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Grzywa-Celińska A, Krusiński A, Kozak K, Mazur J, Grządziel D, Dos Santos Szewczyk K, Chmielewska I, Milanowski J. Indoor radon exposure and living conditions in patients with advanced lung cancer in Lublin region, Poland. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:7352-7361. [PMID: 37606144 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radon (Rn-222) is a noble gas formed in the uranium path (U-238) as a decay product of radium (Ra-226). It is estimated to cause between 3% to 14% of all lung cancers, depending on the national average radon level and smoking prevalence. Radon molecules emit alpha radiation, which is characterized by low permeability through tissues, but due to its remarkably high energy, it has a high potential for DNA damage. The aim of our research was to assess the radon concentration inside the houses of patients with advanced lung cancer and to analyze their socio-economics status. PATIENTS AND METHODS The measurements of radon concentration were performed in 102 patients with stage 3B or higher lung cancer in the region of Lublin, Poland. One month of radon exposure measurement was performed with alpha-track detectors. In addition, patients filled in a detailed survey about factors that might influence the concentration of radon inside their houses. RESULTS The average concentration of radon during the exposure of the detector in the residential premises of the respondents was at the level of 69.0 Bq/m3 [37.0-117.0]. A few significant correlations were discovered, e.g., higher levels of radon in countryside houses or in houses equipped with air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS As radon exposure is a modifiable risk factor for lung cancer, it is extremely important to find factors that may reduce its concentration in dwelling places. Since our research was performed in houses of people with lung cancer, taking corrective actions based on our findings could prevent new lung cancer incidence in patients' flatmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzywa-Celińska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Teterycz P, Kosela Paterczyk H, Jagodzinska-Mucha P, Mariuk-Jarema A, Sobczuk P, Kozak K, Rogala P, Wagrodzki M, Switaj T, Łysikowska W, A. klimczak, Rutkowski P. 1518P An individualized model-based risk score is the best prognostic tool for localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS) cases, but clinical status cannot be neglected. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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3
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Kalita-Kurzyńska K, Mołas A, Kozak K, Dulęba M, Kiersnowska I. Assessment of nutrition knowledge during lactation among postpartum women. MSP 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is the most appropriate form of nutrition for newborns and infants. During lactation, milk production is an important function of a new mother’s body. The lack of a healthy, balanced diet carries a high risk of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies in postpartum women.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to explore the nutrition knowledge of postpartum mothers during lactation, based on current guidelines.
Material and methods: The study involved 103 postpartum mothers who stayed in the maternity and neonatal ward in a secondary care hospital from April 2019 to January 2020. The diagnostic survey method was used as the research tool, which included an original questionnaire. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel descriptive statistics. The analysis of Spearman’s R correlation between the variables was performed in the Statistica 13.1 program. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05.
Results: The average score among respondents was 4.82/10 points. Most study participants (77%, n = 79) considered breastfeeding women to have greater energy and nutritional requirements. More than half of the study participants (59%, n = 61) declared that some food products should be eliminated from the diet, namely strawberries, citrus fruit and chocolate.
Conclusions: Women’s knowledge about nutrition during lactation is insufficient. There is a need to intensify education in this area by medical professionals including midwives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kalita-Kurzyńska
- University Laboratory for Research on Feminine Milk and Lactation at the Regional Milk Bank at the Hospital of St. Families in Warsaw, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mołas
- University Laboratory for Research on Feminine Milk and Lactation at the Regional Milk Bank at the Hospital of St. Families in Warsaw, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Dulęba
- Department of Oncological Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kiersnowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Kozak K, Smith PH, Lowe DJ, Weinberger AH, Cooper ZD, Rabin RA, George TP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in cannabis use disorder amongst people with comorbid mental illness. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021; 47:535-547. [PMID: 34280058 PMCID: PMC9144491 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1946071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While males are more likely diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD), females are more susceptible to developing and maintaining CUD. Yet, for both sexes, CUD is associated with high rates of comorbid mental illness (MI). OBJECTIVES To identify and compare sex differences in the prevalence of comorbid CUD amongst individuals with/without MIs. METHODS This systematic review generated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from 37 studies (including clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies) among individuals with and without MIs, quantifying sex differences in rates of comorbid CUD. A meta-analysis was also completed. RESULTS In the CUD-only group, males were twice as likely to have CUD than females (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.9-2.1). Among MIs, males were more likely than females to have CUD comorbid with schizophrenia (OR ~2.6, CI = 2.5-2.7) and other psychotic, mood, and substance use disorders (1> OR <2.2, CI = 0.7-2.6). The reverse association (females > males) was observed for anxiety disorders and antisocial personality disorder (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.7-1.0). Among females, MIs increased the likelihood of having CUD, except for psychotic disorders and depression. A meta-analysis was inconclusive due to high heterogeneity across studies. Thus, comparisons across MI groups were not possible. CONCLUSION While males are more likely to be diagnosed with CUD, there are important sex differences in the prevalence of CUD across MI diagnoses that should be taken into account when approaching CUD prevention and determining treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip H. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Darby J.E Lowe
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel A. Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and the Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Kosela Paterczyk H, Teterycz P, Kozak K, Klimczak A, Switaj T, Rogala P, Jagodzinska-Mucha P, Polaczek M, Sobczuk P, Mariuk-Jarema A, Kopec S, Placzke J, Dudzisz-Sledz M, Ostaszewski K, Rutkowski P. 1529P Treatment results in elderly patients (pts) diagnosed with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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6
