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Ottino-González J, Cupertino RB, Cao Z, Hahn S, Pancholi D, Albaugh MD, Brumback T, Baker FC, Brown SA, Clark DB, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Luna B, Nagel BJ, Nooner KB, Pohl KM, Tapert SF, Thompson WK, Jernigan TL, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. Brain structural covariance network features are robust markers of early heavy alcohol use. Addiction 2024; 119:113-124. [PMID: 37724052 PMCID: PMC10872365 DOI: 10.1111/add.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, we demonstrated that a distinct pattern of structural covariance networks (SCN) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived measurements of brain cortical thickness characterized young adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicted current and future problematic drinking in adolescents relative to controls. Here, we establish the robustness and value of SCN for identifying heavy alcohol users in three additional independent studies. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics (PING) study (n = 400, age range = 14-22 years), the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) (n = 272, age range = 17-22 years) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (n = 375, age range = 22-37 years). CASES Cases were defined based on heavy alcohol use patterns or former alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses: 50, 68 and 61 cases were identified. Controls had none or low alcohol use or absence of AUD: 350, 204 and 314 controls were selected. MEASUREMENTS Graph theory metrics of segregation and integration were used to summarize SCN. FINDINGS Mirroring our prior findings, and across the three data sets, cases had a lower clustering coefficient [area under the curve (AUC) = -0.029, P = 0.002], lower modularity (AUC = -0.14, P = 0.004), lower average shortest path length (AUC = -0.078, P = 0.017) and higher global efficiency (AUC = 0.007, P = 0.010). Local efficiency differences were marginal (AUC = -0.017, P = 0.052). That is, cases exhibited lower network segregation and higher integration, suggesting that adjacent nodes (i.e. brain regions) were less similar in thickness whereas spatially distant nodes were more similar. CONCLUSION Structural covariance network (SCN) differences in the brain appear to constitute an early marker of heavy alcohol use in three new data sets and, more generally, demonstrate the utility of SCN-derived metrics to detect brain-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Division of Endocrinology, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Devarshi Pancholi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Cao Z, McCabe M, Callas P, Cupertino RB, Ottino-González J, Murphy A, Pancholi D, Schwab N, Catherine O, Hutchison K, Cousijn J, Dagher A, Foxe JJ, Goudriaan AE, Hester R, Li CSR, Thompson WK, Morales AM, London ED, Lorenzetti V, Luijten M, Martin-Santos R, Momenan R, Paulus MP, Schmaal L, Sinha R, Solowij N, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Uhlmann A, van Holst RJ, Veltman DJ, Wiers RW, Yücel M, Zhang S, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. Recalibrating single-study effect sizes using hierarchical Bayesian models. Front Neuroimaging 2023; 2:1138193. [PMID: 38179200 PMCID: PMC10764546 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1138193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction There are growing concerns about commonly inflated effect sizes in small neuroimaging studies, yet no study has addressed recalibrating effect size estimates for small samples. To tackle this issue, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian model to adjust the magnitude of single-study effect sizes while incorporating a tailored estimation of sampling variance. Methods We estimated the effect sizes of case-control differences on brain structural features between individuals who were dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or cannabis and non-dependent participants for 21 individual studies (Total cases: 903; Total controls: 996). Then, the study-specific effect sizes were modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian approach in which the parameters of the study-specific effect size distributions were sampled from a higher-order overarching distribution. The posterior distribution of the overarching and study-specific parameters was approximated using the Gibbs sampling method. Results The results showed shrinkage of the posterior distribution of the study-specific estimates toward the overarching estimates given the original effect sizes observed in individual studies. Differences between the original effect sizes (i.e., Cohen's d) and the point estimate of the posterior distribution ranged from 0 to 0.97. The magnitude of adjustment was negatively correlated with the sample size (r = -0.27, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with empirically estimated sampling variance (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), suggesting studies with smaller samples and larger sampling variance tended to have greater adjustments. Discussion Our findings demonstrate the utility of the hierarchical Bayesian model in recalibrating single-study effect sizes using information from similar studies. This suggests that Bayesian utilization of existing knowledge can be an effective alternative approach to improve the effect size estimation in individual studies, particularly for those with smaller samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Peter Callas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alistair Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Devarshi Pancholi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nathan Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Orr Catherine
