioural findings to their underlying neural substrates through an analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonanceimaging (fMRI) data. RESULTS We observed lower 'stimulus stickiness' in gambling disorder, and report differences in tracking expected values in individuals with gambling disorder compared to controls, with greater activity during reward expected value tracking in the cingulate gyrus and amygdala. In cocaine use disorder, we observed lower responses to positive punishment prediction errors and greater activity following negative punishment prediction errors in the superior frontal gyrus compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Using a computational approach, we show that individuals with gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder differed in their perseverative tendencies and in how they tracked value neurally, which has implications for psychiatric classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Zühlsdorff
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; and the Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudolf N. Cardinal
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; and Liaison Psychology, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jonathan W. Kanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
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van Baal ST, Hohwy J, Verdejo-García A, Konstantinidis E, Walasek L. Fenneman et al.'s (2022) review of formal impulsivity models: Implications for theory and measures of impulsivity. Psychol Bull 2023:2024-11438-001. [PMID: 37747484 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In Fenneman et al.'s (2022) review of theories and integrated impulsivity model, the authors distinguish between information impulsivity (i.e., acting without considering consequences) and temporal impulsivity (i.e., the tendency to pick sooner outcomes over later ones). The authors find that both types of impulsivity can be adaptive in different contexts. For example, when individuals experience scarcity of resources or when they are close to a minimum level of reserves (critical threshold). In this commentary, we extend their findings to a discussion about the measurement of impulsivity. We argue that a common method for measuring temporal impulsivity in which people make decisions between outcomes that are spaced out in time (intertemporal choice tasks), puts individuals in a specific context that is unlikely to generalize well to other situations. Furthermore, trait measures of impulsivity may only be modestly informative about future impulsive behavior because they largely abstract away from important context. To address these issues, we advocate for the development of dynamic measures of the two types of impulsivity. We argue that measuring temporal impulsivity in naturalistic contexts with varying environmental and state parameters could provide insights into whether individuals (i.e., humans and nonhuman animals) react to environmental changes adaptively, while trait measures of impulsivity more generally should collect and provide more contextual information. Dynamic measurement of different types of impulsivity will also allow for more discussion about adaptive impulsive responses in different contexts, which could help combat the stigmatization of various disorders associated with impulsivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T van Baal
- Department of Philosophy, Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Science, Monash University
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Department of Philosophy, Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Science, Monash University
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University
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Giddens E, Noy B, Steward T, Verdejo-García A. The influence of stress on the neural underpinnings of disinhibited eating: a systematic review and future directions for research. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:713-734. [PMID: 37310550 PMCID: PMC10404573 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibited eating involves overconsumption and loss of control over food intake, and underpins many health conditions, including obesity and binge-eating related disorders. Stress has been implicated in the development and maintenance of disinhibited eating behaviours, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. In this systematic review, we examined how the impact of stress on the neurobiological substrates of food-related reward sensitivity, interoception and cognitive control explains its role in disinhibited eating behaviours. We synthesised the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies including acute and/or chronic stress exposures in participants with disinhibited eating. A systematic search of existing literature conducted in alignment with the PRISMA guidelines identified seven studies investigating neural impacts of stress in people with disinhibited eating. Five studies used food-cue reactivity tasks, one study used a social evaluation task, and one used an instrumental learning task to probe reward, interoception and control circuitry. Acute stress was associated with deactivation of regions in the prefrontal cortex implicated in cognitive control and the hippocampus. However, there were mixed findings regarding differences in reward-related circuitry. In the study using a social task, acute stress associated with deactivation of prefrontal cognitive control regions in response to negative social evaluation. In contrast, chronic stress was associated with both deactivation of reward and prefrontal regions when viewing palatable food-cues. Given the small number of identified publications and notable heterogeneity in study designs, we propose several recommendations to strengthen future research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Giddens
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Brittany Noy
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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Skinner JA, Whatnall M, Leary M, Collins RA, Pursey KM, Verdejo-García A, Hay PJ, Baker AL, Hides L, Paxton SJ, Wood LG, Colyvas K, Collins CE, Burrows TL. Examining the efficacy of a telehealth intervention targeting addictive eating in Australian adults (the TRACE Programme): a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064151. [PMID: 37280025 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 15%-20% of the adult population self-report symptoms of addictive eating. There are currently limited options for management. Motivational interviewing-based interventions, containing personalised coping skills training, have been found to be effective for behaviour change in addictive disorders (eg, alcohol). This project builds upon foundations of an addictive eating feasibility study previously conducted and co-design process involving consumers. The primary aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of a telehealth intervention targeting addictive eating symptoms in Australian adults compared with passive intervention and control groups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This three-arm randomised controlled trial will recruit participants 18-85 years, endorsing ≥3 symptoms on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0, with body mass index >18.5 kg/m2. Addictive eating symptoms are assessed at baseline (pre-intervention), 3 months (post-intervention) and 6 months. Other outcomes include dietary intake and quality, depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life, physical activity and sleep hygiene. Using a multicomponent clinician-led approach, the active intervention consists of five telehealth sessions (15-45 min each) delivered by a dietitian over 3 months. The intervention uses personalised feedback, skill-building exercises, reflective activities and goal setting. Participants are provided with a workbook and website access. The passive intervention group receives the intervention via a self-guided approach with access to the workbook and website (no telehealth). The control group receives personalised written dietary feedback at baseline and participants advised to follow their usual dietary pattern for 6 months. The control group will be offered the passive intervention after 6 months. The primary endpoint is YFAS symptom scores at 3 months. A cost-consequence analysis will determine intervention costs alongside mean change outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Human Research Ethics Committee of University of Newcastle, Australia provided approval (H-2021-0100). Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, community presentations and student theses. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001079831).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Collins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirrilly M Pursey
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillipa J Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Viruses, Infections / Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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van Baal ST, Verdejo-García A, Hohwy J. Episodic future thinking and compassion reduce non-compliance urges regarding public health guidelines: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 36709249 PMCID: PMC9883827 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People often feel urges to engage in activities that violate pandemic public health guidelines. Research on these urges has been reliant on measures of typical behaviour, which fail to capture these urges as they unfold. Guideline adherence could be improved through interventions, but few methods allow for ecologically valid observation of the range of behaviours that pandemic guidelines prescribe. METHODS In this preregistered parallel randomised trial, 95 participants aged 18-65 from the UK were assigned to three groups using blinded block randomisation, and engaged in episodic future thinking (n = 33), compassion exercises (n = 31), or a control procedure (n = 31). Following an ecological momentary assessment procedure, participants report on the intensity of their occurrent urges (min. 1, max. 10) and their ability to control them. The study further investigates whether, and through which mechanism, state impulsivity and vaccine attitudes affect guideline adherence. RESULTS Episodic future thinking (b = -1.80) and compassion exercises (b = -1.45) reduced the intensity of urges. State impulsivity is associated with stronger urges, but we found no evidence that vaccine hesitancy predicts lesser self-control. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that episodic future thinking exercises and compassion training may be used to decrease non-compliance urges of individuals who are an acute public health risk for the community, such as those in voluntary isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T. van Baal
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, 29 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Kavaliotis E, Boardman JM, Clark JW, Ogeil RP, Verdejo-García A, Drummond SPA. The relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:105001. [PMID: 36529310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration animal/human studies: CRD42021234793/CRD42021234790) examined the relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning. Inclusion criteria included: a) appetitive conditioning paradigm; b) measure of conditioning; c) sleep measurement and/or sleep loss; d) human and/etor non-human animal samples; and e) written in English. Searches of seven databases returned 3777 publications. The final sample consisted of 42 studies using primarily animal samples and involving food- and drug-related conditioning tasks. We found sleep loss disrupted appetitive conditioning of food rewards (p < 0.001) but potentiated appetitive conditioning of drug rewards (p < 0.001). Furthermore, sleep loss negatively impacted extinction learning irrespective of the reward type. Post-learning sleep was associated with increases in REM sleep (p = 0.02). Findings suggest sleep loss potentiates the impact of psychoactive substances in a manner likely to produce an increased risk of problematic substance use. In obese/overweight populations, sleep loss may be associated with deficits in the conditioning and extinction of reward-related behaviours. Further research should assess the relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kavaliotis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Johanna M Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob W Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rowan P Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Leary M, Pursey K, Verdejo-García A, Skinner J, Whatnall MC, Hay P, Collins C, Baker AL, Burrows T. Designing an online intervention for adults with addictive eating: a qualitative integrated knowledge translation approach. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060196. [PMID: 35672064 PMCID: PMC9174813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Codesign is a meaningful end-user engagement in research design. The integrated knowledge translation (IKT) framework involves adopting a collaborative research approach to produce and apply knowledge to address real-world needs, resulting in useful and useable recommendations that will more likely be applied in policy and practice. In the field of food addiction (FA), there are limited treatment options that have been reported to show improvements in FA symptoms. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this paper is to describe the step-by-step codesign and refinement of a complex intervention delivered via telehealth for adults with FA using an IKT approach. The secondary aim is to describe our intervention in detail according to the TIDieR checklist. DESIGN This study applies the IKT process and describes the codesign and refinement of an intervention through a series of online meetings, workshops and interviews. PARTICIPANTS This study included researchers, clinicians, consumers and health professionals. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was a refined intervention for use in adults with symptoms of FA for a research trial. RESULTS A total of six female health professionals and five consumers (n=4 female) with lived overeating experience participated in two interviews lasting 60 min each. This process resulted in the identification of eight barriers and three facilitators to providing and receiving treatment for FA, eight components needed or missing from current treatments, telehealth as a feasible delivery platform, and refinement of key elements to ensure the intervention met the needs of both health professionals and possible patients. CONCLUSION Using an IKT approach allowed for a range of viewpoints and enabled multiple professions and disciplines to engage in a semiformalised way to bring expertise to formulate a possible intervention for FA. Mapping the intervention plan to the TIDieR checklist for complex interventions, allowed for detailed description of the intervention and the identification of a number of areas that needed to be refined before development of the finalised intervention protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Leary
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirrilly Pursey
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Janelle Skinner
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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van Baal ST, Moskovsky N, Hohwy J, Verdejo-García A. State impulsivity amplifies urges without diminishing self-control. Addict Behav 2022; 133:107381. [PMID: 35659692 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A disproportionate amount of research on impulsivity has focused on trait-related aspects rather than state fluctuations. As a result, the relationship between state impulsivity and moment-to-moment behaviour is unclear. Impulsivity is assumed to negatively affect self-control, but an alternative explanation, yet to be tested, could be that changes in state impulsivity and its homeostatic drivers influence the intensity of urges. We tested whether state impulsivity and hunger affected behaviour through a dual-process model, affecting both the experience of various urges, and self-control, using a smartphone-based experience sampling approach. We found that state impulsivity is associated with stronger urges, but we found no evidence of an association with diminished self-control. Being hungry amplifies urges across different types of urges, and both hunger and late hours are negatively related to the likelihood of controlling urges. These findings imply that the influence of hunger is not limited to the food domain, and provide new insight into the role of state impulsivity in daily life.