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Kosela Paterczyk H, Mariuk-Jarema A, Teterycz P, Switaj T, Kozak K, Jagodzinska-Mucha P, Klimczak A, Rogala P, Wagrodzki M, Falkowski S, Rutkowski P. 1642P Treatment results of patients diagnosed with rare types of bone sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Kozak K, Pantaleo M, Fumagalli E, Nannini M, Bylina E, Poleszczuk J, Klimczak A, Casali P, Rutkowski P. 1667TiP A phase II, single arm study of avelumab in combination with axitinib in patients with unresectable/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure of standard therapy - AXAGIST. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
Introduction: Rates of tobacco smoking are high in people with schizophrenia with greater difficulty of quitting smoking compared to the general population, which also relate to the increased cardiovascular and cancer risks in this co-occurring disorder. Therefore, effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies addressing tobacco co-morbidity are imperative.Areas covered: In this review, the authors performed an extensive systematic electronic literature review examining the efficacy and safety of first-line pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation, including varenicline, sustained-release bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) using continuous abstinence rates over 10-12-week periods in smokers with schizophrenia. Twelve trials reporting smoking cessation outcomes using interventions in schizophrenia were included and risk ratio (RR) was used.Expert opinion: Our findings support the efficacy and safety of first-line pharmacotherapies for the treatment of tobacco use disorder in smokers with schizophrenia. Further research on the long-term effectiveness and safety of these agents in community samples is warranted. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapies may warrant the consideration of the emerging use of electronic nicotine delivery systems while neuromodulation techniques also offer promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Kozak K, Kalaman O, Yegorova A, Strunova O. FORMATION AND CONTROL OF THE QUALITY OF FOOD AND FEEDS: FROM THE BASIC TECHNOLOGIES TO THE HUMAN FACTOR. ХНТ 2019. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v13i3.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Today, the European vector of our country’s development and the strategy of economic partnership with the EU pose certain challenges for our state. Signing the EU Association Agreement made an important impact on the changes in Ukrainian legislation concerning harmonization of laws and rules in economics. Providing the proper quality of agricultural products remains an important task. It requires improving the organizational and legal support in changing accents in legal regulation: giving manufacturers more freedom in economic issues instead of administering directly. The above-mentioned Agreement gave a good boost to create the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, which, in turn allowed merging three state organizations to start monitoring food safety and quality “from field to fork.” Especially important are the Requirements to the Development, Introduction, and Usage of Standing Procedures based on the HACCP system principles. Today, HACCP-based certification of standing procedures is not obligatory, unlike the presence of Prerequisite Programmes of HACCP, which is obligatory. A Prerequisite Programme must cover 13 processes: from planning the manufacturing, auxiliary, and staff facilities in order to avoid cross-contamination to marking finished products. A number of requirements must be met by each of these processes in particular. The authors of this article have analysed the legislation changes and the latest publications about a number of Ukrainian food enterprises that have introduced the HACCP principles. This analysis has allowed concluding that in these enterprises, this process has caused some changes in their manufacturing technologies and management systems. Groups of factors influencing the products’ quality have been outlined. The importance of the human element at various stages of quality formation and control has been emphasized. The existing systems of quality and safety management in food industries have been analysed in detail.
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10
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Placzke J, Teterycz P, Lugowska I, Morysinski T, Borkowska A, Switaj T, Klimczak A, Kozak K, Rogala P, Kosela-Paterczyk H, Dudzisz-Sledz M, Spalek M, Czarnecka A, Rutkowski P. The analysis of current treatment outcomes in melanoma patients with brain metastases. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz255.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Kozak K, Lugowska I, Teterycz P, Paterczyk HMK, Switaj T, Goryn T, Dziewirski W, Morysinski T, Falkowski S, Rutkowski P. The final outcomes of study on combined therapy of adult patients with localized synovial sarcoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz283.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Ekhtiari H, Tavakoli H, Addolorato G, Baeken C, Bonci A, Campanella S, Castelo-Branco L, Challet-Bouju G, Clark VP, Claus E, Dannon PN, Del Felice A, den Uyl T, Diana M, di Giannantonio M, Fedota JR, Fitzgerald P, Gallimberti L, Grall-Bronnec M, Herremans SC, Herrmann MJ, Jamil A, Khedr E, Kouimtsidis C, Kozak K, Krupitsky E, Lamm C, Lechner WV, Madeo G, Malmir N, Martinotti G, McDonald WM, Montemitro C, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Nasehi M, Noël X, Nosratabadi M, Paulus M, Pettorruso M, Pradhan B, Praharaj SK, Rafferty H, Sahlem G, Salmeron BJ, Sauvaget A, Schluter RS, Sergiou C, Shahbabaie A, Sheffer C, Spagnolo PA, Steele VR, Yuan TF, van Dongen JDM, Van Waes V, Venkatasubramanian G, Verdejo-García A, Verveer I, Welsh JW, Wesley MJ, Witkiewitz K, Yavari F, Zarrindast MR, Zawertailo L, Zhang X, Cha YH, George TP, Frohlich F, Goudriaan AE, Fecteau S, Daughters SB, Stein EA, Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Zangen A, Bikson M, Hanlon CA. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 104:118-140. [PMID: 31271802 PMCID: PMC7293143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data - emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iran
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Alcohol Use Disorder Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Catholic University of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vincent P Clark
- University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandra Del Felice
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Gallimberti
- Novella Fronda Foundation, Human Science and Brain Research, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sarah C Herremans
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Karolina Kozak
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.-Petersburg, Russia; St.-Petersburg First Pavlov State Medical University, Russia
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Graziella Madeo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Montemitro
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xavier Noël
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Samir K Praharaj
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Haley Rafferty