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alain Dagher
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John J. Foxe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Angelica M. Morales
- Department of Psychiatry at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Edythe D. London
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology and Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
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Caldú X, Prats-Soteras X, García-García I, Prunell-Castañé A, Sánchez-Garre C, Cano N, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Ottino-González J, Garolera M, Jurado MÁ. Body mass index, systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106298. [PMID: 37295218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive body weight has been related to lower cognitive performance. One of the mechanisms through which excess body weight may affect cognition is inflammation. HYPOTHESIS Our hypothesis is that both body mass index (BMI) and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers will be negatively related to cognitive performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Users of the public health centres of the Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Terrassa, Spain) between 2010 and 2017 aged 12-21 years. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and five adolescents (46 normoweight, 18 overweight, 41 obese). MEASUREMENTS Levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and fibrinogen were determined from blood samples. Cognitive performance was evaluated and six cognitive composites were obtained: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, decision-making, verbal memory, and fine motor speed. A single multivariate general lineal model was used to assess the influence of the four inflammatory biomarkers, as well as participants' BMI, sex, and age on the 6 cognitive indexes. RESULTS An inverse relationship between BMI and inhibitory control (F = 5.688, p = .019; β = -0.212, p = .031), verbal memory (F = 5.404, p = .022; β = -0.255, p = .009) and fine motor speed (F = 9.038, p = .003; β = -0.319, p = .001) was observed. Levels of TNFα and fibrinogen were inversely related to inhibitory control (F = 5.055, p = .027; β = -0.226, p = .021) and verbal memory (F = 4.732, p = .032; β = -0.274, p = .005), respectively. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study, the use of cognitive tests designed for clinical purposes, and the use of BMI as a proxy for adiposity are limitations of our study that must be taken into account when interpreting results. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that some components of executive functions, together with verbal memory, are sensitive to specific obesity-related inflammatory agents at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Prats-Soteras
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel García-García
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Clinique la Prairie, Montreux, Rue du Lac 142, 1815 Clarens, Switzerland
| | - Anna Prunell-Castañé
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Garre
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Pediàtrica, Departament de Pediatria, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Neus Cano
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Encarnació Tor
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Av del Vallès 451, 08226 Terrassa, Spain
| | - María-José Sender-Palacios
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Av del Vallès 451, 08226 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Division of Endocrinology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States
| | - Maite Garolera
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Ottino-González J, Garavan H. Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents. Addiction 2022; 117:1312-1325. [PMID: 34907616 DOI: 10.1111/add.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Graph theoretic analysis of structural covariance networks (SCN) provides an assessment of brain organization that has not yet been applied to alcohol dependence (AD). We estimated whether SCN differences are present in adults with AD and heavy-drinking adolescents at age 19 and age 14, prior to substantial exposure to alcohol. DESIGN Cross-sectional sample of adults and a cohort of adolescents. Correlation matrices for cortical thicknesses across 68 regions were summarized with graph theoretic metrics. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 745 adults with AD and 979 non-dependent controls from 24 sites curated by the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA)-Addiction consortium, and 297 hazardous drinking adolescents and 594 controls at ages 19 and 14 from the IMAGEN study, all from Europe. MEASUREMENTS Metrics of network segregation (modularity, clustering coefficient and local efficiency) and integration (average shortest path length and global efficiency). FINDINGS The younger AD adults had lower network segregation and higher integration relative to non-dependent controls. Compared with controls, the hazardous drinkers at age 19 showed lower modularity [area-under-the-curve (AUC) difference = -0.0142, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.1333, 0.0092; P-value = 0.017], clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0164, 95% CI = -0.1456, 0.0043; P-value = 0.008) and local efficiency (AUC difference = -0.0141, 95% CI = -0.0097, 0.0034; P-value = 0.010), as well as lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0405, 95% CI = -0.0392, 0.0096; P-value = 0.021) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0044, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0043; P-value = 0.023). The same pattern was present at age 14 with lower clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0131, 95% CI = -0.1304, 0.0033; P-value = 0.024), lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0362, 95% CI = -0.0334, 0.0118; P-value = 0.019) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0035, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0038; P-value = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional analyses indicate that a specific structural covariance network profile is an early marker of alcohol dependence in adults. Similar effects in a cohort of heavy-drinking adolescents, observed at age 19 and prior to substantial alcohol exposure at age 14, suggest that this pattern may be a pre-existing risk factor for problematic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Ottino-González J, Uhlmann A, Hahn S, Cao Z, Cupertino RB, Schwab N, Allgaier N, Alia-Klein N, Ekhtiari H, Fouche JP, Goldstein RZ, Li CSR, Lochner C, London ED, Luijten M, Masjoodi S, Momenan R, Oghabian MA, Roos A, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Veltman DJ, Verdejo-García A, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zhong N, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109185. [PMID: 34861493 PMCID: PMC8952409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention. METHODS Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333). We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 20 bilateral tracts. Also, we compared the performance of various machine learning algorithms in deriving brain-based classifications on stimulant dependence. RESULTS The cocaine and methamphetamine groups had lower regional FA and higher RD in several association, commissural, and projection white matter tracts. The methamphetamine dependent group additionally showed lower regional AD. The nicotine group had lower FA and higher RD limited to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The best performing machine learning algorithm was the support vector machine (SVM). The SVM successfully classified individuals with dependence on cocaine (AUC = 0.70, p < 0.001) and methamphetamine (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.001) relative to non-dependent controls. Classifications related to nicotine dependence proved modest (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Stimulant dependence was related to FA disturbances within tracts consistent with a role in addiction. The multivariate pattern of white matter differences proved sufficient to identify individuals with stimulant dependence, particularly for cocaine and methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States.
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nathan Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- SA MRC Genomics and Brain Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sadegh Masjoodi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging & Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annerine Roos
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC – location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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Ottino-González J, Baggio HC, Jurado MÁ, Segura B, Caldú X, Prats-Soteras X, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Miró N, Sánchez-Garre C, Dadar M, Dagher A, García-García I, Garolera M. Alterations in Brain Network Organization in Adults With Obesity as Compared With Healthy-Weight Individuals and Seniors. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:700-706. [PMID: 33938505 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Life expectancy and obesity rates have drastically increased in recent years. An unhealthy weight is related to long-lasting medical disorders that might compromise the normal course of aging. The aim of the current study of brain connectivity patterns was to examine whether adults with obesity would show signs of premature aging, such as lower segregation, in large-scale networks. METHODS Participants with obesity (n = 30, mean age = 32.8 ± 5.68 years) were compared with healthy-weight controls (n = 33, mean age = 30.9 ± 6.24 years) and senior participants who were stroke-free and without dementia (n = 30, mean age = 67.1 ± 6.65 years) using resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory metrics (i.e., small-world index, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and degree). RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, participants with obesity exhibited a higher clustering coefficient compared with senior participants (t = 5.06, p < .001, d = 1.23, 95% CIbca = 0.64 to 1.88). Participants with obesity also showed lower global degree relative to seniors (t = -2.98, p = .014, d = -0.77, 95% CIbca = -1.26 to -0.26) and healthy-weight controls (t = -2.92, p = .019, d = -0.72, 95% CIbca = -1.19 to -0.25). Regional degree alterations in this group were present in several functional networks. CONCLUSIONS Participants with obesity displayed greater network clustering than did seniors and also had lower degree compared with seniors and individuals with normal weight, which is not