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Rafei P, Rezapour T, Batouli SAH, Verdejo-García A, Lorenzetti V, Hatami J. How do cannabis users mentally travel in time? Evidence from an fMRI study of episodic future thinking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1441-1457. [PMID: 34694424 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Episodic future thinking (EFT) is a cognitive function that allows individuals to imagine novel experiences that may happen in the future. Prior studies show that EFT is impaired in different groups of substance users. However, there is no evidence regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of EFT in cannabis users. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare brain activations of regular cannabis users and non-using controls during an EFT fMRI task. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to investigate the association between EFT and cannabis use variables (e.g., duration of use, age onset, frequency of use). METHODS Twenty current cannabis users and 22 drug-naïve controls underwent an fMRI scanning session while completing a task involving envisioning future-related events and retrieval of past memories as a control condition. The EFT fMRI task was adapted from the autobiographical interview and composed of 20 auditory cue sentences (10 cues for past and 10 cues for future events). Participants were asked to recall a past or generate a future event, in response to the cues, and then rate their vividness after each response. RESULTS We found that cannabis users compared to non-user controls had lower activation within the cerebellum, medial and superior temporal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and occipital fusiform gyrus while envisioning future events. Cannabis users rated the vividness of past events significantly lower than non-users (P < 0.005). There were marginal group differences for rating the vividness of future events (P = 0.052). Significant correlations were also found between the medial and superior temporal gyrus activities and behavioral measures of EFT and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis users, compared to drug-naïve controls, have lower brain activation in EFT relevant regions. Thus, any attempts to improve aberrant EFT performance in cannabis users may benefit from EFT training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Rafei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Rezapour
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Sciences Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Medical Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral & Health Sciences, Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Javad Hatami
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Anderson AC, Robinson AH, Potter E, Kerley B, Flynn D, Lubman DI, Verdejo-García A. Development of Goal Management Training + for Methamphetamine Use Disorder Through Collaborative Design. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:876018. [PMID: 35546943 PMCID: PMC9082590 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is associated with executive dysfunctions, which are linked with poorer treatment outcomes including earlier drop out and relapse. However, current treatments for MUD do not address executive functions. Goal Management Training (GMT) is an evidence-based cognitive remediation program for executive dysfunction, although required modifications to enhance its relevance and application within addiction treatment settings. This study aimed to (1) tailor GMT to the key cognitive deficits and typical treatment duration of MUD; (2) explore consumers' (people with MUD) engagement with the revised program; (3) implement a prototype of the program with consumers; and (4) present the manualized standard administration to clinical service providers. METHODS We followed the Medical Research Council Complex Interventions Framework and employed an evidence- and person-based intervention development process. We used a four-phased approach and collaborated with neuropsychology experts, design researchers in healthcare, consumers with MUD, and clinical service providers. Each aim was addressed in a separate study phase; including content refinement and review with neuropsychology experts (phase 1), intervention design and collaboration with consumers (phase 2), prototype development and review with consumers (phase 3), and final program modifications and review with clinical stakeholders (phase 4). RESULTS Findings from phase 1 indicated support for targeting four cognitive processes (attention, impulse control, goal setting, and decision-making). Key feedback included the need to help habitualize cognitive strategies and to guide consumers in applying these strategies in emotionally salient situations. Findings from phases 2 and 3 indicated consumer support for the program strategies and materials but highlighted the need to further enhance the personal relevance of specific content and journal activities. Findings from phase 4 provided clinicians support for the revised program but indicated an opportunity to minimize unintended effects. We present the intervention materials for the final revised program, Goal Management Training+ (GMT+), in line with TIDieR guidelines. CONCLUSIONS GMT+ targets key cognitive processes and is sensitive to the clinical needs of people with MUD. Our intervention development process was important for informing the active ingredients and materials for GMT+, and indicated initial consumer and provider acceptability prior to conducting a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex H Robinson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eden Potter
- Design Health Collab, Monash Art, Design and Architecture, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronte Kerley
- Design Health Collab, Monash Art, Design and Architecture, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daphne Flynn
- Design Health Collab, Monash Art, Design and Architecture, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Ottino-González J, Uhlmann A, Hahn S, Cao Z, Cupertino RB, Schwab N, Allgaier N, Alia-Klein N, Ekhtiari H, Fouche JP, Goldstein RZ, Li CSR, Lochner C, London ED, Luijten M, Masjoodi S, Momenan R, Oghabian MA, Roos A, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Veltman DJ, Verdejo-García A, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zhong N, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109185. [PMID: 34861493 PMCID: PMC8952409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention. METHODS Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333). We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 20 bilateral tracts. Also, we compared the performance of various machine learning algorithms in deriving brain-based classifications on stimulant dependence. RESULTS The cocaine and methamphetamine groups had lower regional FA and higher RD in several association, commissural, and projection white matter tracts. The methamphetamine dependent group additionally showed lower regional AD. The nicotine group had lower FA and higher RD limited to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The best performing machine learning algorithm was the support vector machine (SVM). The SVM successfully classified individuals with dependence on cocaine (AUC = 0.70, p < 0.001) and methamphetamine (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.001) relative to non-dependent controls. Classifications related to nicotine dependence proved modest (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Stimulant dependence was related to FA disturbances within tracts consistent with a role in addiction. The multivariate pattern of white matter differences proved sufficient to identify individuals with stimulant dependence, particularly for cocaine and methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States.