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Laboratory «Movement, Interactions, Performance» (E.A. 4334), University of Nantes, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France; CHU de Nantes Addictology and Liaison Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Renée S Schluter
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, USA; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran
| | | | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | - Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | | | - Tony P George
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | | | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin, Department of Research and Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Dept. Neurology, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Kozak K, Lowe DJE, George TP. Effects of Tobacco Smoking Status on Verbal Learning and Memory in Patients With Schizophrenia and Non-Psychiatric Controls. Am J Addict 2019; 28:503-511. [PMID: 31291035 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with schizophrenia have higher rates of tobacco smoking compared to the general population. Moreover, these patients have deficits in cognition, including verbal learning and memory. However, it is not clear whether smoking status alters verbal learning and memory in schizophrenia. We examined the effects of smoking abstinence and reinstatement on verbal learning and memory in people with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric controls and other cognitive domains as exploratory. METHODS Smoking participants (N = 28; 14 schizophrenia smokers; 14 nonpsychiatric smokers) were studied under smoking satiated, overnight abstinence and smoking reinstatement conditions. Nonsmokers ( n = 30; 15 schizophrenia nonsmokers; 15 nonpsychiatric nonsmokers) were also studied. A comprehensive cognitive battery was administered including verbal learning and memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). RESULTS A 2 (diagnosis) × 2 (smoking status) repeated measures analysis of variance with time (session) as the within-subjects factor and diagnosis and smoking status as the between-subject factors was performed for HVLT-R and other cognitive outcomes. Smoking abstinence produced a decline in verbal memory of the HVLT discrimination index in smokers with schizophrenia that was partially revised by reinstatement, although trends for other HVLT measures were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Acute cigarette smoking and abstinence may selectively alter verbal learning and memory deficits in smokers with schizophrenia compared to nonpsychiatric smoking controls and nonsmokers, but additional studies are needed to confirm the preliminary findings in this small sample. (Am J Addict 2019;00:1-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Darby J E Lowe
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Pylypchuk T, Delibashvili D, Usynskyi R, Kozak K, Maruschak M, Krynytska I, Tskhvediani N. THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CELL DEATH OF CIRCULATING NEUTROPHILS IN A SETTING OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CRUSH SYNDROME. Georgian Med News 2019:122-126. [PMID: 30829603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the overall incidence of trauma-induced crush syndrome (CS) is as low as 0.1 per 10,000 of population, which makes it one of the least common traumatic injuries, the hazard of CS lies in the high incidence of hemodynamic and metabolic complications, which call for an early diagnosis of this syndrome. This paper reports the specific features of cell death of neutrophils in rat blood as they changed with time using the model of endogenous toxemia formed in a setting of crush syndrome. To assess apoptosis/necrosis in neutrophils ANNEXIN V FITC assay kit (manufactured by Beckmann Coulter, USA) was used. The results obtained in this study suggest an increase in apoptotic and necrotic processes in a setting of CS from the first day of the experiment through the end of observation. Also we have found a significant impact of reactive oxygen species generation on neutrophils death in a setting of CS. However, other mechanisms to launch apoptosis/necrosis in case of experimental crush syndrome should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pylypchuk
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - D Delibashvili
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - R Usynskyi
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - K Kozak
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - M Maruschak
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - I Krynytska
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
| | - N Tskhvediani
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine; Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
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15
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Abstract
Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the underlying neurobiology of tobacco smoking in schizophrenia, and implications for treatment of this comorbidity. Recent findings: Explanations for heavy tobacco smoking in schizophrenia include pro-cognitive effects of nicotine, and remediation of the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Nicotine may ameliorate neurochemical deficits through nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located on the dopamine, glutamate, and GABA neurons. Neurophysiological indices including electroencephalography, electromyography, and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) paradigms may be biomarkers for underlying neuronal imbalances that contribute to the specific risk of tobacco smoking initiation, maintenance, and difficulty quitting within schizophrenia. Moreover, several social factors including socioeconomic factors and permissive smoking culture in mental health facilities, may contribute to the smoking behaviors (initiation, maintenance, and inability to quit smoking) within this disorder. Summary: Tobacco smoking may alleviate specific symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings and psychosocial determinants of this comorbidity may better explain these potential beneficial effects, while also providing important insights into effective treatments for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya M. Lucatch
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darby J. E. Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel C. Clark
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karolina Kozak