consistent with the notion that obesity is associated with premature aging of the brain. Although the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes causal inference, the overly clustered network patterns in obese participants could be relevant to age-related changes in brain function because regular networks might be less resilient and metabolically inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- From the Department of Psychiatry (González), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia (Jurado, Caldú, Prats-Soteras, García-García) and Institut de Neurociències (Baggio, Jurado, Segura, Caldú, Prats-Soteras, García-García), Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Dèu (Ottino-González, Jurado, Caldú, Prats-Soteras, García-García), Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu; Departament de Medicina (Baggio, Segura), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Montreal Neurological Institute (Dadar, Dagher), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Unitat d'Endocrinologia, Hospital de Terrassa (Miró, Sánchez-Garre), Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa; and CAP Terrassa Nord (Tor, Sender-Palacios), Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa (Garolera), and Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Research Group (Garolera), Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
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García-García I, Garolera M, Ottino-González J, Prats-Soteras X, Prunell-Castañé A, Jurado MÁ. Restrained Eating Is Associated with Lower Cortical Thickness in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Adolescents. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080978. [PMID: 34439597 PMCID: PMC8394556 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some eating patterns, such as restrained eating and uncontrolled eating, are risk factors for eating disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether they are associated with neurocognitive differences. In the current study, we analyzed whether eating patterns can be used to classify participants into meaningful clusters, and we examined whether there are neurocognitive differences between the clusters. Adolescents (n = 108; 12 to 17 years old) and adults (n = 175, 18 to 40 years old) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, which was used to classify participants according to their eating profile using k means clustering. Participants also completed personality questionnaires and a neuropsychological examination. A subsample of participants underwent a brain MRI acquisition. In both samples, we obtained a cluster characterized by high uncontrolled eating patterns, a cluster with high scores in restrictive eating, and a cluster with low scores in problematic eating behaviors. The clusters were equivalent with regards to personality and performance in executive functions. In adolescents, the cluster with high restrictive eating showed lower cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to the other two clusters. We hypothesize that this difference in cortical thickness represents an adaptive neural mechanism that facilitates inhibition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.-G.); (J.O.-G.); (X.P.-S.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Maite Garolera
- Neuropsychology Unit, Hospital of Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.-G.); (J.O.-G.); (X.P.-S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Xavier Prats-Soteras
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.-G.); (J.O.-G.); (X.P.-S.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Anna Prunell-Castañé
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.-G.); (J.O.-G.); (X.P.-S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.-G.); (J.O.-G.); (X.P.-S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ottino-González J, Jurado MA, García-García I, Caldú X, Prats-Soteras X, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Garolera M. Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:165-170. [PMID: 30991312 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Overweight is linked to inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses potentially prompting deregulations in biological systems harmful to the brain, particularly to the prefrontal cortex. This structure is crucial for executive performance, ultimately supervising behaviour. Thus, in the present work, we aimed to test the relationship between allostatic load increase, a surrogate of chronic physiological stress, and core executive functions, such as cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory. METHOD Forty-seven healthy-weight and 56 overweight volunteers aged from 21 to 40 underwent medical and neuropsychological examination. RESULTS Overweight subjects exhibited a greater allostatic load index than healthy-weight individuals. Moreover, the allostatic load index was negatively related to inhibitory control. When separated, the link between allostatic load index and cognitive flexibility was more marked in the overweight group. CONCLUSIONS An overweight status was linked to chronic physiological stress. The inverse relationship between the allostatic load index and cognitive flexibility proved stronger in this group. Set-shifting alterations could sustain rigid-like behaviours and attitudes towards food.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ottino-González
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spain
| | - M A Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spain.