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nathan Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- SA MRC Genomics and Brain Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sadegh Masjoodi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging & Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annerine Roos
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC – location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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13
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Navas JF, Verdejo-García A, Vadillo MA. The evidential value of research on cognitive training to change food-related biases and unhealthy eating behavior: A systematic review and p-curve analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13338. [PMID: 34617392 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive bias modification (CBM), which retrains implicit biases towards unhealthy foods, has been proposed as a promising adjunct to improve the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We conducted a systematic review of research on three CBM approaches (i.e., cue-specific inhibitory control, approach bias modification, and attentional bias modification) for reducing unhealthy eating biases and behavior. We performed a p-curve analysis to determine the evidential value of this research; this method is optimally suited to clarify whether published results reflect true effects or false positives due to publication and reporting biases. When considering all CBM approaches, our results suggested that the findings of CBM trials targeting unhealthy eating are unlikely to be false positives. However, only research on attentional bias modification reached acceptable levels of power. These results suggest that CBM interventions may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of weight loss interventions. However, there is room for improvement in the methodological standards of this area of research, especially increasing the statistical power can help to fully clarify the clinical potential of CBM, and determine the role of potential moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Navas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Pérez de Los Cobos J, Alcaraz S, Verdejo-García A, Muñoz L, Siñol N, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Fernández P, Martínez A, Duran-Sindreu S, Batlle F, Trujols J. Factors associated with the absence of cocaine craving in treatment-seeking individuals during inpatient cocaine detoxification. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021; 47:127-138. [PMID: 33164558 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1833340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal evidence suggests a substantial proportion of individuals with cocaine use disorder do not report craving during inpatient detoxification. OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence and clinical correlates of consistent absence of cocaine craving among inpatients during detoxification. We hypothesized that craving absence would be associated with less severity of cocaine use, depression, and anxiety. Alternative explanations were also explored. METHODS Craving absence (i.e., non-cravers) was defined as a daily score of zero across two separate craving visual analogue scales in each of the inpatient days. Participants scoring ≥1 on ≥1 day were considered cravers. Severity of cocaine use disorder as well as in-treatment depression and anxiety were assessed. Alternative contributors included presence of cocaine and other substances in urine at admission, in-treatment prescription of psychotropic medications, treatment motivation, executive function, interoception, and social desirability. RESULTS Eighty-seven participants (78.2% males) met criteria as either non-cravers (n = 29; 33.3%) or cravers (n = 58; 66.7%). Mean length of admission in non-cravers and cravers was, respectively, 10.83 and 13.16 days. Binary logistic regression model showed that non-cravers scored significantly lower than cravers on cocaine use during last month before treatment (OR, 95% CI; 0.902, 0.839-0.970), in-treatment depression (OR, 95% CI; 0.794, 0.659-0.956), and in-treatment prescribing of antipsychotics (OR, 95% CI; 0.109, 0.014-0.823). Model prediction accuracy was 88.9%. CONCLUSIONS One in three patients undergoing inpatient detoxification experienced absence of craving, linked to less pretreatment cocaine use, better mood, and decreased administration of antipsychotics. Findings may inform pretreatment strategies and improve treatment cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Pérez de Los Cobos
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Saul Alcaraz
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Laura Muñoz
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Siñol
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Fernández-Serrano
- Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernández
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Duran-Sindreu
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Batlle
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Trujols
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Neurociència Quantitativa, Grup de Recerca en Psicologia Quantitativa (SGR 269), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Herrero R, Molinari G, Rodríguez-Arias M, Verdejo-García A, Baños RM. Binge Eating and Binge Drinking: A Two-Way Road? An Integrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2402-2415. [PMID: 32175840 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diet and alcohol are serious health problems, especially in adolescents and young adults. "Binge" is defined as the excessive and uncontrolled consumption of food (binge eating) and alcohol (binge drinking). Both behaviors are frequent among young people and have a highly negative impact on health and quality of life. Several studies have explored the causes and risk factors of both behaviors, and the evidence concludes that there is a relationship between the two behaviors. In addition, some research postulates that binge eating is a precipitating factor in the onset and escalation of excessive alcohol consumption, while other studies suggest that alcohol consumption leads to excessive and uncontrollable food consumption. Given that no review has yet been published regarding the directionality between the two behaviors, we have set out to provide an upto- date overview of binge eating and binge drinking problems, analyzing their commonalities and differences, and their uni- and bidirectional associations. In addition, we explore the reasons why young people tend to engage in both behaviors and consider directions for future research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Otero J, Muñoz MA, Fernández-Santaella MC, Verdejo-García A, Sánchez-Barrera MB. Cardiac defense reactivity and cognitive flexibility in high- and low-resilience women. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13656. [PMID: 32748997 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a protective health variable that contributes to successful adaptation to stressful experiences. However, in spite of its relevance, few studies have examined the psychophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in resilience. The present study analyzes, in a sample of 54 young women, the relationships between high- and low-resilience, measured with the Spanish versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire and the Resilience Scale, and two indices of psychophysiological and neuropsychological adaptability, the cardiac defense response (CDR) and cognitive flexibility. The CDR is a specific reaction to an unexpected intense noise characterized by two acceleration-deceleration heart rate components. Cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to adapt our behavior to changing environmental demands, is measured in this study with the CAMBIOS neuropsychological test. The results showed that the more resilient people, in addition to having better scores on mental health questionnaires, had a larger initial acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of greater vagal control, obtained better scores in cognitive flexibility, and evaluated the intense noise as less unpleasant than the less resilient people. No group differences were found in the second acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of sympathetic cardiac control, in the skin conductance response, or in subjective intensity of the noise. The present findings broaden the understanding of how resilient people change their adaptable responses to address environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otero
- Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Martín-Pérez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Verdejo-Román J, Vilar-López R, González-Pérez R, Verdejo-García A. Stressing diets? Amygdala networks, cumulative cortisol, and weight loss in adolescents with excess weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2001-2010. [PMID: 32546861 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amygdala is importantly involved in stress and obesity, but its role on weight change and diet-related stress remains unexplored among adolescents with excess weight. We aimed to examine the functional connectivity of the Central and Basolateral amygdala nuclei (CeA and BLA) among adolescents, and to explore the longitudinal association between brain connectivity measures and diet-related cortisol and weight loss in adolescents with excess weight. METHODS We compared resting-state functional connectivity between adolescents with excess (EW, N = 34; Age = 16.44 ± 1.66) and normal weight (NW, N = 36; Age = 16.50 ± 1.40) using a seed-based (CeA and BLA) whole-brain approach. Then, in a subset of 30 adolescents with EW, followed-up after 3-months of dietary/lifestyle intervention, we explored for interactions between connectivity in the CeA/BLA networks and weight loss. Regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between accumulated cortisol and weight loss, and to test the potential effect of the amygdala networks on such association. RESULTS In EW compared with NW, the CeA regions showed higher functional connectivity with anterior portions, and lower connectivity with posterior portions of the cingulate cortex, while the left BLA regions showed lower connectivity with the dorsal caudate and angular gyrus. In addition, higher connectivity between the left CeA-midbrain network was negatively associated with weight loss. Hair cortisol significantly predicted weight change (p = 0.012). However, this association was no longer significant (p = 0.164) when considering the CeA-midbrain network in the model as an additional predictor. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with EW showed functional connectivity alterations within the BLA/CeA networks. The CeA-midbrain network might constitute an important brain pathway regulating weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Department of the Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), and CIBERSAM G-17, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Department of Experimental Psychology, Psychological Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel González-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Martínez-González JM, Caracuel A, Vilar-López R, Becoña E, Verdejo-García A. Evaluation of Motivation for the Treatment of Drug Addicts with Personality Disorders. Span J Psychol 2020; 23:e15. [PMID: 32613926 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lack of motivation for the treatment of drug addiction is associated with dropout and relapses. Further, personality disorders (PD) have traditionally been linked to low motivation and therapeutic failure. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the structure of the Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (MTQ-8), as well as to determine differences in motivation due to the presence of PD and the impact of psychological adjustment on motivation. The sample included 125 patients (84% male) who started a treatment for their addiction to cocaine and alcohol. Rasch analysis was applied for the first objective, and means contrast and regression analysis for the others. The two subscales of the MTQ-8 fit the Rasch model, with appropriate psychometric characteristics when merging Items 5 and 7. The presence of PD was not associated with reduced motivation. Motivation for treatment was greater when abstinence was less than three weeks, and psychological distress predicted motivation for treatment. The present study confirms that MTQ-8 subscales are suitable for measuring motivation for treatment and readiness for change in drug-dependent patients. It is noted that the presence of PD should not be associated with a lower level of motivation, and that psychological distress influences motivation.