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division and Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Danyłec K, Mazur J, Kozak K, Grządziel D. Determination of the thoron emanation coefficient using a powder sandwich technique. J Environ Radioact 2018; 195:109-113. [PMID: 30336311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thoron (220 Rn) is a natural radioactive gas, tasteless, odourless, colourless, undetectable without proper equipment. This gas is carcinogenic, just like radon (222 Rn) but due to the short half-life (55.6s) and a small amount in the environment, its share in the absorbed radiation dose is often neglected. However, in areas rich in thorium (232Th), the radiation dose from the thoron can be much larger and quite significant. The problem is to measure the concentration of the thoron due to its short decay time as well as the fact that it is alpha-emitting as radon. An even greater challenge is to determine the emanation coefficient for the thoron. The method used in this experiment was developed by S.D. Kanse based on the work of D.J Greeman and adapted to the equipment used in Laboratory of Radiometric Expertise IFJ PAN. In the technique used to determine the thoron emanation coefficient, a closed loop system is used in which thoron is pushed out by means of a flow system from the sample and measured by a AlphaGuad DF2000 detector that is adapted to determine concentration of this gas. A sample of the material is placed between 2 filters in the geometry of the sandwich. This arrangement ensures that the thickness of the powder sample is significantly less than the length of the thoron diffusion, thus avoiding significant loss of the thoron due to intergranular absorption and facilitates the complete removal of this gas escaping from the powder. Using this technique, it is important to determine the concentration of 226Ra and the 232Th, since for the AlphaGuard detector, the ratio between thoron and radon should not exceed 5:1 for proper determination of the thoron concentration. Measurements of 226Ra and 232Th activity were carried out using gamma spectroscopy (HPGe detector). It was examined how the type of filter and grain size of sample affects the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Danyłec
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - J Mazur
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - K Kozak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - D Grządziel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
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17
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Kozak K, Mirshams Shahshahani P, Wan J, Wang N, Kapshai A, DeMott T, Richardson J, Ashton-Miller J. ELDERLY DRIVER INGRESS AND EGRESS FROM A VEHICLE: PERCEIVED DISCOMFORT AND TASK DURATION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Kozak K, Lucatch AM, Lowe DJE, Balodis IM, MacKillop J, George TP. The neurobiology of impulsivity and substance use disorders: implications for treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1451:71-91. [PMID: 30291624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is strongly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). Our review discusses impulsivity as an underlying vulnerability marker for SUDs, and treatment of co-occurring impulsivity in SUDs. Three factors should be considered for the complex relationship between impulsivity and a SUD: (1) the trait effect of impulsivity, centering on decreased cognitive and response inhibition, (2) the state effect resulting from either acute or chronic substance use on brain structure and function, and (3) the genetic and environmental factors (e.g., age and sex) may influence impulsive behavior associated with SUDs. Both subjective and objective measures are used to assess impulsivity. Together, treatment developments (pharmacological, behavioral, and neurophysiological) should consider these clinically relevant dimensions assessed by a variety of measures, which have implications for treatment matching in individuals with SUD. Despite its heterogeneity, impulsivity is a marker associated with SUDs and may be understood as an imbalance of bottom-up and top-down neural systems. Further investigation of these relationships may lead to more effective SUD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliya M Lucatch
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darby J E Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Kozak K, Dermody SS, Rabin RA, Zack M, Barr MS, Tyndale RF, George TP. Effects of varenicline on cognitive function in non-smokers with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:562-563. [PMID: 28291692 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sarah S Dermody
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Brain Science Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mera S Barr
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Brain Science Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Rabin RA, Kozak K, Zakzanis KK, Remington G, George TP. Effects of extended cannabis abstinence on clinical symptoms in cannabis dependent schizophrenia patients versus non-psychiatric controls. Schizophr Res 2018; 194:55-61. [PMID: 28285022 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of cannabis use among patients with schizophrenia are high, however little is understood about clinical effects of continued cannabis use and cessation after illness onset. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 28-days of cannabis abstinence on psychotic and depressive symptomatology in cannabis dependent patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Males with cannabis dependence and co-morbid schizophrenia (n=19) and non-psychiatric controls (n=20) underwent 28-days of monitored cannabis abstinence. Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and then weekly. Abstinence was encouraged using weekly therapy sessions and contingency reinforcement, confirmed by twice-weekly urine assays. RESULTS Forty-two percent (8/19) of patients and 55% (11/20) of controls achieved 28-days of sustained cannabis abstinence. In patients, PANSS subscores did not change over time irrespective of abstinence status. In contrast, patient abstainers demonstrated a more pronounced reduction in depression scores compared to non-abstainers, however, the Abstinence Status x Time interaction was non-significant. DISCUSSION Short-term (28-days) cannabis abstinence is not associated with improvement in psychotic symptoms, but may be associated with improvement in depressive symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia. Future studies employing larger samples as well as a continuous cannabis-using group may help to better characterize the causal effects of cannabis on symptom outcomes in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Rabin
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karolina Kozak
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantine K Zakzanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Rabin RA, Kozak K, Zakzanis KK, Remington G, Stefan C, Budney AJ, George TP. A method to achieve extended cannabis abstinence in cannabis dependent patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls. Schizophr Res 2018; 194:47-54. [PMID: 28506704 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are common in schizophrenia (~25%) compared to the general population (~3%). Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component in cannabis is fat-soluble, resulting in an extended period for cannabinoid elimination. While detection of cannabinoids in urine is indicative of prior cannabis exposure, time of last use is difficult to verify sustained abstinence for extended periods (e.g., 28-days) in chronic cannabis users. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of a sustained cannabis abstinence paradigm in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls. METHODS Cannabis dependent patients (n=19) and controls (n=20) underwent 28-days of monitored cannabis abstinence facilitated with contingency management. Urine samples were taken twice weekly. Abstinence was evaluated using 1) Self-report; 2) Qualitative biochemical confirmation using MEDTOX; and 3) in a subset of participants (schizophrenia, n=13; controls, n=13) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to obtain quantitative creatinine-normalized carboxy-THC (THC-COOH) metabolite levels <20ng/mL). Subjective assessments were used to assess behavioral correlates of cannabis abstinence and further supported time-dependent abstinence trajectories. RESULTS Abstinence rates of 42.1% (8/19) in patients and 55% (11/19) in controls (p=0.53) were observed. Increased cannabis withdrawal symptoms in both patients and controls supported abstinence. DISCUSSION Our results suggest a feasible method for identification of short-term cannabis abstinence in individuals with schizophrenia at rates comparable to controls. Monitoring sustained abstinence may have implications for potential interventions for CUDs in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Rabin