| | | | - X Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spain
| | - X Prats-Soteras
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spain
| | - E Tor
- CAP Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - M Garolera
- Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain; Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain
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9
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Caldú X, Ottino-González J, Sánchez-Garre C, Hernan I, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Dreher JC, Garolera M, Jurado MÁ. Effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val 158 Met polymorphism on theory of mind in obesity. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2019; 27:401-409. [PMID: 30761671 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied with psychosocial adjustment problems, such as difficulties in social interactions and social withdrawal. A key aspect of social cognition is theory of mind, which allows inferring mental states, feelings, motivations, and beliefs of others and to use this information to predict their future behaviour. Theory of mind is highly dependent on prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is regulated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. We aimed at determining whether theory of mind is altered in obesity and if this ability is modulated by COMT. Fifty patients with obesity and 47 normal-weight individuals underwent the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Vocabulary subscale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The genotype for the COMT Val 158 Met functional polymorphism was determined for all subjects. Patients with obesity obtained significantly lower scores in the negative items of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test than normal-weight subjects. Further, an interaction effect was observed between group and COMT genotype. Specifically, the presence of the Met allele was associated to a better identification of negative mental states only in patients with obesity. Our results indicate that obesity is accompanied with difficulties in theory of mind and that this ability is influenced by the COMT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Garre
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Pediàtrica, Departament de Pediatria, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Imma Hernan
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Encarnació Tor
- Centre d'atenció primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Claude Dreher
- Neuroeconomics, Reward and Decision Making Team, Cognitive Neuroscience Centre, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maite Garolera
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Ottino-González J, Jurado MA, García-García I, Segura B, Marqués-Iturria I, Sender-Palacios MJ, Tor E, Prats-Soteras X, Caldú X, Junqué C, Pasternak O, Garolera M. Allostatic load and disordered white matter microstructure in overweight adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15898. [PMID: 30367110 PMCID: PMC6203765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and stress are both related to brain structural abnormalities. The allostatic load model states that frequent disruption of homeostasis is inherently linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that in turn can damage the brain. However, the effects of the allostatic load on the central nervous system remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the allostatic load and the composition of whole-brain white matter tracts in overweight subjects. Additionally, we have also tested for grey matter changes regarding allostatic load increase. Thirty-one overweight-to-obese adults and 21 lean controls participated in the study. Our results showed that overweight participants presented higher allostatic load indexes. Such increases correlated with lower fractional anisotropy in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi and the right anterior corona radiata, as well as with grey matter reductions in the left precentral gyrus, the left lateral occipital gyrus, and the right pars opercularis. These results suggest that an otherwise healthy overweight status is linked to long-term biological changes potentially harmful to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ottino-González
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I García-García
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Segura
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Marqués-Iturria
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Sender-Palacios
- CAP Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Tor
- CAP Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Prats-Soteras
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Junqué
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Garolera
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Ottino-González J, Jurado MA, García-García I, Segura B, Marqués-Iturria I, Sender-Palacios MJ, Tor E, Prats-Soteras X, Caldú X, Junqué C, Garolera M. Allostatic Load Is Linked to Cortical Thickness Changes Depending on Body-Weight Status. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:639. [PMID: 29375342 PMCID: PMC5770747 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Overweight (body mass index or BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and stress interact with each other in complex ways. Overweight promotes chronic low-inflammation states, while stress is known to mediate caloric intake. Both conditions are linked to several avoidable health problems and to cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and dementia. Since it was proposed as a framework for the onset of mental illness, the allostatic load model has received increasing attention. Although changes in health and cognition related to overweight and stress are well-documented separately, the association between allostatic load and brain integrity has not been addressed in depth, especially among overweight subjects. Method: Thirty-four healthy overweight-to-obese and 29 lean adults underwent blood testing, neuropsychological examination, and magnetic resonance imaging to assess the relationship between cortical thickness and allostatic load, represented as an index of 15 biomarkers (this is, systolic and diastolic arterial tension, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, insulin, cortisol, fibrinogen, and leptin). Results: Allostatic load indexes showed widespread positive and negative significant correlations (p < 0.01) with cortical thickness values depending on body-weight status. Conclusion: The increase of allostatic load is linked to changes in the gray matter composition of regions monitoring behavior, sensory-reward processing, and general cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María A Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bàrbara Segura
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Idoia Marqués-Iturria
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Sender-Palacios
- CAP Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Encarnació Tor
- CAP Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Xavier Prats-Soteras
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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