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19
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Contreras-Rodriguez O, Mata F, Verdejo-Román J, Ramírez-Bernabé R, Moreno D, Vilar-Lopez R, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Neural-based valuation of functional foods among lean and obese individuals. Nutr Res 2020; 78:27-35. [PMID: 32438221 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods may contribute to establish healthy eating habits and reduce obesity and related comorbidities. Differences in the brain mechanisms underpinning the valuation of functional foods in individuals with excess weight may inform the development of attractive functional foods. We aimed to compare brain function during the Willingness to Pay task for functional vs standard foods between individuals with healthy weight (HW), overweight (OW), and obesity (OB). We hypothesized that, in participants with OB, willingness to pay for functional foods would evoke greater activation/connectivity in brain regions previously associated with subjective value. Thirty-six HW, 19 OW, and 20 OB adults performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging-Willingness to Pay task that requires them to decide how much they would pay for presented standard and functional food images tasted in a previous buffet. Whole-brain analyses compared task-related activation and connectivity between participants with OB, OW, and HW. Individuals with OB, relative to HW, showed more similar willingness to pay for functional and standard food. At the brain level, they also showed hyperactivation in the ventral posterior cingulate cortex and the right angular gyrus, as well as an increased functional connectivity between the ventral posterior cingulate cortex and the intraparietal cortices to the valuation of the functional vs the standard foods. Increased willingness to pay for functional foods in people with excessive weight may be driven by recruitment of brain regions that direct attention to internal goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM-17, Barcelona, Spain; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fernanda Mata
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Daniel Moreno
- Agro-food Technological Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM-17, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Contreras-Rodríguez O, Albein-Urios N, Martinez-Gonzalez JM, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. The neural interface between negative emotion regulation and motivation for change in cocaine dependent individuals under treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 208:107854. [PMID: 31951909 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation is important for cocaine addiction treatment success, particularly during early abstinence. In addition, the neural underpinnings of emotion processing overlap with those of motivation and goal-directed behavior. We examined if the neural underpinnings of emotion maintenance and its regulation correlate with cocaine treatment motivation. METHODS Forty-five cocaine dependent individuals (CDIs) starting outpatient treatment in a public specialized addiction treatment clinic in Granada (Spain) underwent fMRI scans while performing a Reappraisal task, and completed the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA), to measure treatment motivation. We conducted correlation analyses to examine the association between emotion maintenance and regulation related brain activation and URICA's Readiness to Change scores. We also explored links between Emotional reports during the fMRI reappraisal task, duration of abstinence, and anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS Readiness to Change scores were positively correlated with activations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal and right parietal cortices, the midbrain (p ≤ 0.001, cluster extents ≥109 voxels), and basolateral amygdala (PFWE-SVC<0.05), while negatively with emotion maintenance related activation in the same cortical areas and activations in the dorsomedial frontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens and the left fusiform gyrus. Emotional reactivity negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reappraisal related activation (r= -0.40, p = 0.007), and the Regulate score positively correlated with the left fusiform gyrus emotion maintenance related activation (r = 0.31, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Emotional related activation in frontoparietal, accumbens, fusiform, amygdala and midbrain regions engaged during emotion regulation and its maintenance correlate with early treatment motivation in CDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Albein-Urios
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - José Manuel Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health. Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Westwater ML, Vilar-López R, Ziauddeen H, Verdejo-García A, Fletcher PC. Combined effects of age and BMI are related to altered cortical thickness in adolescence and adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 40:100728. [PMID: 31751856 PMCID: PMC6913515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with functional and structural alterations in the brain, but how these associations change across critical developmental periods remains unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between age, body mass index (BMI) and cortical thickness (CT) in healthy adolescents (n = 70; 14-19 y) and adults (n = 75; 25-45 y). We also examined the relationship between adiposity, impulsivity, measured by delay discounting (DD), and CT of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a region key to impulse control. A significant age-by-BMI interaction was observed in both adolescents and adults; however, the direction of this relationship differed between age groups. In adolescents, increased age-adjusted BMI Z-score attenuated age-related CT reductions globally and in frontal, temporal and occipital regions. In adults, increased BMI augmented age-related CT reductions, both globally and in bilateral parietal cortex. Although DD was unrelated to adiposity in both groups, increased DD and adiposity were both associated with reduced IFG thickness in adolescents and adults. Our findings suggest that the known age effects on CT in adolescence and adulthood are moderated by adiposity. The association between weight, cortical development and its functional implications would suggest that future studies of adolescent and adult brain development take adiposity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
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22
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Ekhtiari H, Tavakoli H, Addolorato G, Baeken C, Bonci A, Campanella S, Castelo-Branco L, Challet-Bouju G, Clark VP, Claus E, Dannon PN, Del Felice A, den Uyl T, Diana M, di Giannantonio M, Fedota JR, Fitzgerald P, Gallimberti L, Grall-Bronnec M, Herremans SC, Herrmann MJ, Jamil A, Khedr E, Kouimtsidis C, Kozak K, Krupitsky E, Lamm C, Lechner WV, Madeo G, Malmir N, Martinotti G, McDonald WM, Montemitro C, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Nasehi M, Noël X, Nosratabadi M, Paulus M, Pettorruso M, Pradhan B, Praharaj SK, Rafferty H, Sahlem G, Salmeron BJ, Sauvaget A, Schluter RS, Sergiou C, Shahbabaie A, Sheffer C, Spagnolo PA, Steele VR, Yuan TF, van Dongen JDM, Van Waes V, Venkatasubramanian G, Verdejo-García A, Verveer I, Welsh JW, Wesley MJ, Witkiewitz K, Yavari F, Zarrindast MR, Zawertailo L, Zhang X, Cha YH, George TP, Frohlich F, Goudriaan AE, Fecteau S, Daughters SB, Stein EA, Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Zangen A, Bikson M, Hanlon CA. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 104:118-140. [PMID: 31271802 PMCID: PMC7293143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data - emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iran
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Alcohol Use Disorder Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Catholic University of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vincent P Clark
- University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandra Del Felice
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Gallimberti
- Novella Fronda Foundation, Human Science and Brain Research, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sarah C Herremans
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Karolina Kozak
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.-Petersburg, Russia; St.-Petersburg First Pavlov State Medical University, Russia
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Graziella Madeo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Montemitro
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xavier Noël
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Samir K Praharaj
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Haley Rafferty
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Laboratory «Movement, Interactions, Performance» (E.A. 4334), University of Nantes, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France; CHU de Nantes Addictology and Liaison Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Renée S Schluter
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, USA; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran
| | | | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | - Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | | | - Tony P George
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | | | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin, Department of Research and Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Dept. Neurology, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Mallorquí-Bagué N, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Verdejo-García A, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Magaña P, Mena-Moreno T, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Mestre-Bach G, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in different clinical phenotypes of gambling disorder: Profiles and longitudinal prediction of treatment outcomes. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 61:9-16. [PMID: 31255958 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and cognitive distortions are hallmarks of gambling disorder (GD) but it remains unclear how they contribute to clinical phenotypes. This study aimed to (1) compare impulsive traits and gambling-related distortions in strategic versus non-strategic gamblers and online versus offline gamblers; (2) examine the longitudinal association between impulsivity/cognitive distortions and treatment retention and relapse. METHODS Participants seeking treatment for GD (n = 245) were assessed for gambling modality (clinical interview), impulsive traits (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance and Sensation Seeking [UPPS] scale) and cognitive distortions (Gambling Related Cognitions Scale) at treatment onset, and for retention and relapse (as indicated by the clinical team) at the end of treatment. Treatment consisted of 12-week standardized cognitive behavioral therapy, conducted in a public specialized clinic within a general public hospital. RESULTS Strategic gamblers had higher lack of perseverance and gambling-related expectancies and illusion of control than non-strategic gamblers, and online gamblers had generally higher distortions but similar impulsivity to offline gamblers. Lack of perseverance predicted treatment dropout, whereas negative urgency and distortions of inability to stop gambling and interpretative bias predicted number of relapses during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with online and strategic GD phenotypes have heightened gambling related biases associated with premature treatment cessation and relapse. Findings suggest that these GD phenotypes may need tailored treatment approaches to reduce specific distortions and impulsive facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3800 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edificio B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERsam), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Navas JF, Martín-Pérez C, Petrova D, Verdejo-García A, Cano M, Sagripanti-Mazuquín O, Perandrés-Gómez A, López-Martín Á, Cordovilla-Guardia S, Megías A, Perales JC, Vilar-López R. Sex differences in the association between impulsivity and driving under the influence of alcohol in young adults: The specific role of sensation seeking. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 124:174-179. [PMID: 30660833 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an outstanding need to identify predictors of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) among young adults, particularly women. Impulsivity, or the tendency to act without thinking, is a predictor of DUI, but the specific facets of impulsivity that predict DUI and their interaction with sex differences remain unclear. We aimed to investigate sex differences in the link between impulsivity facets and DUI. Moreover, we sought to replicate previous findings regarding sex differences on impulsivity, and associations between impulsivity facets and DUI. METHOD A total of 506 university students participated in the study (males, n = 128; females, n = 378). Participants completed measures of impulsivity (UPPS-P short version), alcohol use (AUDIT-C), frequency of DUI episodes and related perception of risk. The UPPS-P assesses five facets of impulsivity: sensation seeking, (lack of) premeditation and perseverance and positive and negative urgency. RESULTS Men showed higher sensation seeking and lack of perseverance, alcohol use and DUI frequency and lower risk perception than women. DUI frequency was negatively associated with perception of risk and positively associated with alcohol use and the five impulsivity facets. After controlling for alcohol use and risk perception, only lack of premeditation was associated with DUI frequency in the whole sample. Sensation seeking was positively associated with DUI frequency only in women. DISCUSSION The link between lack of premeditation and DUI suggest that pre-drinking planning strategies can contribute to prevent risky driving. In women, specific links between sensation seeking and DUI suggest the need for personality-tailored prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Navas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Dafina Petrova
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Marta Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Cordovilla-Guardia
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Megías
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - José C Perales
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Andalusian Observatory on Drugs and Addictions, Spain.