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karolina Kozak
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantine K Zakzanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristiana Stefan
- Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan J Budney
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03702, USA
| | - Tony P George
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Coles AS, Kozak K, George TP. A review of brain stimulation methods to treat substance use disorders. Am J Addict 2018; 27:71-91. [PMID: 29457674 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide. While several pharmacological and behavioral treatments for SUDs are available, these may not be effective for all patients. Recent studies using non-invasive neuromodulation techniques including Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) have shown promise for SUD treatment. OBJECTIVE Multiple studies were evaluated investigating the therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in treatment of SUDs. METHOD Through literature searches (eg, PubMed, Google Scholar), 60 studies (2000-2017) were identified examining the effect of rTMS, tDCS, or DBS on cravings and consumption of SUDs, including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and stimulants. RESULTS rTMS and tDCS demonstrated decreases in drug craving and consumption, while early studies with DBS suggest similar results. Results are most encouraging when stimulation is targeted to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC). CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with rTMS and tDCS may have beneficial effects on drug craving and consumption. Future studies should focus on extending therapeutic benefits by increasing stimulation frequency and duration of treatment. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The utility of these methods in SUD treatment and prevention are unclear, and warrants further study using randomized, controlled designs. (Am J Addict 2018;27:71-91).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria S Coles
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Kozak
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Kozak K, Rinn B, Leven O, Emmenlauer M. Strategies and Solutions to Maintain and Retain Data from High Content Imaging, Analysis, and Screening Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1683:131-148. [PMID: 29082491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7357-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Data analysis and management in high content screening (HCS) has progressed significantly in the past 10 years. The analysis of the large volume of data generated in HCS experiments represents a significant challenge and is currently a bottleneck in many screening projects. In most screening laboratories, HCS has become a standard technology applied routinely to various applications from target identification to hit identification to lead optimization. An HCS data management and analysis infrastructure shared by several research groups can allow efficient use of existing IT resources and ensures company-wide standards for data quality and result generation. This chapter outlines typical HCS workflows and presents IT infrastructure requirements for multi-well plate-based HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kozak
- Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Fraunhofer IWS, Winterbergstraße 28, Dresden, 01277, Germany. .,Wroclaw University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - B Rinn
- Scientific IT Services, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Leven
- Screener Business Unit, Genedata AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Emmenlauer
- University of Basel and SyBIT, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Tommasino L, Chen J, Falcomer R, Janik M, Kanda R, DeFelice F, Cardellini F, Trevisi R, Leonardi F, Magnoni M, Chiaberto E, Agnesod G, Ragani MF, Espinosa G, Golzarri J, Kozak K, Mazur J. AN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BY USING AN ALL-ENCOMPASSING PASSIVE RADON MONITOR. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2017; 177:12-15. [PMID: 29036725 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed radon film-badge makes it possible to measure radon indoors, in soil, in water and/or in aqueous media (e.g. mud). As a result of its wide response linearity, this monitor has been successfully used to measure radon in-water with concentrations from 10 to ~10 000 Bq/L. By exploiting the unique characteristics of this badge, a mini-survey has been carried out by Health Canada in which radon in water was measured from 12 private wells, as well as in tap water originating from the Ottawa River. Due to the widespread interest of different laboratories in using these passive monitors, laboratories were provided with plastic films to construct their own badges by using in-house CR-39 detectors. Monitors were then irradiated by a known radon concentration at the National Institute of Radiation Metrology (ENEA)'s radon chamber and sent back to each laboratory for processing and counting. Even though these laboratories have been using different etching- and counting-procedures, the film-badge responses varied only within ~12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tommasino
- National Agency for Environmental Protection, Rome, Italy
| | - J Chen
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, Canada K1A 1C1
| | - R Falcomer
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, Canada K1A 1C1
| | - M Janik
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - R Kanda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - F DeFelice
- National Institute of Radiation Metrology, ENEA, Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cardellini
- National Institute of Radiation Metrology, ENEA, Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Trevisi
- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, DiMEILA, Rome, Italy
| | - F Leonardi
- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, DiMEILA, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - G Espinosa
- Physics Institute, Mexico City University, UNAM, Mexico
| | - J Golzarri
- Physics Institute, Mexico City University, UNAM, Mexico
| | - K Kozak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Krakov, Poland
| | - J Mazur
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Krakov, Poland
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25
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Lugowska I, Cybulska-Stopa B, Jagodzinska-Mucha P, Teterycz P, Koseła-Paterczyk H, Kozak K, Szamotulska K, Roman K, Switaj T, Ziobro M, Rutkowski P. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its values monitored over time is associated with outcome of metastatic melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx377.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Kozak K, Koseła-Paterczyk H, Switaj T, Klimczak A, Ługowska I, Falkowski S, Tadeusz M, Szacht M, Rutkowski P. 104. The long-term outcomes of combined therapy of adult patients with localized synovial sarcoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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27
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Rutkowski P, Spalek M, Stepniak J, Dziewirski W, Kozak K, Koseła-Paterczyk H, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Pieńkowski A, Kowalik A, Goryn T, Zdzienicki M. 108. The analysis of outcomes of primary cutaneous melanoma located on hand or foot undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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28
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Kozak K, Lugowska I, Kowalik A, Gos A, Jurkowska M, Stępniak J, Switaj T, Paterczyk HK, Klimczak A, Falkowski S, Jagielska B, Siedlecki J, Chlopek M, Kalisz J, Rutkowski P. 3348 Cell-free DNA V600E measurements during vemurafenib therapy of metastatic melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Kozak K, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Rembiszewska A, Podgorska A, Paterczyk HK, Przybyl J, Gos A, Switaj T, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Rutkowski P. Programmed Death Ligand-1 (Pd-L1) Expression and Prognostic Value in Synovial Sarcoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu354.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Muűllerová M, Kozak K, Kovács T, Csordás A, Grzadziel D, Holý K, Mazur J, Moravcsík A, Neznal M, Neznal M, Smetanová I. Preliminary results of indoor radon survey in V4 countries. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 160:210-213. [PMID: 24723197 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The measurements of radon activity concentration carried out in residential houses of V4 countries (Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) show that radon levels in these countries considerably exceed the world average. Therefore, the new radon data and statistical analysis are required from these four countries. Each partner chose a region in their own country, where radon concentration in residential buildings was expected to be higher. The results of the survey carried out in the period from March 2012 to May 2012 show that radon concentrations are <200 Bq m(-3) in ∼87% of cases. However, dwellings with radon concentration ∼800 Bq m(-3) were found in Poland and Slovakia. It was also found that the distribution of radon frequency follows that of houses according to the year of their construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muűllerová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - K Kozak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - A Csordás
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - D Grzadziel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - K Holý
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J Mazur
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - A Moravcsík
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Neznal
- RADON v.o.s., Novakovych 6, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - M Neznal
- RADON v.o.s., Novakovych 6, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - I Smetanová
- Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 28 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
A special set-up for continuous measurements of radon exhalation rate from soil is presented. It was constructed at Laboratory of Radiometric Expertise, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland. Radon exhalation rate was determined using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Genitron) radon monitor together with a special accumulation container which was put on the soil surface during the measurement. A special automatic device was built and used to raise and lower back onto the ground the accumulation container. The time of raising and putting down the container was controlled by an electronic timer. This set-up made it possible to perform 4-6 automatic measurements a day. Besides, some additional soil and meteorological parameters were continuously monitored. In this way, the diurnal and seasonal variability of radon exhalation rate from soil can be studied as well as its dependence on soil properties and meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazur
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K Kozak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
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Janik M, Łoskiewicz J, Tokonami S, Kozak K, Mazur J, Ishikawa T. Determination of the minimum measurement time for estimating long-term mean radon concentration. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:168-173. [PMID: 22923240 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radon measurements, as do any measurements, include errors in their readings. The relative values of such errors depend principally on the measurement methods used, the radon concentration to be measured and the duration of the measurements. Typical exposure times for radon surveys using passive detectors [nuclear track detectors, activated charcoal, electrostatic (E-perm), etc.)] may extend from a few days to months, whereas, in the case of screening methods utilising active radon monitors (AlphaGUARD, RAD7, EQF, etc.), the measurements may be completed quickly within a few hours to a few days. Thus, the latter may have relatively large error values, which affect the measurement accuracy significantly compared with the former measurements made over long time periods. The method presented in this paper examines the uncertainty of a short-term radon measurement as an estimate of the long-term mean and suggests a minimum measurement time to achieve a given margin of uncertainty of that estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janik
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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33
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Balachandran P, Friberg M, Vanlandingham V, Kozak K, Manolis A, Brevnov M, Crowley E, Bird P, Goins D, Furtado MR, Petrauskene OV, Tebbs RS, Charbonneau D. Rapid detection of Salmonella in pet food: design and evaluation of integrated methods based on real-time PCR detection. J Food Prot 2012; 75:347-52. [PMID: 22289596 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the risk of Salmonella contamination in pet food is critical for both companion animals and humans, and its importance is reflected by the substantial increase in the demand for pathogen testing. Accurate and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens improves food safety, protects the public health, and benefits food producers by assuring product quality while facilitating product release in a timely manner. Traditional culture-based methods for Salmonella screening are laborious and can take 5 to 7 days to obtain definitive results. In this study, we developed two methods for the detection of low levels of Salmonella in pet food using real-time PCR: (i) detection of Salmonella in 25 g of dried pet food in less than 14 h with an automated magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction method and (ii) detection of Salmonella in 375 g of composite dry pet food matrix in less than 24 h with a manual centrifugation-based nucleic acid preparation method. Both methods included a preclarification step using a novel protocol that removes food matrix-associated debris and PCR inhibitors and improves the sensitivity of detection. Validation studies revealed no significant differences between the two real-time PCR methods and the standard U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (chapter 5) culture confirmation method.