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25
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Kakoschke N, Lorenzetti V, Caeyenberghs K, Verdejo-García A. Impulsivity and body fat accumulation are linked to cortical and subcortical brain volumes among adolescents and adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2580. [PMID: 30796265 PMCID: PMC6385240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated not only with metabolic and physical health conditions, but with individual variations in cognition and brain health. This study examined the association between body fat (an index of excess weight severity), impulsivity (a vulnerability factor for obesity), and brain structure among adolescents and adults across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. We used 3D T1 weighted anatomic magnetic resonance imaging scans to map the association between body fat and volumes in regions associated with obesity and impulsivity. Participants were 127 individuals (BMI: 18–40 kg/m2; M = 25.69 ± 5.15), aged 14 to 45 years (M = 24.79 ± 9.60; female = 64). Body fat was measured with bioelectric impendence technology, while impulsivity was measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. Results showed that higher body fat was associated with larger cerebellar white matter, medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and nucleus accumbens volume, although the latter finding was specific to adolescents. The relationship between body fat and medial OFC volume was moderated by impulsivity. Elevated impulsivity was also associated with smaller amygdala and larger frontal pole volumes. Our findings link vulnerability and severity markers of obesity with neuroanatomical measures of frontal, limbic and cerebellar structures, and unravel specific links between body fat and striatal volume in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Martín-Pérez C, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Vilar-López R, Verdejo-García A. Hypothalamic Networks in Adolescents With Excess Weight: Stress-Related Connectivity and Associations With Emotional Eating. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:211-220.e5. [PMID: 30738548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents with excess weight are particularly sensitive to stress, which may contribute to the presence of emotional eating behaviors. It is proposed that this may be due to alterations in the connectivity between hypothalamic networks and regions of the "emotional nervous system," involved in the regulation of energy balance and stress processing. However, this remains to be clarified in adolescents with excess weight. METHOD We investigated whole-brain differences in the functional connectivity of the medial and lateral hypothalamus (MH and LH) between adolescents with excess weight (EW, n = 53; mean age = 14.64 years, SD = 1.78) and normal weight (NW, n = 51; mean age = 15.29 years, SD = 1.75) using seed-based resting-state analyses. Then, in a subset of 22 adolescents with EW (mean age = 15.75 years, SD = 1.70) and 32 with NW (mean age = 15.27, SD = 2.03), we explored for group interactions between the MH/LH networks and stress response in the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and emotional eating, assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEB-Q). RESULTS Compared to NW, EW showed higher functional connectivity in the LH-orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum, anterior insula, and in the MH-middle temporal cortex networks. EW also showed lower connectivity in the LH-cerebellum, and in the MH-middle prefrontal, pre-, and postcentral gyri networks. In EW, higher connectivity of the LH-nucleus accumbens and LH-midbrain networks were associated with stress response. Higher connectivity in the LH-midbrain was also associated with a greater presence of emotional eating behaviors in EW. CONCLUSION Adolescents with EW showed functional connectivity alterations within both MH/LH networks. Alterations in the LH network were linked with higher levels of stress response and emotional-driven eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Contreras-Rodriguez O, Verdejo-Román J, Henriksson P, Migueles JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Molina-García P, Suo C, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Catena A, Verdejo-García A, Ortega FB. Fitness, cortical thickness and surface area in overweight/obese children: The mediating role of body composition and relationship with intelligence. Neuroimage 2019; 186:771-781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Compulsivity is a central feature of obsessive-compulsive and addictive disorders, which share considerable overlap with excessive eating in terms of repetitive behavior despite negative consequences. Excessive eating behavior is characteristic of several eating-related conditions, including eating disorders [bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED)], obesity, and food addiction (FA). Compulsivity is proposed to be driven by four distinct cognitive components, namely, contingency-related cognitive flexibility, task/attentional set-shifting, attentional bias/disengagement and habit learning. However, it is unclear whether repetitive behavior in eating-related conditions is underpinned by deficits in these cognitive components. The current mini-review synthesizes the available evidence for performance on compulsivity-related cognitive tasks for each cognitive domain among populations with excessive eating behavior. In three of the four cognitive domains, i.e., set-shifting, attentional bias and habit learning, findings were mixed. Evidence more strongly pointed towards impaired contingency-related cognitive flexibility only in obesity and attentional bias/disengagement deficits only in obesity and BED. Overall, the findings of the reviewed studies support the idea that compulsivity-related cognitive deficits are common across a spectrum of eating-related conditions, although evidence was inconsistent or lacking for some disorders. We discuss the theoretical and practical importance of these results, and their implications for our understanding of compulsivity in eating-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Barreno EM, Domínguez-Salas S, Díaz-Batanero C, Lozano ÓM, Marín JAL, Verdejo-García A. Specific aspects of cognitive impulsivity are longitudinally associated with lower treatment retention and greater relapse in therapeutic community treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 96:33-38. [PMID: 30466546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impulsivity has been consistently associated with poorer addiction treatment outcomes. However, impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and current evidence have failed to unravel which specific aspects explain this relationship. There is also limited research examining long-term outcomes. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between baseline performance on a comprehensive battery of impulsivity measures and retention and relapse at the end of treatment. METHODS The sample comprised 68 participants with miscellaneous diagnoses of substance use disorders and polysubstance use patterns, enrolled in public residential therapeutic communities in Andalusia (Spain). At baseline, we applied measures of selective attention (Stroop), response inhibition (Affective Go/No Go), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MCQ), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT). At the end of treatment (mean = 148.36 days, range = 22-289 days), we collected outcome measures of retention (coded by the clinical team as completion or dropout based on statewide practice guidelines) and relapse (defined as at least two separate alcohol/drug use episodes based on urine analyses). RESULTS Cox regression models showed that poorer decision-making in the IGT was associated with premature treatment dropout, whereas elevated commission errors in the Affective Go/No Go were associated with higher relapse rates. Selective attention and delay discounting were unrelated to outcomes. CONCLUSION Long-term based decision-making skills are important to commit to the complex and intensive treatment programs of therapeutic communities. The ability to withhold behavioural responses under positive affect is relevant to prevent relapse. Both skills should be assessed and potentially trained during therapeutic community treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Moraleda Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology and Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Carmen Díaz-Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology and Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Óscar M Lozano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology and Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - José Andrés Lorca Marín
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology and Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3800 Melbourne, Australia.
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Moreno-Padilla M, Verdejo-Román J, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Reyes del Paso GA, Verdejo-García A. Increased food choice-evoked brain activation in adolescents with excess weight: Relationship with subjective craving and behavior. Appetite 2018; 131:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Martínez-González JM, Vilar López R, Lozano-Rojas O, Verdejo-García A. Questionnaire of core beliefs related to drug use and craving for assessment of relapse risk. Adicciones 2018; 30:170-178. [PMID: 28749523 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at designing a questionnaire for the assessment of addiction-related core beliefs and craving. The sample comprised 215 patients (85.8% males and 14.2% females) in treatment for dependence to alcohol (40%), cocaine (36.3%) and cannabis (23.7%). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Variance, regression and factorial analyses were conducted to study the questionnaire structure and its relation with variables such as abstinence and craving. Items about drug-related beliefs yielded a four-factor structure: what patient think that they could not do without drug use, lack of withdrawal, conditions required to use drugs again, and use of drugs as the only way to feel good. Items related to craving yielded three factors: negative emotions as precipitants of drug use, positive emotions, and difficulties attributed to coping with craving. Furthermore, beliefs were more important to predict craving than abstinence time. The present questionnaire allows to assess a set of significant factors to design prevention relapse programs.
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Martínez-González JM, Vilar-López R, Verdejo-García A. Efectividad a Largo Plazo de la Terapia de Grupo Cognitivo-conductual del Alcoholismo: Impacto de la Patología Dual en el Resultado del Tratamiento. Clínica y Salud 2018. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2018a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Martínez-González JM, Vilar López R, Becoña Iglesias E, Verdejo-García A. Self-deception as a mechanism for the maintenance of drug addiction. Psicothema 2017; 28:13-9. [PMID: 26820418 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed at: (i) examining levels of self-deception in substance dependent individuals following addiction treatment, and (ii) examining the association between participants’ levels of self-deception and (a) personality disorders, (b) addiction-related beliefs, (c) duration of abstinence, and (d) estimates of craving. METHOD We administered self-report questionnaires of self-deception and mixtification, and core beliefs related to addiction and craving. The sample comprised 79 outpatients who were consecutively recruited at the Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias in Granada: 87.3% were males and the mean age was 37.68 years old. Thirty-four percent of participants were diagnosed with comorbid personality disorders. RESULTS Results showed that individuals with substance dependence exhibit elevated scores of self-deception, particularly in the domains of active denial, selective amnesia, projection, and confabulation. Individuals with comorbid personality disorders display greater levels of self-deception compared to individuals without dual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Moreover, there is a significant association between levels of self-deception and addiction-related beliefs and craving. In addition, there is a negative association between levels of self-deception and duration of abstinence.
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Moreno-López L, Albein-Urios N, Martínez-González JM, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Neural correlates of impaired self-awareness of apathy, disinhibition and dysexecutive deficits in cocaine-dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1438-1448. [PMID: 27397847 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by impaired self-awareness about cognitive and motivational deficits, leading to poor treatment outcomes. However, there is still limited understanding of the neurophysiological underpinnings of this impairment. We aimed to establish if impaired self-awareness is underpinned by brain structural phenotypes among cocaine-dependent individuals (CDI). Sixty-five CDI and 65 designated informants completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, and a subsample of 40 CDI were scanned via magnetic resonance imaging. We applied multiple regression models to establish the association between levels of self-awareness indexed by Frontal Systems Behavior Scale's discrepancy scores (i.e. informant ratings minus self-reports of apathy, disinhibition and dysexecutive deficits) and gray matter volumes indexed by magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based measures within five brain regions of interest: anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), striatum, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We also examined the neural underpinnings of underestimation versus overestimation of deficits, by splitting the CDI group according to the positive or negative value of their discrepancy scores. We found that poorer self-awareness of apathy deficits was associated with greater gray matter volume in the dorsal striatum, and poorer self-awareness of disinhibition deficits was associated with greater gray matter volume in the OFC in the whole sample. More underestimation and more overestimation of executive deficits were linked to lower DLPFC volume. We show that impaired self-awareness of cognitive and motivational deficits in cocaine addiction has a neural underpinning, implicating striatum, OFC and DLPFC structural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-López
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz and Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Spain
- Division of Anaesthesia; University of Cambridge; UK
| | | | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz and Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Granada; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience; Monash University; Australia
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Contreras-Rodríguez O, Vilar-López R, Andrews ZB, Navas JF, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Altered cross-talk between the hypothalamus and non-homeostatic regions linked to obesity and difficulty to lose weight. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9951. [PMID: 28855582 PMCID: PMC5577266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the hypothalamus and non-homeostatic regions may contribute to explain the difficulty to lose weight in obesity, an assumption never tested in human longitudinal studies. We investigated whether the functional connectivity between the medial and lateral hypothalamus (MH and LH) and corticostriatal regions differs between individuals with excess weight (n = 42) and normal weight (n = 39) using a seed-based resting-state approach. In addition, we examined the longitudinal association between functional connectivity and weight loss in a 3-month follow-up diet. Results showed that participants with excess weight had increased connectivity between the MH and the striatum and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and decreased connectivity with the middle frontal gyrus, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as a decreased connectivity between the LH and the cerebellum. Decreased connectivity between the MH and the posterior part of the BNST, and between the LH and the cerebellar cortex, predicted a greater percentage of weight loss. Functional connectivity measures explained 36% of the 3-month weight change among individuals with excess weight. We conclude that altered functional connectivity between homeostatic-hypothalamic regions and non-homeostatic corticostriatal and cerebellar regions is linked to obesity and difficulty to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juan F Navas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, University Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Vergara-Moragues E, Verdejo-García A, Lozano OM, Santiago-Ramajo S, González-Saiz F, Betanzos Espinosa P, Pérez García M. Association between executive function and outcome measure of treatment in therapeutic community among cocaine dependent individuals. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 78:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Navas JF, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Verdejo-Román J, Perandrés-Gómez A, Albein-Urios N, Verdejo-García A, Perales JC. Trait and neurobiological underpinnings of negative emotion regulation in gambling disorder. Addiction 2017; 112:1086-1094. [PMID: 28060454 DOI: 10.1111/add.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder is characterized by poor regulation of negative emotions and impulsive behaviours. This study aimed to (1) compare gambling disorder patients (GDPs) and healthy controls (HCs) in self-report and brain activation measures of emotion regulation; and (2) establish its relationship with negative emotion-driven impulsivity. DESIGN Two cross-sectional case-control studies including GDPs and HCs. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS GDPs and HCs were recruited from specialized gambling clinics in Andalusia (Spain), where they were following out-patient treatment, and from the community, respectively. Study 1 included 41 GDPs and 45 HCs [All males; Mage = 35.22, 33.22; standard deviation (SD) = 11.16, 8.18; respectively]. Study 2 included 17 GDPs and 21 HCs (16/20 males; Mage = 32.94, 31.00; SD = 7.77, 4.60; respectively). MEASUREMENTS In study 1, we compared both groups on suppression and re-appraisal emotion regulation strategies [Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)]. In study 2, we compared GDPs with HCs on brain activation associated with down-regulation of negative emotions in a cognitive re-appraisal task, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In both studies, we correlated the measures of emotion regulation with mood-related impulsivity indicated by negative urgency (UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale). FINDINGS GDPs relative to HCs showed higher levels of emotional suppression [F = 4.525; P = 0.036; means difference MHCs -MGDPs = -2.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.706, -0.159] and higher activation of the premotor cortex and middle frontal gyrus during negative emotion regulation in the fMRI task [P ≤ 0.005, cluster size (CS) > 50 voxels]. Negative urgency correlated positively with emotional suppression (r = 0.399, 95% CI = 0.104, 0.629, one-tailed P = 0.005) and middle frontal gyrus activation during negative emotion regulation (P ≤ 0.005, CS > 50) in GDPs. CONCLUSIONS Gambling disorder is associated with greater use of emotional suppression and stronger pre-motor cortex and middle frontal gyrus activation for regulating negative emotions, compared with healthy controls. Emotional suppression use and middle frontal gyrus activation during negative emotion regulation are linked with negative emotion-driven impulsivity in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Navas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Perandrés-Gómez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Albein-Urios
- School of Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Red de trastornos adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José C Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Red de trastornos adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Alcázar-Córcoles MA, Verdejo-García A, Bouso-Sáiz JC, Revuelta-Menéndez J, Ramírez-Lira E. Personality patterns predict the risk of antisocial behavior in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2017; 45:89-97. [PMID: 28594054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a renewed interest in incorporating personality variables in criminology theories in order to build models able to integrate personality variables and biological factors with psychosocial and sociocultural factors. The aim of this article is the assessment of personality dimensions that contribute to the prediction of antisocial behavior in adolescents. METHODS For this purpose, a sample of adolescents from El Salvador, Mexico, and Spain was obtained. The sample consisted of 1035 participants with a mean age of 16.2. There were 450 adolescents from a forensic population (those who committed a crime) and 585 adolescents from the normal population (no crime committed). All of participants answered personality tests about neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and violence risk. RESULTS Principal component analysis of the data identified two independent factors: (i) the disinhibited behavior pattern (PDC), formed by the dimensions of neuroticism, psychoticism, impulsivity and risk of violence; and (ii) the extrovert behavior pattern (PEC), formed by the dimensions of sensation risk and extraversion. Both patterns significantly contributed to the prediction of adolescent antisocial behavior in a logistic regression model which properly classifies a global percentage of 81.9%, 86.8% for non-offense and 72.5% for offense behavior. CONCLUSIONS The classification power of regression equations allows making very satisfactory predictions about adolescent offense commission. Educational level has been classified as a protective factor, while age and gender (male) have been classified as risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Alcázar-Córcoles
- Department of Biological Psychology and Health Psychology, School of Psychology of the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM). Institute of Forensic and Security Sciences (ICFS), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid (Spain)
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University. Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Javier Revuelta-Menéndez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - Ezequiel Ramírez-Lira
- Departamento de cultura, arte y desarrollo humano, Centro Universitario del Sur (CUSUR), Universidad de Guadalajara. Jalisco, México