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Kozak K, Mazur J, KozŁowska B, Karpińska M, Przylibski T, Mamont-Cieśla K, Grządziel D, Stawarz O, Wysocka M, Dorda J, Żebrowski A, Olszewski J, Hovhannisyan H, Dohojda M, KapaŁa J, Chmielewska I, KŁos B, Jankowski J, Mnich S, KoŁodziej R. Correction factors for determination of annual average radon concentration in dwellings of Poland resulting from seasonal variability of indoor radon. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Jedrzejewska M, Kozak K. Ethanol production from whey permeate in a continuous anaerobic bioreactor by Kluyveromyces marxianus. Environ Technol 2011; 32:37-42. [PMID: 21473267 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003616805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of using whey permeate as a raw material for the production of ethanol by continuous fermentation by using Kluyveromyces marxianus was examined. The ethanol formation was investigated as a function of the hydraulic retention time in a UASB reactor. The initial lactose concentration in permeate was 50.0 g L(-1). The hydraulic retention time supplied were 12, 24, 48 h and the daily ethanol formations were 4.46, 8.61, 7.73 g L(-1), respectively. The yield coefficient of ethanol was 0.089 g ethanol g(-1) lactose when the hydraulic retention time was 12 h and raised to 0.325 g g(-1) when the hydraulic retention time was as long as 48 h. The results indicated that in ethanol fermentation the hydraulic retention time should be 24 h to obtain high rates of ethanol formation and to avoid product inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jedrzejewska
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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36
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Moody J, Hamidi M, Kozak K. Definitive External Beam Radiotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Patterns of Care and Associated Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Yadav P, Rong Y, Tolakanahalli R, Paliwal B, Kozak K. SU-GG-T-24: Adaptive Planning for Neurofibro Sarcoma of Thigh on Helical Tomotherapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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38
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Adhikarla V, Titz B, Kozak K, Jeraj R. TU-C-BRB-07: Incorporation of Angiogenesis Into a Stochastic Imaging-Based Tumor Vasculature Model. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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39
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Titz B, Adhikarla V, Kozak K, Jeraj R. SU-FF-T-489: Simulating the Effects of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Using Voxel-Based Biological Parameters Derived From Functional Imaging. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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40
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Moody JS, Sawrie S, Kozak K, Plastaras J, Howard G, Bonner J. Stage-specific survival differences associated with postoperative radiotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Žunić Z, Kozak K, Ciotoli G, Ramola R, Kochowska E, Ujić P, Čeliković I, Mazur J, Janik M, Demajo A, Birovljev A, Bochicchio F, Yarmoshenko I, Kryeziu D, Olko P. A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niška Banja town, Serbia. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Jedrzejewska-Cicinska M, Kozak K, Krzemieniewski M. A comparison of the technological effectiveness of dairy wastewater treatment in anaerobic UASB reactor and anaerobic reactor with an innovative design. Environ Technol 2007; 28:1127-1133. [PMID: 17970519 DOI: 10.1080/09593332808618868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present research was an investigation of the influence of an innovative design of reactor filled with polyethylene (PE) granulate on model dairy wastewater treatment efficiency under anaerobic conditions compared to that obtained in a typical UASB reactor. The experiment was conducted at laboratory scale. An innovative reactor was designed with the reaction chamber inclined 30 degrees in relation to the ground with upward waste flow and was filled with PE granular material. Raw model dairy wastewater was fed to two anaerobic reactors of different design at the organic loading rate of 4 kg COD m(-3)d(-1). Throughout the experiment, a higher removal efficiency of organic compounds was observed in the reactor with an innovative design and it was higher by 7.1% on average than in the UASB reactor. The total suspended solids was lower in the wastewater treated in the anaerobic reactor with the innovative design. Applying a PE granulated filling in the chamber of the innovative reactor contributed to an even distribution of sludge biomass in the reactor, reducing washout of anaerobic sludge biomass from the reaction chamber and giving a higher organic compounds removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jedrzejewska-Cicinska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Prawochenskiego St. 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Zunić ZS, Kobal I, Vaupotic J, Kozak K, Mazur J, Birovljev A, Janik M, Celiković I, Ujić P, Demajo A, Krstić G, Jakupi B, Quarto M, Bochicchio F. High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region). J Environ Radioact 2006; 89:249-60. [PMID: 16828942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The measurement campaigns have been done in the rural community of Niska Banja, a spa town located in southern Serbia, to evaluate population exposure to natural radioactivity. After a screening survey in 200 houses, annual radon and thoron concentrations were measured in 34 houses, and in 2004 a detailed investigation was carried out at six houses with elevated indoor radon concentrations. The paper presents the results of these detailed measurements. The complementary techniques were applied to determine radon and thoron concentrations in indoor air, in soil gas, radon exhalation from soil, soil permeability, and indoor and outdoor gamma doses. Soil and water samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Indoor radon and thoron concentrations were found to be more than 1kBqm(-3) and 200Bqm(-3), respectively. Extremely high concentrations of soil-gas radon (>2000kBqm(-3)) and radon exhalation rates (1.5mBqm(-2)s(-1)) were observed. These results will be utilised to set up the methodology for a more systematic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Zunić
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro
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45