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Savvidou LG, Fagundo AB, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Claes L, Mallorquí-Baqué N, Verdejo-García A, Steiger H, Israel M, Moragas L, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Agüera Z, Tolosa-Sola I, La Verde M, Aguglia E, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Is gambling disorder associated with impulsivity traits measured by the UPPS-P and is this association moderated by sex and age? Compr Psychiatry 2017; 72:106-113. [PMID: 27810546 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impulsivity is a construct that is strongly associated with Gambling Disorder (GD). The main objectives in the present study are: 1) to explore the role of sex and age on impulsivity levels in GD patients; 2) to identify the relationship of the different impulsivity facets with comorbid psychopathology and other personality traits in GD patients; and (3) to assess whether impulsivity is a predictor for the severity of GD. METHOD The final sample consisted of 406 consecutive participants. All of them were seeking treatment for GD (88.4% male and 11.6% female) and completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory-R (TCI-R) as well as other clinical and psychopathological measures. RESULTS Results show a negative linear trend between age and lower sensation seeking levels as well as lack of premeditation (the higher the age the lower the UPPS-P scores), and a positive linear trend between age and positive urgency (UR) (the higher the age the higher the UPPS-P score). However, no sex differences were found for the assessed impulsivity dimensions. Lack of perseverance was positively associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and harm avoidance trait, and negatively related to persistence and self-directedness traits. Positive UR and negative UR were positively correlated with general psychopathology and the total number of DSM-IV criteria, and negatively associated to the following personality traits: self-directedness and cooperativeness. Finally, only the sensation seeking and negative UR of the UPPS-P showed predictive capacity on the severity of the disorder (the higher the impulsivity scores the higher the illness severity). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the association between impulsivity traits (measured by the UPPS-P) and GD in a large and consecutively recruited clinical sample with GD, taking into account the variables sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini G Savvidou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Fagundo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Claes
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Baqué
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Howard Steiger
- Douglas University Institute in Mental Health & Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mimi Israel
- Douglas University Institute in Mental Health & Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Departament d'Infermeria de Salut Pública, Salut Mental i Maternoinfantil, Escola Universitària d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Tolosa-Sola
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melania La Verde
- University of Catania, Department of Psychiatry. A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Presidio Gaspare Rodolico", U.O.P.I. of Psychiatry, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- University of Catania, Department of Psychiatry. A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Presidio Gaspare Rodolico", U.O.P.I. of Psychiatry, Catania, Italy
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERsam), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Domínguez-Salas S, Díaz-Batanero C, Lozano-Rojas OM, Verdejo-García A. Impact of general cognition and executive function deficits on addiction treatment outcomes: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:772-801. [PMID: 27793597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to examine growing evidence linking cognitive-executive functions with addiction treatment outcomes, and to discuss significant cognitive predictors drawing upon addiction neuroscience theory. We conducted a systematic search to identify studies using measures of general cognition and executive functions in patients with substance use disorders for the purpose of predicting two treatment outcomes: therapeutic adherence and relapse. Forty-six studies were selected, and sample characteristics, timing of assessments, and cognitive measures were analyzed. We observed significant methodological differences across studies, resulting in substantial variability in the relationships between cognitive-executive domains and treatment outcomes. Notwithstanding this variability, we found evidence of associations, of medium effect size, between general cognition and treatment adherence, and between reward-based decision-making and relapse. The link between general cognition and treatment adherence is consistent with emerging evidence linking limited cognitive-executive resources with less ability to benefit from talk therapies. The link between reward-based decision-making and relapse accords with decision neuroscience models of addiction. Findings may inform preclinical and clinical research concerning addiction treatment mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 21017 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz-Batanero
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 21017 Huelva, Spain
| | - Oscar Martin Lozano-Rojas
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 21017 Huelva, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3800 Melbourne, Australia.
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Verdejo-Román J, Fornito A, Soriano-Mas C, Vilar-López R, Verdejo-García A. Independent functional connectivity networks underpin food and monetary reward sensitivity in excess weight. Neuroimage 2016; 146:293-300. [PMID: 27856313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overvaluation of palatable food is a primary driver of obesity, and is associated with brain regions of the reward system. However, it remains unclear if this network is specialized in food reward, or generally involved in reward processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize functional connectivity during processing of food and monetary rewards. Thirty-nine adults with excess weight and 37 adults with normal weight performed the Willingness to Pay for Food task and the Monetary Incentive Delay task in the fMRI scanner. A data-driven graph approach was applied to compare whole-brain, task-related functional connectivity between groups. Excess weight was associated with decreased functional connectivity during the processing of food rewards in a network involving primarily frontal and striatal areas, and increased functional connectivity during the processing of monetary rewards in a network involving principally frontal and parietal areas. These two networks were topologically and anatomically distinct, and were independently associated with BMI. The processing of food and monetary rewards involve segregated neural networks, and both are altered in individuals with excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Verdejo-Román
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz, Red de Trastornos Adictivos and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Center-CIMCYC, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Alex Fornito
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz, Red de Trastornos Adictivos and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Center-CIMCYC, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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van Son D, Wiers RW, Catena A, Perez-Garcia M, Verdejo-García A. White matter disruptions in male cocaine polysubstance users: Associations with severity of drug use and duration of abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 168:247-254. [PMID: 27736678 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine dependence has been associated with alterations in the brain's white matter integrity, yet relevant questions remain about what alterations are linked to cocaine use and/or polysubstance use, and whether they are amenable to abstinence. METHODS This study applied a single measurement session of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine white matter structure in male cocaine polysubstance users (n=37) versus male healthy controls (n=38), along with correlations between DTI measures and patterns of polysubstance use and duration of abstinence. Specifically, we conducted voxel-wise analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum, frontolimbic, striatal and cingulate tracts relevant to drug sequelae. RESULTS Cocaine polysubstance users, compared to controls, showed lower FA in the body of the corpus callosum, anterior cingulate, uncinate fasciculus and retrolenticular part of the internal capsule. Duration of cocaine use had a marginal negative association with FA in the corpus callosum, and duration of alcohol use was negatively associated with FA in the internal capsule and the uncinate fasciculus. Duration of cocaine abstinence was positively correlated with FA in the uncinate fasciculus, posterior cingulate and fornix-striatum. In the context of cocaine polysubstance use, chronicity of cocaine use is therefore likely to be associated with lower FA in the corpus callosum, and chronicity of alcohol use with lower FA in the frontal-striatal and frontal-limbic tracts. Longer abstinence was correlated to greater FA in frontal-striatal and frontal-limbic tracts, though the direction of causality remains unclear. CONCLUSION Since the results did not survive multiple comparison-corrected thresholds, more studies are needed to confirm these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana van Son
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Garcia
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos & Institute of Neurosciences F. Olóriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Australia
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Verdejo-Román J, Vilar-López R, Navas JF, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Brain reward system's alterations in response to food and monetary stimuli in overweight and obese individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:666-677. [PMID: 27659185 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain's reward system is crucial to understand obesity in modern society, as increased neural responsivity to reward can fuel the unhealthy food choices that are driving the growing obesity epidemic. Brain's reward system responsivity to food and monetary rewards in individuals with excessive weight (overweight and obese) versus normal weight controls, along with the relationship between this responsivity and body mass index (BMI) were tested. The sample comprised 21 adults with obesity (BMI > 30), 21 with overweight (BMI between 25 and 30), and 39 with normal weight (BMI < 25). Participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session while performing two tasks that involve the processing of food (Willing to Pay) and monetary rewards (Monetary Incentive Delay). Neural activations within the brain reward system were compared across the three groups. Curve fit analyses were conducted to establish the association between BMI and brain reward system's response. Individuals with obesity had greater food-evoked responsivity in the dorsal and ventral striatum compared with overweight and normal weight groups. There was an inverted U-shape association between BMI and monetary-evoked responsivity in the ventral striatum, medial frontal cortex, and amygdala; that is, individuals with BMIs between 27 and 32 had greater responsivity to monetary stimuli. Obesity is associated with greater food-evoked responsivity in the ventral and dorsal striatum, and overweight is associated with greater monetary-evoked responsivity in the ventral striatum, the amygdala, and the medial frontal cortex. Findings suggest differential reactivity of the brain's reward system to food versus monetary rewards in obesity and overweight. Hum Brain Mapp 38:666-677, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Verdejo-Román
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz & Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center-CIMCYC, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz & Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center-CIMCYC, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan F Navas
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz & Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center-CIMCYC, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Moreno-Ramos L, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Pérez-García M, Verdejo-García A. Impulsivity in men with prescription of benzodiazepines and methadone in prison. Adicciones 2016; 28:205-214. [PMID: 27391844 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines and methadone use has been associated with various neuropsychological impairments. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on the effect of these substances (either separately or combined) on impulsive personality, including studies in prisoners. The aim of this study is to examine the impulsive personality of a sample of 134 male prisoners using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (Torrubia, Avila, Molto, & Caseras, 2001) and the UPPS-P Scale (Cyders et al., 2007). Some of these were methadone users, methadone and benzodiazepines users, polydrug users in abstinence and non-dependent drug users. The results showed that drug users have greater sensitivity to reward, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking than non-dependent users. Methadone users showed more sensitivity to punishment and lack of perseverance with respect to other users. No differences were found between methadone+benzodiazepines users and other groups. The secondary aim is to examine which impulsive personality dimensions are related to the two motivational systems proposed by Gray (BIS-BAS) using exploratory factor analysis. Results showed two different components. One component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to reinforcement, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking. The second component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to punishment, lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation.
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Navas JF, Vilar-López R, Perales JC, Steward T, Fernández-Aranda F, Verdejo-García A. Altered Decision-Making under Risk in Obesity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155600. [PMID: 27257888 PMCID: PMC4892558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The negative consequences of energy dense foods are well known, yet people increasingly make unhealthy food choices leading to obesity (i.e., risky decisions). The aims of this study were: [1] to compare performance in decision-making tasks under risk and under ambiguity between individuals with obesity, overweight and normal weight; [2] to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and decision-making, and the degree to which these associations are modulated by reward sensitivity. Methods Seventy-nine adults were recruited and classified in three groups according to their BMI: obesity, overweight and normal-weight. Groups were similar in terms of age, education and socio-economic status, and were screened for comorbid medical and mental health conditions. Decision-making under risk was measured via the Wheel of Fortune Task (WoFT) and decision-making under ambiguity via the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Reward sensitivity was indicated by the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Results Individuals with obesity made riskier choices in the WoFT, specifically in choices with an expected value close to zero and in the propensity to risk index. No differences were found in IGT performance or SPSRQ scores. BMI was associated with risk-taking (WoFT performance), independently of reward sensitivity. Conclusions Obesity is linked to a propensity to make risky decisions in experimental conditions analogous to everyday food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Navas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC),University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC),University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment,University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC),University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC),University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Cuberos-Urbano G, Caracuel A, Valls-Serrano C, García-Mochón L, Gracey F, Verdejo-García A. A pilot investigation of the potential for incorporating lifelog technology into executive function rehabilitation for enhanced transfer of self-regulation skills to everyday life. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2016; 28:589-601. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1187630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cuberos-Urbano
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caracuel
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Developmental Psychology, School of Education, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Valls-Serrano
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Fergus Gracey
- Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, The Princess of Wales Hospital, Ely, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences F. Olóriz, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Navas JF, Verdejo-García A, LÓpez-GÓmez M, Maldonado A, Perales JC. Gambling with Rose-Tinted Glasses on: Use of Emotion-Regulation Strategies Correlates with Dysfunctional Cognitions in Gambling Disorder Patients. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:271-81. [PMID: 27363462 PMCID: PMC5387778 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Existing research shows that gambling disorder patients (GDPs) process gambling outcomes abnormally when compared against healthy controls (HCs). These anomalies present the form of exaggerated or distorted beliefs regarding the expected utility of outcomes and one's ability to predict or control gains and losses, as well as retrospective reinterpretations of what caused them. This study explores the possibility that the emotional regulation strategies GDPs use to cope with aversive events are linked to these cognitions. Methods 41 GDPs and 45 HCs, matched in sociodemographic variables, were assessed in gambling severity, emotion-regulation strategies (cognitive emotion-regulation questionnaire, CERQ), and gambling-related cognitions (gambling-related cognitions scale, GRCS). Results GDPs showed higher scores in all gambling-related cognition dimensions. Regarding emotion regulation, GDPs were observed to use self-blame and catastrophizing, but also positive refocusing, more often than controls. Additionally, in GDPs, putatively adaptive CERQ strategies shared a significant portion of variance with South Oaks gambling screen severity and GRCS beliefs. Shared variability was mostly attributable to the roles of refocusing on planning and putting into perspective at positively predicting severity and the interpretative bias (GDPs propensity to reframe losses in a more benign way), respectively. Discussion and conclusions Results show links between emotion-regulation strategies and problematic gambling-related behaviors and cognitions. The pattern of those links supports the idea that GDPs use emotion-regulation strategies, customarily regarded as adaptive, to cope with negative emotions, so that the motivational and cognitive processing of gambling outcomes becomes less effective in shaping gambling-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Navas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Corresponding author: Juan F. Navas; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n. 18071, Granada, Spain; Phone: +34 958 24 78 82 Fax: +34 958 24 62 39; E-mail:
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta LÓpez-GÓmez
- Granada Association of Rehabilitated Pathological Gamblers (AGRAJER), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Lorenzetti V, Cousijn J, Solowij N, Garavan H, Suo C, Yücel M, Verdejo-García A. The Neurobiology of Cannabis Use Disorders: A Call for Evidence. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:86. [PMID: 27242457 PMCID: PMC4861711 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Vermont Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Chao Suo
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Contreras-Rodríguez O, Albein-Urios N, Vilar-López R, Perales JC, Martínez-Gonzalez JM, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Lozano-Rojas O, Clark L, Verdejo-García A. Increased corticolimbic connectivity in cocaine dependence versus pathological gambling is associated with drug severity and emotion-related impulsivity. Addict Biol 2016; 21:709-18. [PMID: 25818325 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural biomarkers for the active detrimental effects of cocaine dependence (CD) are lacking. Direct comparisons of brain connectivity in cocaine-targeted networks between CD and behavioural addictions (i.e. pathological gambling, PG) may be informative. This study therefore contrasted the resting-state functional connectivity networks of 20 individuals with CD, 19 individuals with PG and 21 healthy individuals (controls). Study groups were assessed to rule out psychiatric co-morbidities (except alcohol abuse and nicotine dependence) and current substance use or gambling (except PG). We first examined global connectivity differences in the corticolimbic reward network and then utilized seed-based analyses to characterize the connectivity of regions displaying between-group differences. We examined the relationships between seed-based connectivity and trait impulsivity and cocaine severity. CD compared with PG displayed increased global functional connectivity in a large-scale ventral corticostriatal network involving the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, thalamus and amygdala. Seed-based analyses showed that CD compared with PG exhibited enhanced connectivity between the orbitofrontal and subgenual cingulate cortices and between caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex, which are involved in representing the value of decision-making feedback. CD and PG compared with controls showed overlapping connectivity changes between the orbitofrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices and between amygdala and insula, which are involved in stimulus-outcome learning. Orbitofrontal-subgenual cingulate cortical connectivity correlated with impulsivity and caudate/amygdala connectivity correlated with cocaine severity. We conclude that CD is linked to enhanced connectivity in a large-scale ventral corticostriatal-amygdala network that is relevant to decision making and likely to reflect an active cocaine detrimental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz; Universidad de Granada; Spain
| | | | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center; Universidad de Granada; Spain
| | - Jose C. Perales
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center; Universidad de Granada; Spain
| | - Jose M. Martínez-Gonzalez
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias; Diputación de Granada; Spain
| | - Maria J. Fernández-Serrano
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Department of Psychology; Universidad de Jaén; Spain
| | - Oscar Lozano-Rojas
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Department of Psychology; Universidad de Huelva; Spain
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC; Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; Canada
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz; Universidad de Granada; Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences; Monash University; Australia
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Valls-Serrano C, Verdejo-García A, Caracuel A. Planning deficits in polysubstance dependent users: Differential associations with severity of drug use and intelligence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:72-8. [PMID: 26971229 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysubstance use is associated with alterations in different components of executive functioning such as working memory and response inhibition. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to executive planning skills, which are required to benefit of low structured interventions. This study examines the association between severity of use of cocaine, heroin, alcohol, fluid and crystallized intelligence and planning tasks varying on degree of structure. METHODS Data were collected from 60 polysubstance users and 30 healthy controls. Cognitive assessment consisted of three planning tasks with different structure levels: Stockings of Cambridge, Zoo Map test, and Multiple Errands Test. RESULTS Polysubstance users had significant planning deficits across the three tasks compared to healthy controls. Hierarchical regression models showed that severity of drug use and fluid and crystallized intelligence significantly explained performance in all the planning tasks. However, these associations were higher for low-structured real world tasks. These low-structured tasks also showed a unique association with crystallized but not fluid intelligence. CONCLUSION Drug abuse is negatively associated with planning abilities, and intelligence is positively associated with planning performance in real-world tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valls-Serrano
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - A Verdejo-García
- Institute of Neuroscience F. Olóriz and Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Caracuel
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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