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Swakoń J, Kozak K, Paszkowski M, Gradziński R, Łoskiewicz J, Mazur J, Janik M, Bogacz J, Horwacik T, Olko P. Radon concentration in soil gas around local disjunctive tectonic zones in the Krakow area. J Environ Radioact 2005; 78:137-149. [PMID: 15511556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Revised: 04/10/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate radon in the vicinity of geologic fault zones within the Krakow region of Poland, and to determine the influence of such formations on enhanced radon concentrations in soil. Radon ((222)Rn and (220)Rn) concentration measurements in soil gas (using ionization chamber AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO and diffusion chambers with CR-39 detectors), as well as radioactive natural isotopes of radium, thorium and potassium in soil samples (using gamma ray spectrometry with NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors), were performed. Site selection was based on a geological map of Krakow. Geophysical methods (ground penetrating radar and shallow acoustic seismic) were applied to recognize the geological structure of the area and to locate the predicted courses of faults. Elevated levels of radon and thoron in soil gas were found in the study area when compared with those observed in an earlier survey covering Krakow agglomeration. For (222)Rn, the arithmetic mean of registered concentration values was 39 kBq/m(3) (median: 35.5 kBq/m(3)). For (220)Rn, the arithmetic mean was 10.8 kBq/m(3) and median 11.8 kBq/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Swakoń
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Str., 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses (1) that the maximum distance reached by young or older women when standing on a raised platform is independent of movement speed, and (2) the maximum forward momentum generated at comfortable and fast reaching speeds is independent of age. DESIGN Repeated measures case-control study in a university laboratory setting.Background. Maximum forward reach distance is often part of a geriatric mobility assessment. The effect of movement speed, and hence momentum, on forward reaching behavior is unknown in young or older subjects, despite the fact that excess momentum might increase the risk of fall-related injuries, especially from an elevated surface. METHODS Ten healthy young women (mean age 23.7 years) and 10 healthy older women (mean age 70.5 years) participated. Subjects stood on an instrumented force platform and forward reach body segment kinematics were measured optoelectronically. Whole-body center of reaction and center of mass trajectories were calculated during six maximum forward reach trials: three performed "at a comfortable speed", and three performed "as fast as possible". RESULTS Subjects reached slightly further at a comfortable speed than when reaching as fast as possible (P=0.016). Fast reaches were associated with a 25% increase in momentum (P<0.001; however, under both speed conditions, older women developed less whole-body momentum than did young controls (for example, 4.1 vs. 6.1 kgm/s at comfortable speed, P<0.05). Three young and one older women lost their balance in at least one trial. CONCLUSIONS Independent of age, these women reached further when reaching slowly than when reaching rapidly, and older women restricted peak forward momentum under both speed conditions when standing on the elevated surface. RELEVANCE Interventions designed to reduce falls from raised surfaces might utilize the insights gained from these women that (1) at any age, one cannot expect to reach as far when reaching fast as one can when reaching slowly; and (2) comfortable reaching speed is reduced in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, GG Brown 3208, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
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47
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Mietelski J, Jasiñska M, Kozak K, Ochab E. The method of measurement used in the investigation of radioactive contamination of forests in Poland. Appl Radiat Isot 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Yeo SL, Lloyd A, Kozak K, Dinh A, Dick T, Yang X, Sakonju S, Chia W. On the functional overlap between two Drosophila POU homeo domain genes and the cell fate specification of a CNS neural precursor. Genes Dev 1995; 9:1223-36. [PMID: 7758947 DOI: 10.1101/gad.9.10.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The approximately 200 distinct neurons comprising each hemisegment of the Drosophila embryonic CNS are derived from a stereotypic array of approximately 30 progenitor stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs). Each NB undergoes repeated asymmetric divisions to produce several smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs), each of which, in turn, divides to produce two neurons and/or glia cells. To understand the process by which cell type diversity is generated in the CNS, we are focusing on identifying genes that affect cell identity in the NB4-2 lineage from which the RP2 motoneuron is derived. We show here that within the early part of the NB4-2 lineage, two closely linked and structurally related POU homeo domain genes, pdm-2 (dPOU28) and pdm-1 (dPOU19), both encode proteins that accumulate to high levels only in the first GMC (GMC4-2a) and not in its progeny, the RP2 motoneuron. Our results from the genetic and developmental analysis of pdm-1 and pdm-2 demonstrate that these genes are not required for the birth of GMC4-2a; however, they are both involved in specifying the identity of GMC4-2a and, ultimately, in the genesis of RP2 neurons, with pdm-2 being the more dominant player in this process. In mutant animals where both pdm-1 and pdm-2 functions are removed, GMC4-2a fails to express markers consistent with a GMC4-2a identity and no mature (Eve protein expressing) RP2 neurons are produced. We demonstrate that in some mutant combinations in which no mature RP2 neurons are produced, some GMC4-2a cells can nevertheless divide. Hence, the failure of the POU mutants to produce mature RP2 neurons is not attributable to a block in GMC4-2a cell division per se but, rather, because the GMC4-2a cells fail to acquire their correct cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore
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49
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Thompson MR, Forristal J, Kauffmann P, Madden T, Kozak K, Morris RE, Saelinger CB. Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A binding glycoprotein from mouse LM cells. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:2390-6. [PMID: 1899240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) binding glycoprotein was affinity purified from toxin sensitive mouse LM cells. The binding protein was solubilized with Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40 and purified on a PE-Sepharose affinity column. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a single band with an estimated molecular mass of greater than 300,000 Da. N-Linked carbohydrate was present, accounting for approximately 10% of the total mass of the molecule. The purified protein specifically bound PE. Incubation of purified protein specifically bound PE. Incubation of purified PE binding protein with toxin reduced toxicity to LM cells. We speculate on the role of this toxin binding glycoprotein in the intoxication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Thompson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0524
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50
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Thompson MR, Forristal J, Kauffmann P, Madden T, Kozak K, Morris RE, Saelinger CB. Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A binding glycoprotein from mouse LM cells. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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